This document provides an overview of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) including their hardware configuration, advantages, operation, memory mapping, and examples of ladder logic instructions. PLCs are digital electronic devices that can be programmed to control automated processes and machines. They operate by scanning inputs, executing a stored program to make logic decisions, and updating outputs. Common PLC instructions covered include timers, counters, moves, compares, math functions, and more. Examples are given to demonstrate how these instructions can be combined in ladder diagrams to automate processes like conveyor sorting systems.

1. Chapter 4 Fundamental of Programmable Logic Controller Industrial Electronics DEK 3113

5. HARDWARE CONFIGURATION OF PLC Laboratory Training set

9. Memory map/address

15. Car park system A simple car park control system allows only a maximum of 30 cars parking spaces. Every time a car comes in, an incoming sensor will add 1 and any car that goes out an outgoing sensor will deduct 1. If the car park is occupied with 30 cars at one time, a full sign will be lighted up to inform there is no vacancy. Use instruction CNTR for counting and DIFU and DIFD for the sensor.

18. Ladder Diagram Figure for example given Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3 Incoming Outgoing

21. Transfer data diagram Source input Channel 000 Destination Output Ch 100

22. Bit Channel/ Word 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 000 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 001 002 . . . 100 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 . 999

24. Example ladder diagram 00001 00002 00003 RED LIGHT 10000 Alarm Alarm Code #1 00001 MOV(21) #0001 101 MOV(21) #0002 101 00002 MOV(21) #0003 101 00003 MOV(21) #0000 101 00006 END Alarm Code #2 Alarm Code #3 Reset Alarm Code Display

26. Example 25313 TR0 CMP(20) #0020 HR1 25507 ( < ) 25506(=) 10001 10002 Green Light Red Light ADDR OP CODE DATA 0000 LD 25313 0001 OUT TR0 0002 CMP (20) #0020 HR1 0003 AND 25507 0004 OUT 10001 0005 LD TR 0 0006 AND 25506 0007 OUT 10002

28. The operation: 1. 2. Add #0001 + #1234 = #1235 3. The result: ADD(30) HR000 #1234 HR000 00007 ADDR OP CODE DATA 0000 LD 00007 0001 ADD(30) 0002 HR000 #1234 HR000 0003 END(01) HR000 #0001 #1234 HR000 #1235 HR000 #1235

31. Continue.. A simple car park control system allows only a maximum of 30 cars parking spaces. Every time a car comes in, an incoming sensor will add 1 and any car that goes out an outgoing sensor will deduct 1. If the car park is occupied with 30 cars at one time, a full sign will be lighted up to inform there is no vacancy. Replace CNTR with ADD and SUB.

33. Solution

35. Solution