VESIT WORKSHOP SIMULATIONS.ppt

Workshop On CCNA Simulations
On Packet Tracer
By
Bhushan Jadhav
Assistant Professor
Thadomal Shahani Engineering
College,Bandra
(CCNA/MCSA/RHCE)
bhushan.jadhav@tsec.edu

Sr.No Topic Name
1 Study of Packet Tracer software interface
2 Basic Configuration of router
3 Assigning ipv4 & ipv6 addresses to the interfaces of the routers
4 Configuration of DHCP
5 Configuration of NAT
6 Configuration Of RIPv2
7 Configuration Of EIGRP
8 Configuration Of OSPF
9 Configuration of PPP
10 Access List Configuration
11 Configuration of switch and Configure VLANs on the router

1) Packet Tracer
 Packet Tracer is a Cisco router simulator that can be
utilized in training and education, but also in research
for simple computer network simulations.
 The tool is created by Cisco Systems and provided for
free distribution to faculty, students, and alumni who
are or have participated in the Cisco Networking
Academy
 Packet Tracer is commonly used by Cisco Networking
Academy students working towards Cisco Certified
Network Associate (CCNA) certification. Due to
functional limitations, it is intended by Cisco to be
used only as a learning aid, not a replacement for
Cisco routers and switches.
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2) Basic Configuration of router
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CISCO 2500 series router
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DTE Cable DCE Cable
Configuring a serial interface
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 A router is a special type of computer. It has the
same basic components as a standard desktop
PC. It has a CPU, memory, a system bus, and
various input/output interfaces.
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Startup and Boot sequence
summary
 Checks hardware -POST
 Loads bootstrap
 Loads operating system
 Loads configuration file
 Stored in NVRAM after setup
 Also available from TFTP server
 If not Configuration enters setup mode through the
console
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Router Components: RAM
RAM has the following characteristics and functions:
 Stores routing tables
 Holds ARP cache
 Holds fast-switching cache
 Performs packet buffering as shared RAM
 Maintains packet-hold queues
 Provides temporary memory for the configuration file
of a router while the router is powered on
 Loses content when a router is powered down or
restarted
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Router Components: NVRAM
NVRAM has the following characteristics and
functions:
 Provides storage for the startup configuration file
 Retains content when a router is powered down
or restarted
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Router Components: Flash memory
Flash memory has the following characteristics
and functions:
 Holds the IOS image
 Allows software to be updated without
removing and replacing chips on the
processor
 Retains content when a router is powered
down or restarted
 Can store multiple versions of IOS software
 Is a type of electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)
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Router Components: ROM
ROM has the following characteristics and
functions:
 Maintains instructions for power-on self test
(POST) diagnostics
 Stores bootstrap program and basic operating
system software
 Requires replacing pluggable chips on the
motherboard for software upgrades
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Router Components: Interfaces
Interfaces have the following characteristics and
functions:
 Connect routers to a network for packet entry and
exit
 Can be on the motherboard or on a separate
module
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Router LED indicators
 If a LED is off when the interface is active and is
correctly connected, a problem may be indicated
 If an interface is extremely busy, its LED will always be
on
 The green OK LED to the right of the AUX port will be
on after the system initializes correctly

running-config
IOS (running)
startup-config IOS
ios (partial)
Bootup program
Executing adds, moves, and
changes
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Router Configuration
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Cisco IOS Software
 Basic routing and
switching functions
 Reliable and secure
access to networked
resources
 Network scalability
Router> show version
…<output omitted>…
cisco 2620 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x102) with 59392K/6144K
bytes of memory
Router>show flash
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CLI command modes
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#

exit
end
Using exit, end and Control-Z
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Router#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
Router#show startup-config
!
version 12.0
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
!
ip subnet-zero
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
shutdown
!
The startup-config file now
identical to running-config
and the router will also have
these changes if the router
reboots.
copy running-config startup-config
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Router# copy running-config startup-config
Or
Router# copy running startup
OR
Router# copy run start
OR
Any usage of the command or parameters, so that they are still uniquely recognizable.
WARNING
 Using an incorrect configuration file name could overwrite the router’s IOS in flash, as the router believes you
are trying to copy a blank file into flash.
Router#copy running-config start-up
**** NOTICE ****
Flash load helper v1.0
This process will accept the copy options and then terminate
the current system image to use the ROM based image for the copy.
Routing functionality will not be available during that time.
If you are logged in via telnet, this connection will terminate.
Users with console access can see the results of the copy operation.
---- ******** ----
Proceed? [confirm]^C
%Copy cancelled by user request.
Router#
Incorrect file name!
Press <control> C

Router# copy running-config startup-config
Or
Router# copy running startup
OR
Router# copy run start
OR
Any usage of the command or parameters, so that they are still uniquely recognizable.
WARNING
 This is also incorrect, and will overwrite the startup-config with a blank file.
Router#copy runningconfig startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
?Bad filename
Router#
Incorrect file name!
Press <control> C

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show startup-config
show running-config
These commands can only be done in privilege mode
because they display password information.
1
Displaying the config files

Router>ena
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#?
Configure commands:
aaa Authentication, Authorization and Acc..
access-list Add an access list entry
alias Create command alias
appletalk Appletalk global configuration commands
arap Appletalk Remote Access Protocol
arp Set a static ARP entry
<text omitted>
Router(config)#exit
00:03:20: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by con
Router#
Router(config)#interface interface
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#router routing-protocol
Router(config-router)#exit
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Message each time you exit “global
configuration mode”
Must be in privileged mode
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Router# conf t (abbreviated)
Router(config)# router protocol
Router(config-router)# (commands)
Router(config-router)# exit
Router(config)# exit
Router#
Router(config)# interface type port
Router(config-if)# (commands)
Router(config-if)# end (or Control-Z)
Router#
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Examining the show commands
 show interfaces – Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces on the
router. To view the statistics for a specific interface, enter the show
interfaces command followed by the specific interface and port number.
 show controllers serial – Displays information-specific to the interface
hardware
 show clock – Shows the time set in the router
 show hosts – Displays a cached list of host names and addresses
 show users – Displays all users who are connected to the router
 show history – Displays a history of commands that have been entered
 show flash – Displays information about flash memory and what IOS files are
stored there
 show version – Displays information about the router and the IOS that is
running in RAM
 show ARP – Displays the ARP table of the router
 show protocol – Displays the global and interface specific status of any
configured Layer 3 protocols
 show startup-configuration – Displays the saved configuration located
in NVRAM
 show running-configuration – Displays the configuration currently
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Router>show interface ethernet 0
Ethernet0 is administratively down, line protocol is down , using hub 0
Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.7b3a.cf84 (bia 0010.7b3a.cf84)
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input never, output 01:05:35, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
0 input packets with dribble condition detected
63 packets output, 11676 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
Status MAC Address
Routing
metric
information
(later)
Data link
encapsulation
(Ethernet-II)
ARP cache entries timer
show interfaces <interface>
command

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address <ip address> <netmask>
Configuring an IP Address on an interface…

show ip interface
command
 A serial interface will not show “up” and “up” unless
both ends are properly configured (mostly) and a the
no shutdown command is used.
 If one router’s configuration looks okay, check the
other router’s configuration.
Router# show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0 131.108.1.11 YES manual up up
Serial0 198.135.2.49 YES manual administratively down down
What is wrong here? The administrator has either done a
“shutdown” on the interface or has forgotten to do a “no shutdown”.

Lab
Real world
 On serial links that are directly interconnected, as in a lab environment,
one side must be considered a DCE and provide a clocking signal.
 The clock is enabled and speed is specified with the clock rate
command.
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

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RouterB(config)#inter serial 1
RouterB(config-if)#clock rate ?
Speed (bits per second)
1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 56000 64000 2000000 4000000
<300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list above
RouterB(config-if)#clock rate 64000
RouterB(config-if)#
RouterB DCE
cable
RouterA DTE
cable

Configuring a router name
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname Tokyo
Tokyo(config)#
Mistake…
Should be…
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Configuring router passwords
Not recommended, clear text
Router(config)#enable secret <password>
Use this command instead, password is encryped
Encrypts the passwords
above, but…

Deleting Your Router’s
Configuration
 To delete your router’s configuration
 Router#erase startup-config
OR
 Router#write erase
 Router#reload
 Router will startup again, but in setup mode, since
startup-config file does not exists
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Router# Configuration Of terminal
Router(config)#
 Type exit or Ctrl-Z to return
Router(config)#hostname SVIT
Tokyo(config)#
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password <password >
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3) Assigning IPV4 Address on
Router
 Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
 Router(config-if)# ip address <ip address > <netmask >
 Router(config)#interface serial 0/0
 Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000
 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
 Router#copy running-config startup-config
 Router#erase startup-config
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Assigning IPV6 Address on
Router
 The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the
'x's are one to four hexadecimal digits of the eight
16-bit pieces of the address.
 Examples:
ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:ABCD:EF01:2345:6789
2001:DB8:0:0:8:800:200C:417A
_________________________________________
____
2001:DB8:0:0:8:800:200C:417A a unicast
address FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 a multicast
address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 the loopback
address 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 the unspecified
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4)CONFIGURATION OF DHCP
 Router>enable
 Router#conf t
 Router(config)#host R1
 R1(config)#int fa0/0
 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
 R1(config-if)#exit
 R1(config)#ip dhcp pool ip10
 R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
 R1(dhcp-config)#default 192.168.10.1
 R1(dhcp-config)#exit
 R1(config)#exit
 R1#copy running-config startup-config

Now on pc make IP configuration dhcp to get automatic IP-Address

5) Network Address Translation

NAT
 Router>enable
 Router#configure terminal
 Router(config)#int f
 Router(config)#int fastEthernet 0/0
 Router(config-if)#ip address 209.157.1.1 255.255.0.0
 Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
 Router(config-if)#exit
 Router(config)#int fastEthernet 1/0
 Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
 Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 10.100.1.1 209.157.1.1
 Router(config)#exit
 Router#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
--- 209.157.1.1 10.100.1.1 --- ---

Routing
 Static Routing
 Static routing is simply
the process of manually
entering routes into a
device's routing table
via a configuration file
that is loaded when the
routing device starts up
 Can be implemented
using ip route
command
 Dynamic Routing
 Routing table is updated
autometically
 Dynamic routing protocols are
supported by software
applications running on the
routing device (the router) which
dynamically learn network
destinations and how to get to
them and also advertise those
destinations to other routers.
 Can be implemnted using
following routing protocols .
 RIP
 IGRP
 EIGRP
 OSPF
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Routing and Routing Protocols
A) Static routing
 ip route command to manually Configuration Of a static
route.
 administrative distance is an optional parameter that
indicates the reliability of a route.
 Route can be Configuration Of by outgoing interface or
next hop ip address.
 default route is given by ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-
hop-address | outgoing interface ]
 router(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0
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2) Dynamic Routing
Two types of dynamic routing:
 Distance vector
 Link-state
routing protocols:
 Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
routed protocols :
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
 Autonomous systems - 16-bit identification number
 Routing protocols, e.g. Cisco IGRP, require assignment of a unique AS
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Router 0
 Router>enable
 Router#
 Router#configure terminal.
 Router(config)#int serial 2/0
 Router(config-if)#no shut
 Router(config)#int fa0/0
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Router 1
 Router>enable
 Router#
 Router(config)#int s2/0
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Routing After Configuration On Router 0
 Router(config)#router rip
 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
 Router(config-router)#exit
 Output on router 0
 Router#show ip route
 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
 R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.50.2, 00:00:05,
Serial2/0
 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
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 Router(config)#router rip
 Output on router 1
 R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:14,
Serial2/0
 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
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7a) IGRP
 IGRP uses the following metrics:
 Bandwidth – The lowest bandwidth value in the
path
 Delay – The cumulative interface delay along the
path
 Reliability – The reliability on the link toward the
destination as determined by the exchange of
keepalives
 Load – The load
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 RouterA(config) #router igrp as-number
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EIGRP
 EIGRP is a Cisco proprietary enhanced distance
vector routing protocol.
 It is an enhanced distance vector routing protocol.
 It uses unequal cost load balancing.
 It uses a combination of distance vector and link-state features
(hybrid).
 It uses Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to calculate the
shortest path.
 Routing updates are multicast using 224.0.0.10 triggered by
topology changes. Max hop 255
RA(config-router)# router eigrp
autonomous-system-number
RA(config-router)# network network-number
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Router 0
 Router>enable
 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with
CNTL/Z.
 Router(config)#interface s2/0
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Router 1
 Router>en
 Router#config terminal
 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
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 Router(config)#router eigrp 10
OUTPUT
FastEthernet0/0
 D 192.168.3.0/24 [90/20514560] via 192.168.2.2,

 Router(config)#router eigrp 10
 Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
OUTPUT
FastEthernet0/0

8) OSPF
 OSPF is a nonproprietary link-state routing
protocol.
 It is a link-state routing protocol.
 It is an open standard routing protocol described in
RFC 2328.
 The SPF algorithm is used to calculate the lowest
cost to a destination.
 Routing updates are flooded as topology changes
occur.
# router ospf process-id
# network net-address wildcard-mask area area-id
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Router 0
 Router>enable
 Router#conf t
CNTL/Z.
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Router 1
 Router>enable
 Router#conf t
CNTL/Z.

Router 2
 Router>enable
 Router#conf t
CNTL/Z.
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 Router(config)#router ospf 10
 Router(config-router)#network 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255
area 0
OUTPUT
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.20.2, 00:02:05,
Serial2/0
O 192.168.40.0/24 [110/1562] via 192.168.20.2, 00:02:05,
Serial2/0

area 0
OUTPUT
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.20.1, 00:03:38,
Serial2/0
C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.40.2, 00:02:12,
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area 0
OUTPUT
O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/1563] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:06,
Serial2/0
O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/1562] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:06,
Serial2/0
O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/782] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:06,
Serial2/0
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PPPOE
 Router(config-if)#pppoe enable
 Router(config)#interface virtual-Template 1
 Router(config-if)#ip unnumbered fa0/0
 Router(config-if)#peer default ip address pool mypool
 Router(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
 Router(config)#vpdn enable
 Router(config)#vpdn-group mygroup
 Router(config-vpdn)#accept-dialin
 Router(config-vpdn-acc-in)#protocol pppoe
 Router(config)#ip local pool mypool 1.1.1.10 1.1.1.20
 Router(config)#username vesit pass
 Router(config)#username vesit password 1

Access List
 Router#config terminal
CNTL/Z.
 Router(config)#ip access-list standard 11
 Router(config-std-nacl)#deny host 192.168.10.2
 Router(config-std-nacl)#permit any

Access List
 Router(config-std-nacl)#exit
 Router(config)#interface fa0/0
 Router(config-if)#ip access-group 11 in
 Router#show access-lists
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VLAN on Switch
 Switch>enable
 Switch#vlan database
 Switch(vlan)#vlan 10 name A
 Switch(vlan)#vlan 20 name B
 Switch(vlan)#exit
 Switch#configure terminal
 Switch(config)#int fa0/2
 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
 Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
 Switch(config-if)#int fa0/3
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 Switch(config-if)#end
 Switch#configure terminal
 Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
 Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
 Switch(config-if)#end
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VLAN on Router
CNTL/Z.
 Router(config-if)#no shutdown
 Router(config-if)#int fa0/0.1
 Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1
 Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 Router(config-subif)#int fa0/0.2
 Router(config-subif)#int fa0/0.3

VESIT WORKSHOP SIMULATIONS.ppt

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