This document discusses basic router configuration including interface configuration, viewing and saving configuration files, Cisco IOS image files, backing up and restoring configurations, using CDP and Telnet, and checking network connectivity. It provides examples of commands used for router configuration and troubleshooting.

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Basic Router Configuration
Chapter 5

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Chapter Objectives
 Perform interface configuration
 View, save and erase configuration files
 Explain Router IOS image files
 Backup and restore Cisco IOS
 Backup and restore router configuration
 Use CDP
 Use Telnet
 Check network connectivity

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Recall - I
 Various router components include:
 Processor
 ROM
 RAM
 Flash
 NVRAM
 Configuration Register
 Different ROM components include:
 POST
 Bootstrap Program

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Recall - II
 Mini-IOS
 ROM Monitor
 Different modes for accessing a router CLI include:
 User Exec Mode
 Privileged Exec Mode
 Global Configuration Mode
 Router administrative function include:
 Assigning hostname
 Assigning banners
 setting password

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Router Interfaces
 Router interfaces provide connection between the
host and the network
 Interfaces supported by Cisco routers include:
 ISDN
 ATM
 FDDI
 Ethernet
 Fast Ethernet
 Gigabit Ethernet
 Token ring

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Case Study
The Blue Diamond steel company, Gujarat branch has
recently opened a branch at Hyderabad. The
Software management department of Hyderabad
branch urgently requires a team of eleven software
engineers for their project. The department is not able
to exchange information regarding the same with the
Recruitment department of the Gujarat. This is mainly
because serial interface is not responding.

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Problem
The network administrator Paul finds it difficult and
time consuming to get the circuit number and phone
number of the respective link using the network map

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Solution
Add description to an interface

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Router Configuration Files
 The configuration files also contain the commands
that are used to configure the router
 Whenever you create or change the router
configuration, it is required to save the changes to
the configuration files
 The configuration files are located in the RAM,
NVRAM or TFTP server

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IOS Processes for Configuration Files
Source Destination Command IOS Process
RAM NVRAM copy running-config startup-
config
Overwrite
RAM TFTP copy running-config tftp Overwrite
NVRAM RAM copy startup-config running-
config
Merge
NVRAM TFTP copy startup-config tftp Overwrite
TFTP RAM copy tftp running-config Merge
TFTP NVRAM copy tftp startup-config Overwrite
CLI RAM configure terminal Merge

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Router IOS Image Files
 The router saves configuration files and IOS image
files in the flash memory
 Two types of routers based on the location of the
IOS image include:
 Run from Flash (RFF) router
 Run from RAM (RFR) router
 The letter R after the model number identifies a
Run-from-RAM router

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Advantages of using a RFF Image
 An RFF image is loaded directly to the router when
the router boots
 Advantages of using a RFF Image include:
 Reduced Corruption
 Faster Boot

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Process of Loading an IOS from RFR
Router
 The RFR routers load the image from the flash
memory into the DRAM

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Upgrading IOS Images
 IOS images can be upgraded from a remote FTP
server
 RFF images can be upgraded in two ways:
 Dual Flash Banks
 Flash Load Helper (FLH)

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Points to Remember before backing
up Cisco IOS
 The workstation runs TFTP server software
 The router and workstation have an Ethernet
connection made with crossover cable
 The workstation and Ethernet interface of the router
exist on the same subnet
 The copy flash tftp command gets IP address of the
workstation when you backup the image from the
router flash
 The available space in flash can store the image copy

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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP)
 CDP gives the information about locally attached
and remote devices in the network
 It also gives the information about hardware and
protocol of the neighboring devices in the network
 To get the information about the CDP global
parameters that can be configured on Cisco devices
using the show cdp command

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Telnet
 Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that connects the
router to remote devices
 It allows you to get all the information about the
routers and run programs on the routers
 The Telnet program allows you to reconfigure or
check the routers and switches without the console
cable

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Traceroute Output Options
Output Options Description
* Specifies that the wait time expired or the device failed to respond
A Specifies that a remote device filtered the trace packet
U Specifies that the device port is unreachable
H Specifies that the host on the destination network segment was
unreachable
I Indicates that the user interrupted the traceroute process
N Specifies that the destination network segment was unreachable
P Specifies that the device does not support traceroute
T Specifies that the trace packet has exceeded configuration timeout
? Indicates that the trace type in the trace packet was not identifiable

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Summary - I
 A router interface provides connection between the user
host and the network
 Cisco routers support interfaces such as serial, ISDN,
ATM, FDDI, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and
Token ring
 The interface command allows you to configure a router
interface
 All the interfaces are disabled by default. The no shutdown
command allows you to bring up a particular interface
 Router interface configuration includes configuring ip
address, clock rate, bandwidth parameter and description

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Summary - II
 The following show commands enable you to verify the
router interfaces
 show interface
 show ip interface
 show ip interface brief
 show protocols
 show controllers
 The Cisco routers allow you to view, save and erase the
configuration files
 A backup copy of the existing IOS image is if the new
IOS image is not properly upgraded on the router

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Summary - III
 Any changes made to the router configuration are
stored in the running-config file. You can use the
copy command to save the changes to startup
config file, flash or TFTP server
 The CDP global parameters include CDP timer and
CDP holdtime
 Telnet is a virtual terminal protocol that connects the
router to remote devices. It allows you to get
information about the routers and the programs
running on the routers

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Summary - IV
 The show ip route and show interfaces commands
allow you to troubleshoot the IOS
 The ping and traceroute commands allow you to
check the connectivity of your router with the remote
devices
 The debug command enables you to view the data
packet transfer statistics at a particular time