This document provides an overview of basic principles of animal form and function. It discusses how:
- Animal form and function are correlated at different levels of organization from cells to organ systems. An animal's size and shape affect how it interacts with its environment.
- Physical constraints like size, shape, and environment determine an animal's abilities and influence evolutionary convergence.
- Exchange of energy and materials with the environment depends on surface area and internal structures for diffusion. More complex body plans facilitate exchange through features like folded surfaces.
- Tissues are composed of specialized cells that combine into organs and organ systems through hierarchical organization. The four main tissue types each have distinct structures suited to their functions.
- Coordination and control within
Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of most plants and are where photosynthesis takes place. They generally consist of a flattened blade and a stalk called a petiole. Leaf shape, vein patterns, and arrangement are used to identify and classify plants. Leaves vary in structure between monocots and dicots, with monocots typically having parallel veins and dicots having branching veins. The structures of leaves include the cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll containing chloroplasts, and stomates for gas exchange. Stomates open during the day for photosynthesis and close at night to prevent water loss.
This document discusses the fundamental concepts of biology, including the building blocks of life, cellular organization, challenges of life in the sea, reproduction, and the diversity of life. The key organic compounds that make life possible are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Cells are the basic units of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Marine organisms must adapt to challenges like salinity, temperature variations, and surface area to volume ratios. Reproduction ensures the perpetuation of species through asexual and sexual strategies. Natural selection and evolution have led to the vast diversity of life forms in the ocean.
This document summarizes plant mineral nutrition and the nitrogen cycle. It discusses how plants absorb essential elements and classifies them as macronutrients or micronutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are identified as important macronutrients. The nitrogen cycle is then described, including nitrogen fixation by nitrogen-fixing bacteria through symbiotic root nodules in legumes. The key steps of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification are outlined.
This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 1 of a biochemistry textbook. It introduces the basic chemical elements that make up living organisms, important biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. It describes the structures of DNA and RNA, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure. It also discusses energy flow in living systems, the evolution of life, and how biochemistry draws from other disciplines like chemistry, physics, genetics and more.
The document discusses the structure and function of the plasma membrane. It notes that the plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that forms a fluid mosaic with embedded proteins. This structure allows the membrane to regulate what passes in and out of the cell while maintaining the cell's shape. The document also outlines the different types of passive transport including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport. It describes active transport processes like pumps and endocytosis that require cellular energy to move molecules against gradients.
1 - Microbial World and Prokaryotic Cell AnatomyRachel Belton
This document provides an overview of microbial cells and their structures. It discusses the three domains of life and classifies microbes into archaea, bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and viruses. It describes the structures of prokaryotic cells including their shapes, cell walls, flagella, pili, and plasma membranes. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are compared in terms of their cell wall structures. The roles of important cell structures like capsules, cell walls, and plasmids are also summarized.
This document summarizes a seminar on cell organelles presented by Dr. Simi M. The seminar covered the major cell organelles including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and ribosomes. It described the structure and functions of each organelle, highlighting their roles in processes like protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, cellular respiration, waste disposal, and more. The history of the discovery of each organelle was also briefly outlined.
This document provides an overview of General Biology 1012, including learning objectives, units, and chapter review questions. Unit 1 discusses the meaning and scope of biology, the origin and nature of life, and scientific methods. The origin of life is still debated, but the modern theory of chemical evolution proposes that life arose gradually through chemical reactions on early Earth around 3.8 billion years ago. Scientific methods involve making observations and hypotheses, conducting experiments and tests, and using results to evaluate and refine hypotheses. The goal is to establish scientific understanding through falsifiable explanations.
Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of most plants and are where photosynthesis takes place. They generally consist of a flattened blade and a stalk called a petiole. Leaf shape, vein patterns, and arrangement are used to identify and classify plants. Leaves vary in structure between monocots and dicots, with monocots typically having parallel veins and dicots having branching veins. The structures of leaves include the cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll containing chloroplasts, and stomates for gas exchange. Stomates open during the day for photosynthesis and close at night to prevent water loss.
This document discusses the fundamental concepts of biology, including the building blocks of life, cellular organization, challenges of life in the sea, reproduction, and the diversity of life. The key organic compounds that make life possible are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Cells are the basic units of life and can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Marine organisms must adapt to challenges like salinity, temperature variations, and surface area to volume ratios. Reproduction ensures the perpetuation of species through asexual and sexual strategies. Natural selection and evolution have led to the vast diversity of life forms in the ocean.
This document summarizes plant mineral nutrition and the nitrogen cycle. It discusses how plants absorb essential elements and classifies them as macronutrients or micronutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are identified as important macronutrients. The nitrogen cycle is then described, including nitrogen fixation by nitrogen-fixing bacteria through symbiotic root nodules in legumes. The key steps of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification are outlined.
This document summarizes the key topics covered in Chapter 1 of a biochemistry textbook. It introduces the basic chemical elements that make up living organisms, important biomolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. It describes the structures of DNA and RNA, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure. It also discusses energy flow in living systems, the evolution of life, and how biochemistry draws from other disciplines like chemistry, physics, genetics and more.
The document discusses the structure and function of the plasma membrane. It notes that the plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that forms a fluid mosaic with embedded proteins. This structure allows the membrane to regulate what passes in and out of the cell while maintaining the cell's shape. The document also outlines the different types of passive transport including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated transport. It describes active transport processes like pumps and endocytosis that require cellular energy to move molecules against gradients.
1 - Microbial World and Prokaryotic Cell AnatomyRachel Belton
This document provides an overview of microbial cells and their structures. It discusses the three domains of life and classifies microbes into archaea, bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and viruses. It describes the structures of prokaryotic cells including their shapes, cell walls, flagella, pili, and plasma membranes. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are compared in terms of their cell wall structures. The roles of important cell structures like capsules, cell walls, and plasmids are also summarized.
This document summarizes a seminar on cell organelles presented by Dr. Simi M. The seminar covered the major cell organelles including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and ribosomes. It described the structure and functions of each organelle, highlighting their roles in processes like protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, cellular respiration, waste disposal, and more. The history of the discovery of each organelle was also briefly outlined.
This document provides an overview of General Biology 1012, including learning objectives, units, and chapter review questions. Unit 1 discusses the meaning and scope of biology, the origin and nature of life, and scientific methods. The origin of life is still debated, but the modern theory of chemical evolution proposes that life arose gradually through chemical reactions on early Earth around 3.8 billion years ago. Scientific methods involve making observations and hypotheses, conducting experiments and tests, and using results to evaluate and refine hypotheses. The goal is to establish scientific understanding through falsifiable explanations.
This document provides an overview of biochemistry as taught in a 3/5 ECTS credit course at Dambi Dollo University. It introduces biochemistry as the study of chemical processes in living organisms, covering topics such as the four main biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), enzyme catalysis, and the hierarchical structures of proteins. The document also discusses how biochemistry relates to other disciplines like genetics, physiology and pathology. Key areas of biochemistry covered include metabolism, molecular genetics, and the structure and function of biological molecules.
This document discusses epithelial tissue, which lines both external and internal surfaces of the body. There are four basic tissue types in the human body including epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue performs protective, secretory, absorptive, and glandular functions. Epithelial tissue can be classified as simple or stratified, with simple epithelium consisting of cells resting on a basement membrane in a single layer and stratified epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells. Examples of different epithelial tissue types are provided.
The document discusses various techniques used in the study of plant development biology, including free hand sectioning, squash or smear technique, fixation, staining, embedding, and maceration of tissues. Free hand sectioning is used to study structural organization and involves cutting stem or leaf specimens without a supporting matrix. The squash or smear technique is useful for counting chromosomes and studying their structure. Various fixatives, stains, and embedding methods are described for preparing plant materials for microscopic examination.
1. The document provides an introduction to biochemistry including defining it as the science concerned with chemical basis of life and chemical constituents of living cells.
2. It describes the key components of living matter including water, inorganic substances, and organic biomolecules.
3. The key cellular organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and their functions are outlined.
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur throughout life. They are highly specific and contain an active site that allows only certain substrates to attach. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions and remain unchanged after reactions, allowing them to be reused many times. The rate of enzyme reactions can be affected by temperature, pH, and substrate/enzyme concentration, with most biological enzymes functioning best around 37°C and pH of 7.
Animal cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions. The cell membrane forms the outer boundary and regulates what enters and exits the cell. The cytoplasm holds organelles like the nucleus, which controls cell activities, mitochondria that generate energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex which transport proteins. Other organelles include vacuoles for storage, lysosomes for waste removal, and ribosomes for protein production. Together these organelles allow the cell to maintain structure, carry out specialized functions, and sustain life.
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert energy from food into a usable form called ATP. It takes place in two steps - glycolysis in the cytoplasm breaks down glucose, producing some ATP and precursor molecules, while the second step in mitochondria uses oxygen to break down these precursors and produce much more ATP. Fermentation is an alternative pathway used without oxygen to produce less ATP. Photosynthesis converts light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through reactions in chloroplasts.
Water makes up 50-90% of the human body and plays several important roles. It acts as a solvent, transports nutrients and wastes, regulates body temperature, and lubricates and cushions tissues. Water has unique properties like hydrogen bonding that allow it to exist in solid, liquid, and gas states and to dissolve many compounds. The major organic compounds in the body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as energy sources. Lipids include fats, phospholipids, and steroids and serve structural and insulating functions. Proteins are made of amino acids and serve many roles as enzymes, hormones, and structures. Nucleic acids like DNA
This document discusses various types of membrane transporters that move molecules across the plasma membrane. It describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane and the major transport proteins, including carrier proteins like uniporters, symporters, and antiporters, as well as channel proteins like gated channels (voltage-gated, ion-gated, ligand-gated, mechanically-gated) and non-gated channels. It also explains the different mechanisms of transport, including passive transport (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion), primary active transport (pumps like Na+/K+ ATPase), and secondary active transport (symport and antiport).
Metabolic processes are the chemical reactions that occur in the body and include both anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism involves building larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy, while catabolism breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy. Enzymes control the rates of metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reactions and are specific to certain substrates due to the shape of their active sites.
Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - animal cells and plant cells. Cells have several organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions. Organelles include the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane. In multicellular organisms, cells combine to form tissues like muscle and epithelial tissue. Multiple tissue types combine to create organs such as the heart and liver. Organ systems such as the circulatory and respiratory systems are made of different organs working together. The human body contains many organ systems that function as a whole to form a living organism.
A lipid is chemically defined as a substance that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Lipids are an important component of living cells. Together with carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are the main constituents of plant and animal cells. Cholesterol and triglycerides are lipids.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of histology. It defines histology as the study of microscopic anatomy. The document outlines the hierarchy of structural organization in the body from atoms to organ systems. It explains that students learn histology in order to understand how cells and tissues are arranged and specialized to perform functions. Methods of learning histology include practical sessions examining tissue samples under microscopes as well as theoretical learning through multiple choice and short answer questions.
Human tissues begin developing in the embryo from fertilization to 3 weeks of age, forming the three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which give rise to the four main tissue types. Some tissues have stem cells that allow regeneration, while others like nervous tissue do not renew. The approximately 200 cell types in the body differentiate through gene expression to specialize in structure and function. Differentiated cells then combine into tissues through an extracellular matrix to form the structures of organs and carry out the functions of the body.
The document lists and describes 9 major cell organelles:
1. The nucleus, which contains DNA and RNA and controls the cell.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum, which has two kinds - rough and smooth - and is involved in protein transport and lipid/toxin processing.
3. Ribosomes, which are dot-like structures that synthesize proteins and are either free-floating or attached to the ER.
4. The Golgi apparatus, which packages materials for export from the cell and modifies lipids and proteins.
5. Mitochondria, which are the primary energy producers and have their own DNA.
6. Chloroplasts in plant cells, which perform photosynthesis using
Water is essential for life due to its unique properties arising from its molecular structure and polarity. Water molecules are polar due to an uneven distribution of charge, with oxygen exerting a pull on shared electrons making it slightly negative and hydrogen slightly positive. This allows water to form hydrogen bonds between molecules, giving water high melting and boiling points, heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many other polar substances. Water's polarity allows it to act as a solvent and universal medium for critical biological and chemical processes on Earth.
This document summarizes the key characteristics and types of epithelial tissues. It discusses how epithelial tissues develop from germ layers and form cell junctions like tight junctions and desmosomes. The four main types of tissues are described as epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. Epithelial tissues are classified based on cell layers and shapes. Simple epithelia are single layered while stratified epithelia have multiple layers. Common epithelial tissues include squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional epithelia, which line various organs and cavities.
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It begins by defining biochemistry as the study of chemical processes within living organisms, from the basic cellular and molecular levels up to whole organisms. Biochemical reactions are responsible for metabolism, genetics, and all other life processes. Understanding biochemistry is important for gaining insights into disease pathogenesis, pharmacology, metabolism, and differences between organisms. The document then discusses the history and development of biochemistry as a field, its key branches and areas of focus, and its broad scope of studying the structures, properties, and catalytic functions of biomolecules and exploring problems in biology and medicine through a chemical lens.
The document discusses human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body functions. It describes different types of anatomy including gross, regional, systemic, surface, and microscopic anatomy. It also describes different areas of physiology including cell physiology, neurophysiology, and cardiovascular physiology. It lists and defines the 11 major organ systems of the body.
This document describes the hydrolysis of nucleic acids through acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed hydrolysis. It provides objectives, theories, and results of qualitative tests performed on DNA and RNA samples and their hydrolysates. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, yielding nucleosides, while DNA remains stable. Acid hydrolysis yields purine and pyrimidine bases and phosphoric acid. Though errors were made, the experiments helped understand nucleic acid hydrolysis and how to differentiate hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed nucleic acids using qualitative tests.
The document summarizes the major geographic regions of the United States. It describes 7 regions: 1) the Coastal Plain along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 2) the Appalachian Highlands west of the Coastal Plain, 3) the Canadian Shield wrapped around Hudson Bay, 4) the Interior Lowlands west of the Appalachians containing many rivers, 5) the Great Plains west of the Interior Lowlands, 6) the Rocky Mountains west of the Great Plains containing the Continental Divide, and 7) the Basin and Range located west of the Rockies with isolated mountain ranges and Death Valley.
The document provides an overview of key biology concepts such as the basic properties of life, cellular structure and function, metabolism, heredity, evolution, and ecology. It also discusses how biology can help address issues like population growth, feeding the world, and fighting diseases. The scientific process is outlined as a way for biologists to investigate biological questions and phenomena.
This document provides an overview of biochemistry as taught in a 3/5 ECTS credit course at Dambi Dollo University. It introduces biochemistry as the study of chemical processes in living organisms, covering topics such as the four main biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), enzyme catalysis, and the hierarchical structures of proteins. The document also discusses how biochemistry relates to other disciplines like genetics, physiology and pathology. Key areas of biochemistry covered include metabolism, molecular genetics, and the structure and function of biological molecules.
This document discusses epithelial tissue, which lines both external and internal surfaces of the body. There are four basic tissue types in the human body including epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue performs protective, secretory, absorptive, and glandular functions. Epithelial tissue can be classified as simple or stratified, with simple epithelium consisting of cells resting on a basement membrane in a single layer and stratified epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells. Examples of different epithelial tissue types are provided.
The document discusses various techniques used in the study of plant development biology, including free hand sectioning, squash or smear technique, fixation, staining, embedding, and maceration of tissues. Free hand sectioning is used to study structural organization and involves cutting stem or leaf specimens without a supporting matrix. The squash or smear technique is useful for counting chromosomes and studying their structure. Various fixatives, stains, and embedding methods are described for preparing plant materials for microscopic examination.
1. The document provides an introduction to biochemistry including defining it as the science concerned with chemical basis of life and chemical constituents of living cells.
2. It describes the key components of living matter including water, inorganic substances, and organic biomolecules.
3. The key cellular organelles such as nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and their functions are outlined.
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur throughout life. They are highly specific and contain an active site that allows only certain substrates to attach. Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions and remain unchanged after reactions, allowing them to be reused many times. The rate of enzyme reactions can be affected by temperature, pH, and substrate/enzyme concentration, with most biological enzymes functioning best around 37°C and pH of 7.
Animal cells contain organelles that carry out specific functions. The cell membrane forms the outer boundary and regulates what enters and exits the cell. The cytoplasm holds organelles like the nucleus, which controls cell activities, mitochondria that generate energy, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex which transport proteins. Other organelles include vacuoles for storage, lysosomes for waste removal, and ribosomes for protein production. Together these organelles allow the cell to maintain structure, carry out specialized functions, and sustain life.
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert energy from food into a usable form called ATP. It takes place in two steps - glycolysis in the cytoplasm breaks down glucose, producing some ATP and precursor molecules, while the second step in mitochondria uses oxygen to break down these precursors and produce much more ATP. Fermentation is an alternative pathway used without oxygen to produce less ATP. Photosynthesis converts light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen through reactions in chloroplasts.
Water makes up 50-90% of the human body and plays several important roles. It acts as a solvent, transports nutrients and wastes, regulates body temperature, and lubricates and cushions tissues. Water has unique properties like hydrogen bonding that allow it to exist in solid, liquid, and gas states and to dissolve many compounds. The major organic compounds in the body are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as energy sources. Lipids include fats, phospholipids, and steroids and serve structural and insulating functions. Proteins are made of amino acids and serve many roles as enzymes, hormones, and structures. Nucleic acids like DNA
This document discusses various types of membrane transporters that move molecules across the plasma membrane. It describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane and the major transport proteins, including carrier proteins like uniporters, symporters, and antiporters, as well as channel proteins like gated channels (voltage-gated, ion-gated, ligand-gated, mechanically-gated) and non-gated channels. It also explains the different mechanisms of transport, including passive transport (simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion), primary active transport (pumps like Na+/K+ ATPase), and secondary active transport (symport and antiport).
Metabolic processes are the chemical reactions that occur in the body and include both anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism involves building larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy, while catabolism breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy. Enzymes control the rates of metabolic reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reactions and are specific to certain substrates due to the shape of their active sites.
Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - animal cells and plant cells. Cells have several organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions. Organelles include the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplasts and cell membrane. In multicellular organisms, cells combine to form tissues like muscle and epithelial tissue. Multiple tissue types combine to create organs such as the heart and liver. Organ systems such as the circulatory and respiratory systems are made of different organs working together. The human body contains many organ systems that function as a whole to form a living organism.
A lipid is chemically defined as a substance that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Lipids are an important component of living cells. Together with carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are the main constituents of plant and animal cells. Cholesterol and triglycerides are lipids.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of histology. It defines histology as the study of microscopic anatomy. The document outlines the hierarchy of structural organization in the body from atoms to organ systems. It explains that students learn histology in order to understand how cells and tissues are arranged and specialized to perform functions. Methods of learning histology include practical sessions examining tissue samples under microscopes as well as theoretical learning through multiple choice and short answer questions.
Human tissues begin developing in the embryo from fertilization to 3 weeks of age, forming the three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm - which give rise to the four main tissue types. Some tissues have stem cells that allow regeneration, while others like nervous tissue do not renew. The approximately 200 cell types in the body differentiate through gene expression to specialize in structure and function. Differentiated cells then combine into tissues through an extracellular matrix to form the structures of organs and carry out the functions of the body.
The document lists and describes 9 major cell organelles:
1. The nucleus, which contains DNA and RNA and controls the cell.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum, which has two kinds - rough and smooth - and is involved in protein transport and lipid/toxin processing.
3. Ribosomes, which are dot-like structures that synthesize proteins and are either free-floating or attached to the ER.
4. The Golgi apparatus, which packages materials for export from the cell and modifies lipids and proteins.
5. Mitochondria, which are the primary energy producers and have their own DNA.
6. Chloroplasts in plant cells, which perform photosynthesis using
Water is essential for life due to its unique properties arising from its molecular structure and polarity. Water molecules are polar due to an uneven distribution of charge, with oxygen exerting a pull on shared electrons making it slightly negative and hydrogen slightly positive. This allows water to form hydrogen bonds between molecules, giving water high melting and boiling points, heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many other polar substances. Water's polarity allows it to act as a solvent and universal medium for critical biological and chemical processes on Earth.
This document summarizes the key characteristics and types of epithelial tissues. It discusses how epithelial tissues develop from germ layers and form cell junctions like tight junctions and desmosomes. The four main types of tissues are described as epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous. Epithelial tissues are classified based on cell layers and shapes. Simple epithelia are single layered while stratified epithelia have multiple layers. Common epithelial tissues include squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional epithelia, which line various organs and cavities.
This document provides an introduction to biochemistry. It begins by defining biochemistry as the study of chemical processes within living organisms, from the basic cellular and molecular levels up to whole organisms. Biochemical reactions are responsible for metabolism, genetics, and all other life processes. Understanding biochemistry is important for gaining insights into disease pathogenesis, pharmacology, metabolism, and differences between organisms. The document then discusses the history and development of biochemistry as a field, its key branches and areas of focus, and its broad scope of studying the structures, properties, and catalytic functions of biomolecules and exploring problems in biology and medicine through a chemical lens.
The document discusses human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body functions. It describes different types of anatomy including gross, regional, systemic, surface, and microscopic anatomy. It also describes different areas of physiology including cell physiology, neurophysiology, and cardiovascular physiology. It lists and defines the 11 major organ systems of the body.
This document describes the hydrolysis of nucleic acids through acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed hydrolysis. It provides objectives, theories, and results of qualitative tests performed on DNA and RNA samples and their hydrolysates. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis occurs only in RNA, yielding nucleosides, while DNA remains stable. Acid hydrolysis yields purine and pyrimidine bases and phosphoric acid. Though errors were made, the experiments helped understand nucleic acid hydrolysis and how to differentiate hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed nucleic acids using qualitative tests.
The document summarizes the major geographic regions of the United States. It describes 7 regions: 1) the Coastal Plain along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 2) the Appalachian Highlands west of the Coastal Plain, 3) the Canadian Shield wrapped around Hudson Bay, 4) the Interior Lowlands west of the Appalachians containing many rivers, 5) the Great Plains west of the Interior Lowlands, 6) the Rocky Mountains west of the Great Plains containing the Continental Divide, and 7) the Basin and Range located west of the Rockies with isolated mountain ranges and Death Valley.
The document provides an overview of key biology concepts such as the basic properties of life, cellular structure and function, metabolism, heredity, evolution, and ecology. It also discusses how biology can help address issues like population growth, feeding the world, and fighting diseases. The scientific process is outlined as a way for biologists to investigate biological questions and phenomena.
4th Grade Environmentall Days Field Trip, Fall 2015Heather Fogell
Student volunteers from Red Lion Area Senior High School run a hands-on, activity based ecology field trip for the district's 4th grade classes every year.
The document provides an overview of animal nutrition and digestion. It discusses that animals fall into three dietary categories - herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. The main stages of food processing in animals are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. Digestion occurs through specialized digestive organs and glands that break down food into smaller molecules for absorption. Homeostatic mechanisms regulate nutrient intake and storage to maintain energy balance.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts regarding the evolution of populations. It discusses how populations, rather than individual organisms, evolve over multiple generations through natural selection acting on genetic variations present in populations. These genetic variations arise from mutations and sexual recombination. The document outlines the Hardy-Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium in populations and the factors like natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow that can alter populations' genetic composition and drive evolution. It also examines how natural selection is the primary mechanism of adaptive evolution by increasing the frequency of genotypes that are better fitted to their environment.
This document provides information about vertebrate animals, beginning with their taxonomic classification and then describing key characteristics of major vertebrate groups including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It outlines defining anatomical features for each group as well as examples of orders, classes, and important vocabulary terms.
This document provides an overview of chapter 6 from Campbell Biology, 9th edition, which discusses cellular structure and function. It begins with definitions of key cellular concepts like prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It then summarizes the structures and functions of major cellular organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. It concludes by discussing the endosymbiotic theory of how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed bacteria within early eukaryotic cells. The document utilizes diagrams and micrographs to illustrate key cellular structures.
Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, introducing his theory of evolution by natural selection. He proposed that all species are descended from common ancestors and have changed over time through natural selection acting on inherited variation between individuals. This challenged traditional religious views of fixed, unchanging species. Darwin's theory explains the diversity of life, as well as observations like anatomical homologies between species and the evolution of traits like pesticide resistance. It launched a revolution in biology and remains influential today.
22 descent with modification a darwinian viewkindarspirit
This document provides an overview of Chapter 22 from Campbell Biology, Ninth Edition, which discusses Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. It summarizes Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he began developing his ideas about evolution. It also describes Darwin developing the theory over many years, influenced by thinkers like Malthus, Lyell, and Wallace. Darwin finally published On the Origin of Species in 1859, introducing his theory that natural selection drives evolution by preferentially propagating advantageous inherited traits.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Biologi atau ilmu hayat adalah kajian tentang kehidupan, dan organisme hidup, termasuk struktur, fungsi, pertumbuhan, evolusi, persebaran, dan taksonominya.[1] Ilmu biologi modern membahas pengetahuan yang sangat luas, eklektik, serta terdiri dari berbagai macam cabang dan subdisiplin. Secara umum, seluruh cabang keilmuan biologi disatukan oleh konsep dasar yang mengatur semua penelitian biologi, yaitu konsep tentang sel, gen, dan evolusi.
- The document discusses animal form and function, explaining how an animal's shape and size are correlated with and adapted to its physiological functions. It provides examples of how tissues, organs, and organ systems are arranged in animals in a way that allows for efficient energy use, waste removal, and exchange with the environment. Homeostasis and thermoregulation help animals regulate their internal environment to maintain optimal functioning.
The document discusses basic principles of animal form and function at multiple levels of organization. It covers how animal size, shape, and body plans are adapted to their environments and constrained by physical laws. It also summarizes the four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous - and how they are structured and classified. Finally, it examines how homeostasis, feedback control mechanisms, and both the endocrine and nervous systems help regulate an animal's internal environment.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology concepts related to animal form and function. It discusses the hierarchical organization of animal bodies from cells to tissues to organ systems. The four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue - are described. Key organ systems involved in digestion and absorption of nutrients in mammals are also outlined, including the oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The roles of these organs and their secretions in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and uptake of resulting nutrients are summarized.
The document discusses how the animal body is organized from cells to tissues to organs and organ systems. It focuses on the four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve tissue. Epithelial tissue forms sheets that cover surfaces and line cavities. Connective tissue provides structure and binds other tissues. Muscle tissue allows contraction. Nerve tissue transmits electrical signals. Tissues are combined into organs like skin, which contains all four tissue types, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
Lecture 4 tissue level of organizationanjali sinha
This document discusses the four basic tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and neural tissue. It focuses on epithelial and connective tissues. Epithelial tissues cover surfaces, line cavities and glands. Connective tissues provide structure and support to other tissues. The document classifies epithelia and describes epithelial cell connections, renewal and membranes. It also describes the components, functions and types of connective tissues including bone and cartilage.
The document discusses the hierarchical organization of animals from the cellular level to the organism level. Cells combine to form tissues, tissues combine to form organs, organs work together in organ systems, and organ systems function together to form the whole organism. The key levels of organization are the cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism. The four main tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. Organ systems include the circulatory, respiratory, digestive and others that work to exchange materials and regulate the internal environment.
This document summarizes different types of plant and animal tissues. It describes tissue as a group of cells that work together to perform a common function. It then discusses the two main types of plant tissues - meristematic and permanent tissues. It provides details on various simple and complex permanent tissues in plants. The document also summarizes the four primary types of animal tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues - and includes descriptions of their structures and functions.
The document discusses the four main types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It provides details on the structure and function of each tissue type, and describes some examples of each type, including stratified squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue, skeletal muscle, and neurons that make up nervous tissue. Overall, the document serves to classify and explain the primary tissue groups that combine to form organs and allow the body to function properly.
The document discusses the organization of the human body into compartments and tissues. It begins by describing the three major body cavities - the dorsal cavity, the cranial cavity, and the ventral cavity. It then discusses the different tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides information on the structure and functions of cells and their membranes. The key body tissues and organs are organized into functional compartments to carry out essential processes.
This document provides an introduction to the structure and function of the human body. It discusses the levels of organization from the chemical level to organ systems. The four main tissue types are described as nervous, muscle, epithelial and connective tissues. Anatomical terminology including body positions, planes, and directional terms are outlined. Homeostasis is introduced as the maintenance of a stable internal environment through feedback control systems that detect changes and trigger responses to correct deviations from normal ranges.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and its various subdisciplines. It discusses anatomy at different scales from the molecular level up to the organism level. The major organ systems of the body are also introduced, including their main functions. Standard anatomical terminology is emphasized as important for clear communication between medical professionals. Diagrams are included to illustrate key concepts.
The document discusses key concepts about animal form and function:
1. Despite their diversity, all animals face similar challenges of nourishment and exchange with the environment, and evolution has led to convergence in physical traits across species.
2. An animal's size and shape directly impact how it exchanges materials and energy with its surroundings. Complex body plans feature specialized structures that increase surface area for exchange.
3. At all levels from cells to organ systems, an animal's form supports its function. Animals harness chemical energy from food to power cellular work, biosynthesis, growth and reproduction.
4. An animal's metabolic rate and bioenergetic strategy depend on factors like temperature regulation needs and environment. Homeostasis
This document provides information on the four basic tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It describes each tissue type in detail, including their characteristic roles and functions. For epithelial tissue, it discusses the different classifications including simple and stratified epithelium as well as glandular tissues. It also covers the key components and functions of connective, muscle and nervous tissues.
This document provides an overview of muscle proteins and meat composition. It discusses the main components that make up muscle, including contractile proteins like myosin and actin, as well as connective tissue proteins like collagen and elastin. It describes the structure of muscle from the molecular level of muscle fibers up to the whole muscle level. Key concepts covered include the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, the roles of calcium and ATP in the contraction process, and how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence meat quality.
This document provides an overview of anatomy and the organ systems of the human body. It discusses anatomy at different scales from the molecular level to organs and organ systems. The 11 organ systems are introduced along with their major functions. These include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Figures are included to illustrate comparative anatomy, levels of organization, and the structures within each organ system.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body. It is the major component of connective tissues that make up several body parts, including tendons, ligaments, skin and muscles (1). Collagen has many important functions, including providing your skin with structure and strengthening your bones (
The document provides information about cell structure and function. It describes the key components of plant and animal cells including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts and cell wall. The functions of ribosomes, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis are explained. Specialized cell types are discussed like red blood cells, muscle cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Tissues, organs and organ systems are defined and examples are given to illustrate each level of organization.
The document discusses cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. It describes the structures and functions of animal and plant cells, including specialized cells like red blood cells, muscle cells, and root hair cells. Key differences are that plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, while animal cells do not. Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together, organs are structures made of multiple tissues, and organ systems consist of groups of organs that coordinate related functions in the body or plant.
This is an adaptation to the "Heads Up!" ipad / iphone game application made to review historical figures in Forensics. It could be used as a template for creating custom versions for your own curriculum's vocabulary.
The document discusses the process by which DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into proteins. It covers the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, the structures and components involved like DNA, RNA, ribosomes and tRNA, as well as the key steps of transcription and translation. Transcription involves RNA polymerase making an RNA copy of a gene's sequence, while translation occurs as ribosomes read the mRNA to assemble the polypeptide chain specified by the codons.
The document describes DNA structure and replication. It begins by discussing early evidence that DNA is the genetic material, including Griffith's experiments showing bacterial transformation and Hershey and Chase's experiments tracing phage DNA and proteins during infection. Watson and Crick then developed the first accurate double-helix model of DNA structure in 1953 based on Franklin's X-ray crystallography images, with base-pairing of A-T and C-G. The document concludes by explaining that DNA replication involves unwinding the double helix and using each strand as a template to build new complementary strands based on base-pairing rules, with many proteins involved.
This document discusses the chromosomal basis of inheritance and genetic linkage. It begins by explaining how Mendel's theories of heredity were later connected to chromosomes and genes having specific loci. It then discusses several of Thomas Hunt Morgan's experiments with fruit flies that provided evidence linking genes to chromosomes, including his discovery of sex-linked inheritance. The document outlines different systems of sex determination and inheritance patterns of sex-linked genes. It also explains how linkage affects inheritance and how genetic recombination through crossing over can produce new combinations of traits not seen in the parents.
1) The document summarizes a lecture on Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns based on Mendel's experiments with pea plants. It describes Mendel's experiments, the laws of segregation and independent assortment that he discovered, and how these laws establish the basic principles of heredity and genetics.
2) It explains key genetic concepts like dominant and recessive traits, genotypes and phenotypes, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. It also discusses how Mendel's laws relate to modern understanding of genes and chromosomes.
3) The document notes that while Mendel's work formed the basis of genetics, inheritance patterns are sometimes more complex than predicted by his simple models, such as when genes have multiple
The document summarizes two phyla - Porifera (sponges) and Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, anemones, hydras). It describes their key characteristics, structures, taxonomy, and life cycles. Sponges are the simplest multicellular organisms with no tissues; they have skeletal structures like spicules. Cnidarians have stinging cells called nematocysts and a sac-like body plan. Their life cycles may involve both asexual polyp and sexual medusa stages. The phyla are divided into classes based on their structural and morphological features.
This document provides guidelines for the typical format and sections of a science lab report, including: title page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and literature cited. It describes the purpose and content that should be included in each section, such as stating the hypothesis in the introduction and summarizing trends or results in the discussion. Tables and figures are described for effectively presenting numerical data in the results section. The document emphasizes that each section must build upon the previous ones and relate back to the original problem or objective stated in the introduction.
The document summarizes the phylum Mollusca. It is divided into four main classes: Gastropoda which includes snails and slugs, Bivalvia which includes clams and mussels, Cephalopoda which includes squid and octopus, and Polyplacophora which includes chitons. Molluscs are soft-bodied animals with bilateral symmetry and most secrete an external shell. They live in aquatic and terrestrial habitats and have well-developed organ systems including digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems.
Nematoda are commonly known as roundworms. They are abundant, with over 20,000 named species. Nematodes can be free-living or parasitic. They have cylindrical bodies, pseudocoeloms, and must shed their cuticles to grow. They have specialized tissues and organ systems. Reproduction is usually sexual but some undergo parthenogenesis. Nematodes use longitudinal muscles and a pressurized pseudocoelom to move in a spiral motion. They feed through a variety of modes including as microbivores, predators, and parasites of plants or animals. Parasitic nematodes like Ascaris, dog heartworm, and others can infect humans and other animals.
Flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical organisms with three main cell layers. They have organs for reproduction, musculature, and excretion. Their nervous tissue is concentrated at the front. They have a combined mouth and anus called a pharynx. There are three main classes of flatworms: Turbellaria which includes free-living flatworms like planaria found in freshwater and soil; Trematoda which are parasitic flukes like liver flukes and blood flukes; and Cestoda which are parasitic tapeworms with a scolex head and segmented bodies.
This document provides an overview of the key features and functionality of the unitedstreaming digital learning platform, including how to search for content, view video segments and related materials, save and share content, and utilize teacher tools. It also covers implementation strategies, copyright guidelines, professional development resources, and technical support information to help users effectively integrate unitedstreaming into instruction.
The document provides an overview of Discovery Streaming for educators, including a technology taxonomy, national educational technology standards, session goals, and instructions for setting up accounts, searching, playing/viewing videos, saving/downloading videos, exporting videos to other applications, devising practical applications, and practicing the tools.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
11. Fig. 40-4
.5 cm
Nutrients
Digestive
system
ining of small intestine
Mouth
Food
External environment
Animal
body
CO2 O2
Circulatory
system
Heart
Respiratory
system
Cells
Interstitial
fluid
Excretory
system
Anus
Unabsorbed
matter (feces)
Metabolic waste products
(nitrogenous waste)
Kidney tubules
10 µm
50µm
Lung tissue
81. Fig. 40-16
Sweat glands secrete
sweat, which evaporates,
cooling the body.
Thermostat in hypothalamus
activates cooling mechanisms.
Blood vessels
in skin dilate:
capillaries fill;
heat radiates
from skin.
Increased body
temperature
Decreased body
temperature
Thermostat in
hypothalamus
activates warming
mechanisms.
Blood vessels in skin
constrict, reducing
heat loss.
Skeletal muscles contract;
shivering generates heat.
Body temperature
increases; thermostat
shuts off warming
mechanisms.
Homeostasis:
Internal temperature
of 36–38°C
Body temperature
decreases;
thermostat
shuts off cooling
mechanisms.
84. Fig. 40-17
Organic molecules
in foodExternal
environment
Animal
body Digestion and
absorption
Nutrient molecules
in body cells
Carbon
skeletons
Cellular
respiration
ATP
Heat
Energy lost
in feces
Energy lost in
nitrogenous
waste
Heat
Biosynthesis
Heat
Heat
Cellular
work
90. Fig. 40-19
Elephant
Horse
Human
Sheep
DogCat
Rat
Ground squirrel
Mouse
Harvest mouse
Shrew
Body mass (kg) (log scale)BMR(LO2/hr)(Iogscale)
10–3 10–2
10–2
10–1
10–1
10
10
1
1 102
102
103
103
(a) Relationship of BMR to body size
Shrew
Mouse
Harvest mouse
Sheep
Rat Cat
Dog
Human
Horse
Elephant
BMR(LO2/hr)(perkg)
Ground squirrel
Body mass (kg) (log scale)
10–3
10–2
10–1
1 10 102
103
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
(b) Relationship of BMR per kilogram of body mass to body size
91. Fig. 40-19a
Shrew
Harvest mouse
Mouse
Ground squirrel
Rat
Cat Dog
Sheep
Human
Horse
Elephant
Body mass (kg) (log scale)
BMR(LO2/hr)(logscale)
(a) Relationship of BMR to body size
10–3
10–2
10–2
10–1
10–1
1
1
10 102
103
10
102
103
101. Fig. 40-21
Additional metabolism that would be
necessary to stay active in winterActual
metabolism
Arousals
Body
temperature
Outside
temperature
Burrow
temperature
Metabolicrate
(kcalperday)Temperature(°C)
June August October December February April
–15
–10
–5
0
5
15
10
25
20
35
30
0
100
200