This document discusses computer networks and their basic components. It defines a network as a collection of hardware and computers connected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet. LANs connect computers within a single location, while WANs connect computers across larger geographical areas using technologies like leased lines. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks that uses TCP/IP protocols.
The document discusses several key telecommunications technologies:
1. The Internet backbone connects ISPs to web servers through packet switches, routers, and fiber networks.
2. Common access technologies include DSL, cable modems, and cellular networks. DSL uses phone lines to access the internet while cellular uses radio signals between towers and phones.
3. Early network standards included X.25 for packet switching and Frame Relay for more efficient data transmission. Newer standards like ATM and wireless technologies increased speeds.
This document summarizes the history and key standards of wireless internet communication. It discusses the major milestones including the original 802.11 standard from 1997 and subsequent amendments that increased bandwidth and functionality. It describes the technologies used by each standard such as DSSS and OFDM. The document also discusses wireless LAN applications and challenges, as well as the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) which aimed to make internet content accessible on mobile phones.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including the OSI model, WAN technologies, convergence, wireless networking, and authentication methods. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and technologies associated with each layer such as Ethernet and IP. It also discusses WAN options like leased lines, MPLS, and QoS mechanisms for prioritizing traffic. Wireless topics covered include frequencies, modulation, authentication, encryption, and next-generation centralized wireless network architectures.
Computer networks allow devices to connect and share resources. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks use different topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree to connect devices. The topology impacts features like cost, ease of use, and how failure of parts affects the whole network.
This document provides an overview of networking topics covered in week 11. It begins with an agenda for the class session, including a discussion of IT news and bringing laptops to the next class. The document then covers why networks are used, including reducing costs, sharing resources, and enabling collaboration. It defines basic networking concepts like clients, servers, and topologies. The rest of the document discusses additional topics like how LANs work, different network types, protocols, cables, connection speeds, and wireless networking standards.
This document discusses computer networks and their basic components. It begins by defining a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information. It then covers communication models including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission. The document also categorizes networks by scale, structure, topology and media. Finally, it discusses important network concepts such as internetworking, intranets and the development of the Internet.
Important terms in understanding internet programmingshahajahankhan123
The document discusses important terms related to internet programming and networking. It defines how data is transmitted between computers using binary digits and electrical or light signals. It then explains characteristics of signal transmission such as amplitude, frequency, phase, and bandwidth. The document defines what a computer network is and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs). It describes common LAN topologies like bus, ring, and star and advantages and disadvantages of LANs.
This document provides an overview of cable modem and DSL technologies including:
1. Key terms related to cable modem technology such as broadband, CATV, coaxial cable, and DOCSIS standards.
2. Components of a cable network including the headend, distribution network, and cable modem.
3. DSL deployment benefits such as utilizing existing telephone lines but distance limitations compared to cable.
4. DSL terminology and variants including ADSL, VDSL, and symmetric DSL options.
The document discusses several key telecommunications technologies:
1. The Internet backbone connects ISPs to web servers through packet switches, routers, and fiber networks.
2. Common access technologies include DSL, cable modems, and cellular networks. DSL uses phone lines to access the internet while cellular uses radio signals between towers and phones.
3. Early network standards included X.25 for packet switching and Frame Relay for more efficient data transmission. Newer standards like ATM and wireless technologies increased speeds.
This document summarizes the history and key standards of wireless internet communication. It discusses the major milestones including the original 802.11 standard from 1997 and subsequent amendments that increased bandwidth and functionality. It describes the technologies used by each standard such as DSSS and OFDM. The document also discusses wireless LAN applications and challenges, as well as the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) which aimed to make internet content accessible on mobile phones.
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including the OSI model, WAN technologies, convergence, wireless networking, and authentication methods. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model and technologies associated with each layer such as Ethernet and IP. It also discusses WAN options like leased lines, MPLS, and QoS mechanisms for prioritizing traffic. Wireless topics covered include frequencies, modulation, authentication, encryption, and next-generation centralized wireless network architectures.
Computer networks allow devices to connect and share resources. There are several types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks use different topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree to connect devices. The topology impacts features like cost, ease of use, and how failure of parts affects the whole network.
This document provides an overview of networking topics covered in week 11. It begins with an agenda for the class session, including a discussion of IT news and bringing laptops to the next class. The document then covers why networks are used, including reducing costs, sharing resources, and enabling collaboration. It defines basic networking concepts like clients, servers, and topologies. The rest of the document discusses additional topics like how LANs work, different network types, protocols, cables, connection speeds, and wireless networking standards.
This document discusses computer networks and their basic components. It begins by defining a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information. It then covers communication models including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission. The document also categorizes networks by scale, structure, topology and media. Finally, it discusses important network concepts such as internetworking, intranets and the development of the Internet.
Important terms in understanding internet programmingshahajahankhan123
The document discusses important terms related to internet programming and networking. It defines how data is transmitted between computers using binary digits and electrical or light signals. It then explains characteristics of signal transmission such as amplitude, frequency, phase, and bandwidth. The document defines what a computer network is and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs). It describes common LAN topologies like bus, ring, and star and advantages and disadvantages of LANs.
This document provides an overview of cable modem and DSL technologies including:
1. Key terms related to cable modem technology such as broadband, CATV, coaxial cable, and DOCSIS standards.
2. Components of a cable network including the headend, distribution network, and cable modem.
3. DSL deployment benefits such as utilizing existing telephone lines but distance limitations compared to cable.
4. DSL terminology and variants including ADSL, VDSL, and symmetric DSL options.
These ppt are the part 2 of mobile computing concepts. These ppt defines the following things
Wireless Networking
Wireless LAN Overview: IEEE 802.11
Wireless applications
Data Broadcasting
Bluetooth
TCP over wireless
Mobile IP
WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application
environment, applications.
The document discusses various networking devices used to connect and extend local area networks (LANs). It describes repeaters as devices that receive and regenerate signals to allow them to travel longer distances. Hubs are multiport repeaters that connect multiple nodes to a single device. Bridges operate at the data link layer and logically separate network segments. Switches provide dedicated connections and are multiport bridges that separate collision domains for improved performance.
A network connects two or more computers through cables, phone lines, wireless technologies or radio waves to share resources like printers and files. There are two main types of networks - local area networks (LANs) confined to a small area, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting larger areas. Key hardware components include file servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers and different types of cabling. Network software establishes communication protocols and operating systems that coordinate activities across multiple connected computers.
HiperLAN was developed as a wireless local area network standard by ETSI to provide higher data rates than early 802.11 standards. HiperLAN Type 1 achieved data rates up to 2 Mbps for ad hoc networking. HiperLAN Type 2 was later developed to provide connection-oriented service up to 54 Mbps, with quality of service guarantees, security, and flexibility. It uses OFDM in the 5 GHz spectrum for robust transmission. While early products only achieved 25 Mbps, the standard provides a framework for higher speeds as technologies advance. HiperLAN is intended to complement wired networks by providing wireless connectivity in hotspot areas like offices, homes, and public places.
This document provides information about local area networks (LANs), including their design, topologies, transmission media, and protocols. It discusses common LAN applications and topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh. Specific protocols covered include Ethernet, token ring, and spanning tree. Bridges are described as a way to interconnect multiple LANs. Factors in choosing a topology and transmission medium are also summarized.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document discusses LAN and WAN network architectures. It covers key topics such as:
- LANs are privately owned networks that connect devices within a single building, while WANs provide long-distance transmission across large geographic areas.
- Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI, with Ethernet being the most widely used standard.
- WANs connect multiple LANs and use transmission technologies like leased lines, circuits switching, and packet switching to transmit data over large distances.
- The document provides an overview of LAN and WAN components, protocols, topologies and transmission methods.
This document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by transmission technology and scale. It describes point-to-point links which connect two machines directly and broadcasting links which allow messages to be sent to all machines on the network. It then outlines different network scales including personal area networks (PANs) connecting devices near a person, local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) extending across countries using transmission lines and routers.
Section C ch16 the networking and internet basics notespeter fychung
This document provides an overview of networking and internet basics including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It defines LANs and WANs, compares their key characteristics, and discusses common network hardware components. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts such as peer-to-peer vs client-server networks, and how devices like hubs, switches, and routers function in a network. Network cabling options and their properties are also outlined. The document is intended as a study guide for the HKDSE Information and Communication Technology exam on networking and internet fundamentals.
WAN is a networking technology that spans large geographical areas like countries or continents. It consists of hosts like computers connected by subnets, which contain transmission lines and switching elements like routers. WAN standards define the physical and data link layers, with organizations providing standards for transmission and protocols like Frame Relay, PPP, and ISDN. ISDN provides an integrated digital service for voice and data over a digital bit pipe between customers and carriers. ATM is a connection-oriented network that originally aimed to merge different services but did not fully replace older technologies.
The document discusses wireless networks and IEEE 802.11 standards. It describes the components of wired LANs like repeaters, hubs, bridges, and switches. It then covers wireless networks including wireless LAN standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It also discusses wireless network topologies, services, and the medium access control of 802.11 which uses CSMA/CA for distributed coordination function and an alternative point coordination function for centralized access control.
UNIT II
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs), including Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Ultra-Wideband. It describes the key features and applications of each technology, how their protocols are structured, and how they compare to each other. Bluetooth supports data rates up to 2 Mbps over short ranges and is used in devices like phones, laptops, and printers. ZigBee focuses on low power consumption and supports thousands of nodes in a mesh network for uses like smart homes and buildings. Ultra-Wideband provides high data rates over short ranges and is used in applications like TVs, DVD players, and mobile devices.
UNIT III
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover-Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and service data mgt –-Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks –GPRS –Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
This document contains a Cisco training module on Wide Area Networks (WAN). It discusses common WAN technologies like routers, terminal servers, modems, and WAN networking devices. Specific WAN protocols covered include HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and their configuration on Cisco routers. The document provides configuration examples and show commands to display interface and protocol status information for troubleshooting WAN connections.
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the fundamental problem of communication and reproducing messages at different points. It also describes trends in traffic growth and new services, and reviews the components of a basic communications model. Additionally, it differentiates between local and wide area networks, and examines technologies like circuit switching, packet switching, frame relay and ATM used in wide area networks. Finally, it provides a brief history of the Internet and reviews its basic architecture and elements.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML
This document contains class notes for a data communication course. It includes definitions and explanations of key data communication concepts such as data communication, nodes, computer network types (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), network interface cards (NIC), MAC addresses, ports, hubs, switches, routers, bridges, repeaters, gateways, and the OSI model. The document cites online references for each topic.
Different Issues and Survey of Proposed Solutions in TCP over Wireless Enviro...Ranjeet Bidwe
This document discusses issues with using TCP in wireless networks and proposed solutions. The main issues are higher bit error rates, lower bandwidth, mobility, and longer round trip times in wireless networks compared to wired networks. TCP was designed for wired networks and assumes packet loss is always due to congestion, but in wireless networks loss can occur for other reasons like bit errors, handoffs, or disconnections. This wrong assumption causes TCP to reduce its window size unnecessarily, degrading performance. The document surveys proposed solutions like Snoop to cache packets at base stations to hide losses from the sender, and Explicit Congestion Notification to signal congestion before queue overflows.
A computer network connects devices using communication links. It allows for simultaneous communication and sharing of bandwidth between connected devices sending signals in either direction. There are different types of networks including personal area networks covering a single person, local area networks spanning a building or campus, metropolitan area networks covering multiple cities, and wide area networks spanning countries or continents. Networks rely on protocols that define rules for communication and different hardware technologies for data transmission, including broadcast links that send packets to all machines and point-to-point links that connect individual pairs of machines.
The document discusses different types of computer networks including LAN, WAN, and MAN. A LAN covers a small area like an office and connects computers within close proximity at speeds up to 1 Gbps. A WAN spans larger distances, connecting computers across cities and countries at slower speeds between 56 Kbps to 50 Mbps. A MAN connects LANs within a city and is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It provides higher data speeds than a WAN over its coverage area.
These ppt are the part 2 of mobile computing concepts. These ppt defines the following things
Wireless Networking
Wireless LAN Overview: IEEE 802.11
Wireless applications
Data Broadcasting
Bluetooth
TCP over wireless
Mobile IP
WAP: Architecture, protocol stack, application
environment, applications.
The document discusses various networking devices used to connect and extend local area networks (LANs). It describes repeaters as devices that receive and regenerate signals to allow them to travel longer distances. Hubs are multiport repeaters that connect multiple nodes to a single device. Bridges operate at the data link layer and logically separate network segments. Switches provide dedicated connections and are multiport bridges that separate collision domains for improved performance.
A network connects two or more computers through cables, phone lines, wireless technologies or radio waves to share resources like printers and files. There are two main types of networks - local area networks (LANs) confined to a small area, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting larger areas. Key hardware components include file servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers and different types of cabling. Network software establishes communication protocols and operating systems that coordinate activities across multiple connected computers.
HiperLAN was developed as a wireless local area network standard by ETSI to provide higher data rates than early 802.11 standards. HiperLAN Type 1 achieved data rates up to 2 Mbps for ad hoc networking. HiperLAN Type 2 was later developed to provide connection-oriented service up to 54 Mbps, with quality of service guarantees, security, and flexibility. It uses OFDM in the 5 GHz spectrum for robust transmission. While early products only achieved 25 Mbps, the standard provides a framework for higher speeds as technologies advance. HiperLAN is intended to complement wired networks by providing wireless connectivity in hotspot areas like offices, homes, and public places.
This document provides information about local area networks (LANs), including their design, topologies, transmission media, and protocols. It discusses common LAN applications and topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh. Specific protocols covered include Ethernet, token ring, and spanning tree. Bridges are described as a way to interconnect multiple LANs. Factors in choosing a topology and transmission medium are also summarized.
Networks and telecommunication technologies basicsDavid Kibuki
The document provides an overview of network and telecommunication technologies. It discusses how networks have evolved from single-user PCs to complex multi-user systems connecting organizations. The main types of networks covered include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless networks, metropolitan area networks (MANs), and personal area networks (PANs). The document also describes common network structures like server-based, client/server, and peer-to-peer networks. Finally, it discusses popular network topologies such as bus, star, tree and mesh configurations.
This document discusses LAN and WAN network architectures. It covers key topics such as:
- LANs are privately owned networks that connect devices within a single building, while WANs provide long-distance transmission across large geographic areas.
- Common LAN technologies include Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI, with Ethernet being the most widely used standard.
- WANs connect multiple LANs and use transmission technologies like leased lines, circuits switching, and packet switching to transmit data over large distances.
- The document provides an overview of LAN and WAN components, protocols, topologies and transmission methods.
This document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by transmission technology and scale. It describes point-to-point links which connect two machines directly and broadcasting links which allow messages to be sent to all machines on the network. It then outlines different network scales including personal area networks (PANs) connecting devices near a person, local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) spanning a city, and wide area networks (WANs) extending across countries using transmission lines and routers.
Section C ch16 the networking and internet basics notespeter fychung
This document provides an overview of networking and internet basics including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). It defines LANs and WANs, compares their key characteristics, and discusses common network hardware components. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts such as peer-to-peer vs client-server networks, and how devices like hubs, switches, and routers function in a network. Network cabling options and their properties are also outlined. The document is intended as a study guide for the HKDSE Information and Communication Technology exam on networking and internet fundamentals.
WAN is a networking technology that spans large geographical areas like countries or continents. It consists of hosts like computers connected by subnets, which contain transmission lines and switching elements like routers. WAN standards define the physical and data link layers, with organizations providing standards for transmission and protocols like Frame Relay, PPP, and ISDN. ISDN provides an integrated digital service for voice and data over a digital bit pipe between customers and carriers. ATM is a connection-oriented network that originally aimed to merge different services but did not fully replace older technologies.
The document discusses wireless networks and IEEE 802.11 standards. It describes the components of wired LANs like repeaters, hubs, bridges, and switches. It then covers wireless networks including wireless LAN standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g. It also discusses wireless network topologies, services, and the medium access control of 802.11 which uses CSMA/CA for distributed coordination function and an alternative point coordination function for centralized access control.
UNIT II
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs), including Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Ultra-Wideband. It describes the key features and applications of each technology, how their protocols are structured, and how they compare to each other. Bluetooth supports data rates up to 2 Mbps over short ranges and is used in devices like phones, laptops, and printers. ZigBee focuses on low power consumption and supports thousands of nodes in a mesh network for uses like smart homes and buildings. Ultra-Wideband provides high data rates over short ranges and is used in applications like TVs, DVD players, and mobile devices.
UNIT III
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover-Security-GSM SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and service data mgt –-Mobile Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks –GPRS –Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
This document contains a Cisco training module on Wide Area Networks (WAN). It discusses common WAN technologies like routers, terminal servers, modems, and WAN networking devices. Specific WAN protocols covered include HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, and their configuration on Cisco routers. The document provides configuration examples and show commands to display interface and protocol status information for troubleshooting WAN connections.
This document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks. It discusses the fundamental problem of communication and reproducing messages at different points. It also describes trends in traffic growth and new services, and reviews the components of a basic communications model. Additionally, it differentiates between local and wide area networks, and examines technologies like circuit switching, packet switching, frame relay and ATM used in wide area networks. Finally, it provides a brief history of the Internet and reviews its basic architecture and elements.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML
This document contains class notes for a data communication course. It includes definitions and explanations of key data communication concepts such as data communication, nodes, computer network types (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), network interface cards (NIC), MAC addresses, ports, hubs, switches, routers, bridges, repeaters, gateways, and the OSI model. The document cites online references for each topic.
Different Issues and Survey of Proposed Solutions in TCP over Wireless Enviro...Ranjeet Bidwe
This document discusses issues with using TCP in wireless networks and proposed solutions. The main issues are higher bit error rates, lower bandwidth, mobility, and longer round trip times in wireless networks compared to wired networks. TCP was designed for wired networks and assumes packet loss is always due to congestion, but in wireless networks loss can occur for other reasons like bit errors, handoffs, or disconnections. This wrong assumption causes TCP to reduce its window size unnecessarily, degrading performance. The document surveys proposed solutions like Snoop to cache packets at base stations to hide losses from the sender, and Explicit Congestion Notification to signal congestion before queue overflows.
A computer network connects devices using communication links. It allows for simultaneous communication and sharing of bandwidth between connected devices sending signals in either direction. There are different types of networks including personal area networks covering a single person, local area networks spanning a building or campus, metropolitan area networks covering multiple cities, and wide area networks spanning countries or continents. Networks rely on protocols that define rules for communication and different hardware technologies for data transmission, including broadcast links that send packets to all machines and point-to-point links that connect individual pairs of machines.
The document discusses different types of computer networks including LAN, WAN, and MAN. A LAN covers a small area like an office and connects computers within close proximity at speeds up to 1 Gbps. A WAN spans larger distances, connecting computers across cities and countries at slower speeds between 56 Kbps to 50 Mbps. A MAN connects LANs within a city and is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. It provides higher data speeds than a WAN over its coverage area.
The document defines and describes several types of computer networks categorized by the land area they cover, including LAN, WAN, WLAN, PAN, SAN, GAN, MAN, CAN, DAN, and VPN. It provides details on each type of network, such as LANs connecting devices within a short distance, WANs covering large distances like the Internet, and VPNs using public networks to connect private networks remotely. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of networks generally before concluding on their importance in modern IT systems.
Networking connects two or more computers to share resources. It involves client computers that access shared resources from server computers via communication links and network interface cards. Common network types include personal area networks (PANs) for connecting devices near a single user, local area networks (LANs) for connecting devices within an office or building, and wide area networks (WANs) for connecting sites over long distances. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and connected in a network.
LAN, MAN, and WAN are three types of computer networks. LAN connects devices within a small area like a home or office using switches. MAN covers a larger area than LAN, such as within a city, using higher speeds. WAN extends over the largest geographical areas, such as across cities, states, or countries, using technologies like telephone lines that are more expensive and have higher latency. Each network type increases in the area and distance it can connect devices but comes with challenges like higher costs, lower speeds, and reduced reliability over greater distances.
A computer network connects computers that communicate over transmission lines. There are three main types of networks: local area networks (LANs) that connect computers in a single location, wide area networks (WANs) that connect computers across different geographic sites, and the Internet which is a global network of networks. LANs connect computers within half a mile using switches, cables, and network interface cards. WANs connect computers at physically separate sites using technologies like leased lines, public switched networks, and virtual private networks. When choosing a network, considerations include setup, operational, and maintenance costs as well as performance factors and growth potential.
Wide Area Network (WAN) connects local area networks (LANs) over long distances using technologies like leased lines, DSL, frame relay, or VPNs. A WAN spans a larger geographic area than a LAN and uses networking devices like routers, switches, and modems. Common WAN technologies include leased lines, DSL, frame relay, cable internet, and SONET. WANs provide connectivity between LANs but usually at slower speeds and lower bandwidth compared to LANs. Security measures for WANs include firewalls, VPNs, and antivirus filtering.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as a collection of devices connected to allow data exchange. It then describes different types of networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). Finally, it discusses common network architectures such as client-server, peer-to-peer, and hybrid architectures.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by outlining the course content, which includes network types, media, threats, and cloud computing. It then defines what a computer network is and describes common network components like nodes, interconnections, and communication protocols. The document outlines different network types including LANs, WANs, MANs, SANs, and VPNs. It also discusses network devices, media, protocols, and advantages of networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, communication protocols, network media, common network types, networking devices, network topologies and wireless networks. Specific topics covered include the Internet protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless LANs, fiber optic and copper cabling, bridges, switches, routers, firewalls, the client-server model and peer-to-peer networking. Network advantages like simultaneous access and easier data backup are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, communication protocols, network media, common network types, networking devices, network topologies and wireless networks. Specific topics covered include LANs, WANs, the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, fiber optic and twisted pair cabling, switches, routers, firewalls, the internet, cloud computing and wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document is intended as an introductory course on computer networking fundamentals.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, communication protocols, network media, common network types, networking devices, network topologies and wireless networks. Specific topics covered include LANs, WANs, the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, fiber optic and copper cabling, switches, routers, firewalls, the internet, cloud computing and wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document is intended as an introductory course on computer networking fundamentals.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, communication protocols, network media, common network types, networking devices, network topologies and wireless networks. Specific topics covered include LANs, WANs, the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, fiber optic and copper cabling, switches, routers, firewalls, the internet, cloud computing and wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document is intended as an introductory course on computer networking fundamentals.
Computer Network and its applications, different kinds of technologies and di...ssuser036308
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by outlining the course content, which includes network types, uses of networks, network media, threats, and cloud computing. It then defines what a computer network is and describes common network components like nodes, interconnections, and communication protocols. The document outlines different network types including LANs, WANs, MANs, SANs, and VPNs. It also discusses common networking devices, network media options, and example communication protocols.
A computer network links several computers. Office networks allow people to w...sherinjoyson
One of the first computer networks to use packet switching, ARPANET, was developed in the mid-1960s and is the direct predecessor of the modern Internet.
The Computer Network - All the basic Knowledgessuseree2ffc
A computer network is a group of computers/devices(Nodes) that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes.
Network- computer networking by vinod pptDhruvilSTATUS
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by outlining the course content, which includes network types, uses of networks, network media, threats, and cloud computing. It then defines what a computer network is and describes common network components like nodes, interconnections, and communication protocols. The document outlines different network types including LANs, WANs, MANs, and more. It also discusses network devices, media, protocols, and advantages of networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, protocols, media, and topologies. It describes common network types such as LANs, WANs, MANs, and VPNs. It also explains networking devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls. Wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are introduced. The purpose of computer networks to share resources located on network nodes is highlighted.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the basic components of networks including nodes, communication protocols, network media, common network types, networking devices, network topologies and wireless networks. Specific topics covered include the Internet protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless LANs, fiber optic and copper cabling, bridges, switches, routers, firewalls, the client-server model and peer-to-peer networking. Network topologies such as bus, star, ring and mesh are defined along with short-range wireless technologies like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The document serves as an introductory guide to fundamental computer networking principles and technologies.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
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- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. What Is a Computer Network?
Network
is a collection of hardware components and
computers interconnected by
communication channels that allow sharing
of resources and information
Collection of computers
Communicate with one another over
transmission line
Three basic types
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
6-2 Internet
3. LAN
Connects computers residing in single
location
2 to several hundred computers
One geographic area
Communication lines can be placed
where the organization wants
6-3
4. WAN
Connect computers in different
geographical areas
Two or more cities
Uses communication networks from
vendors
Licensed by government
6-4
5. Internet
• The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
serve billions of users worldwide
• Network of networks
• Connect LANs, WANs, and other internets
• Private networks of networks
• Use a variety of communication methods and
conventions
• Seamless flow of data provided by layered
protocol
• Set of rules that communicating devices follow
6-5
6. LAN VS WAN
LAN WAN
Data Experiences more data
Experiences fewer data
transmission transmission errors as
transmission errors
Error: compared to LAN
WANs have a lower data
Data transfer LANs have a high data
transfer rate as compared to
rates: transfer rate
LANs
Computers connected to a
one LAN can be wide-area network are often
connected to other LANs connected through public
Connection: over any distance via networks, such as the
telephone lines and radio telephone system. They can
waves also be connected through
leased lines or satellites
7. LAN vs WAN
speed: high speed(1000mbps) less speed(150mbps)
Because it covers a Maintaining WAN is
relatively small difficult because of its
Maintenance
geographical area, LAN wider geographical
costs:
is easier to maintain at coverage and higher
relatively low costs. maintenance costs.
LANs tend to have less WANs tend to be less fault
problems associated tolerant. as it consists of a
Fault Tolerance: with them, as there are large amount of systems
a smaller amount of there is a lower amount of
systems to deal with. fault tolerance.
Network in an
Internet is the best
Example: organization can be a
example of a WAN
LAN
8. LAN vs WAN
Have a small geographical Have a large geographical range
Geographica range and do not need generally spreading across
l spread: any leased boundaries and need leased
telecommunication lines telecommunication lines
If there is a need to set-up In this case since networks in
a couple of extra devices remote areas have to be
Set-up costs:
on the network, it is not connected hence the set-up
very expensive to do that costs are higher
WANs (like the Internet) are not
Typically owned, owned by any one organization
controlled, and managed but rather exist under collective
Ownership:
by a single person or or distributed ownership and
organization management over long
distances
9. LAN vs WANs
LAN (Local Area WAN (Wide Area Network) is a
Network) is a computer computer network that covers a
network covering a small broad area (e.g., any network
Definition:
geographic area, like a whose communications links cross
home, office, schools, or metropolitan, regional, or national
group of buildings. boundaries over a long distance
layer 2 devices like Layers 3 devices Routers, Multi-
Compone switches, bridges. layer1 layer Switches and Technology
nts: devices like hubs , specific devices like ATM or Frame-
repeaters relay Switches etc
10. What Are the Components of a
LAN?
Local area network
Computers connected on single company
site
Usually located within half mile area
Property controlled by company operating
network
Company can run cabling as necessary
Components
Switch
Special purpose computer that receives and
transmits messages
Network interface card (NIC)
Hardware that connects each device’s circuitry to
6-10 the cable
14. IEEE 802.3 Protocol
Ethernet protocol standard
Specifies hardware characteristics
Describes how messages are packages
Determines how messages are processed
Operates at Layers 1 and 2 of TCP/IP-OSI
architecture(physical layer and data link layer)
Personal computers usually support 10/100/1000
(bandwidth) Ethernet
6-14
15. LANs with Wireless Connections
Wireless NIC (WNIC)
LAN operation
NICs operate on 802.3 protocol
WNICs operate on 802.11 protocol
WNICS connect to access point (AP)
AP processes both standards
6-15
16. What Are the Alternatives for a WAN?
WANs connect computers at separate sites
No cabling between sites
Cable connections made through licensed
communications companies
Internet service provider (ISP)
Provides legitimate Internet address
Serves as gateway to Internet
Pay for Internet
6-16
17. Connecting to the ISP
Connections made through:
Regular telephone lines
Use of DSL line
Cable TV lines
All require digital data to be converted to analog
Modem makes conversion
6-17
18. MIS In Use: Larry Jones (Student)
Network Services
Larry set up LAN networks
Realized that he had to offer support
Customers had problems
Customers needed to add more devices
Coupled installation with support package
Extra charges for support beyond normal wear and
tear
6-18
19. Dial-Up Modems
Handles conversion between analog and digital
Connection made by dialing ISP
Maximum transmission speed of 56kbps
Modulation governed by V.34, V.90. or V.92
standards
PPP controls message packaging and handling
6-19
20. DSL Modems
Operates over telephone lines
Do not interfere with voice telephone service
Faster data transmission than dial-up
Connection always maintained
Use their own Layer 1 and 2 protocols
Download and upload speeds vary
Asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL)
Symmetrical digital subscriber lines (SDSL)
6-20
21. Cable Modems
Provide high-speed data transmission
Use cable television lines
High-capacity optical fiber cable run to
neighborhood distribution center
Television cables connect at distribution center and
runs to subscribers
Does not interfere with television transmission
Up to 500 subscribers connected at each center
Performance varies based on number connected
6-21
22. Cable Modems, continued
Download speed up to 10Mbps, upload up to 256
kbps
Operate with Layer 1 and 2 protocols
Speeds
Narrowband
Transmission speeds less then 56 kbps
Broadband
Transmission speeds in excess of 256 kbps
6-22
23. Networks of Leased Lines
WAN connects computers located at geographically
distributed sites
Access devices connect sites to transmission
Switch
Router
Alternative is leasing lines
T1, T3
Set up as a point-to-point line
Only predefined sites can use leased lines
Provide low cost per bit transmitted
6-23
25. Public Switched Data Network
(PSDN)
Network of computers and leased lines
Developed and maintained by vendor
Time leased on network
Utility that supplies network for other companies
to lease
Each site leases line to connect to PSDN network at
access point
Point of presence (POP)
Saves setup and maintenance activities
6-25
26. PSDN Protocols
Frame relay
Process traffic at 56 kbps to 40 Mbps
Simplest and easiest to support
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
Process speeds from 1 to 156 Mbps
Ethernet
Operates at speeds of 10 to 40 Gpbs
6-26
27. Criteria for Comparing WANs
Costs
Setup costs
Examples: costs of acquiring lines and equipment
Operational costs
Examples: lease fees, ISP charges, training
Maintenance costs
Examples: periodic maintenance, repair, upgrades
6-27
28. Criteria for Comparing WANs,
continued
Performance
Speed
Latency (measure of time delay)
Availability
Loss rate
Transparency
Performance guarantees
Growth potential
Length of contract commitment
6-28
29. Security Guide: How Does
Encryption Work?
Encryption
Process of transforming clear text into coded text
Used for secure storage or communication
Uses algorithms
Key
Used to encrypt data
Algorithm applies key to produce coded message
Symmetric encryption
Asymmetric encryption
6-29
30. Security Guide: How Does
Encryption Work?, continued
Public key/private key
Public key used to encrypt messages
Public key sent to other party to encode messages to be sent
back
Decoded with private key
Complex and slow
HTTPS
Secure communication over Internet
Encrypted using SSL/TLS protocol
Encodes messages using Web site’s public key, decoded with
private key
6-30
31. What Is the Purpose of a
Firewall?
Computer device that prevents unauthorized network
access
May be special-purpose computer or program
Organizations may have multiple firewalls
Perimeter firewalls sit outside organizational network
Internal firewalls are inside network
Packet-filtering firewalls examine source address, destination
address, and other data before allowing message to pass
May filter both incoming and outgoing messages
Access control list (ACL) encodes rules stating what
packets are allowed or prohibited
6-31
32. What Is a VPN and Why Are VPNs
Important?
Virtual private network
Uses Internet or private network to create
appearance of point-to-point connections
Uses public Internet to create appearance of private
network
Client and server have point-to-point connection
called tunnel
Private pathway over shared network
Secure, encrypted communications
6-32
33. How Does the Knowledge in This
Chapter Help Dee?
Dee and salespeople use thin client computers
Dee creates blog entries on Web pages using Moveable Type
Salespeople use pages served by Moveable Type
Client computers contain VPN client software
Interacts with VPN server via Internet
Secure, private connections
Firewalls stop traffic not addressed to VPN server
Salespeople know how to use VPN
6-33
34. How Does the Knowledge in This
Chapter Help Dee?, continued
IT department cannot schedule resources to setup
blog server in timely fashion
Will not allow outside person to do setup
Would then have access to system
Consultant can create server on unprotected test
server
Can be copied onto network server after acceptance
Requires some internal IT labor
Consultant could include Trojan horse virus or malware
Install only software from known sources
Code should not reside on production server
6-34
35. How Does the Knowledge in This
Chapter Help Dee?, continued
Dee negotiates with IT department
Threatens to set up own system of user Ids and
passwords
Says she will set up blog on public server
Would cause confusion that would add to IT
department’s work
Her proposal is the lesser of two evils
6-35