This document provides vocabulary definitions and assessment questions related to Chapter 5 Section 3 on democracy and Greece's Golden Age. It defines key terms like direct democracy, classical art, tragedy, comedy, and philosophers. It also summarizes details about important figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The assessment questions probe topics such as Pericles' strengthening of Athenian democracy, battle strategies in the Peloponnesian War, and debates over whether Pericles' rule was a golden age.

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CHAPTER 5 SECTION 3
Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Vocabulary and Assessment Questions
Pages 134 - 136

2. VOCABULARY
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Direct democracy
A government in which citizens rule directly
rather than through representatives.

3. Classical art
 The art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which
harmony, order, and proportion were
emphasized.

4. Tragedy
 A serious form of drama dealing with the
downfall of a heroic or noble character.

5. Comedy
 A humorous form of drama that often
includes slapstick and satire.

6. Peloponnesian War
 A war lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which
Athenians and allies were defeated by Sparta
and its allies.

7. Philosopher
 A thinker who uses logic and reason to
investigate the nature of the universe, human
society, and morality.

8. Socrates
 Greek philosopher who was a critic of
Sophists. He believed that absolute standards
did exist for truth and justice.

9. Plato
A student of Socrates. He wrote down the
conversations of Socrates and The
Republic, invisioning a perfectly governed
society: farmers and artisans, wariors, and the
ruling class.

10. Aristotle
Student of Plato. Opened his school “Lyceum.”
He questioned the nature of the world and of
human belief, thought and knowledge.
Invented a method for arguing according to the
rules of logic.

11. Questions
3. What steps did Pericles take to strengthen
democracy in Athens?
He made public offices paid positions – more
citizens could take part in government.

12. 4. What were the battle strategies of Athens
and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens: avoid land battles, strike with superior
navy.
Sparta: Draw Athenians into a land battle and
use superior army.

13. 5. Why do you think some Athenians found the
ideas of Socrates so disturbing?
 They may have thought he threatened
traditional ways of life by encouraging students
to question vlues and beliefs.

14. 6. How does the concept of hubris from Greek
tragedy apply to Poloponnesian War?
 Athenians were proud of their navy and may
have underestimated Sparta.

15. 7. Was the rule of Pericles a “golden age” for
Athens?
Yes. Expansion of democracy and a flowering
of arts.
No. Destructive war.