This document contains summaries of topics in psychology including: 1) The Stanford Prison Experiment and Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. 2) Research on hunger motivation, sex and sexual behavior, and work motivation including goal setting theory. 3) Key concepts around evolutionary psychology and how it explains differences in male and female sexuality from an evolutionary perspective.

1. Ethics in psychological research
• Stanford Prison Experiment - 6
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0jYx8nwjFQ
Zimbardo page 32

2. General Psychology
PSYC 10213 (Section 50; 60)
Spring 2012
Library Research Project
This project will entail library research of topics in psychology provided
out by the Instructor. A paper will be written presenting reviews of a
minimum of ten journal articles from separate journals found in the TCU
library of a minimum of 50 words each. In addition to each review, the
paper will note the bibliographic reference for each article and a
description of the location in the TCU library where each can be found,
noting the floor, topical section, library reference number and other
location description. Duplicate topics should not be the same content or
notations of locations. A list of possible topics will be available in class for
you to pick from. Please use September 10 class period for your work so
we will not meet on that day.

3. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEmX8Rim-hs&f

4. Chapter 3
Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory
Hunger Motivation
Sex and Sexual Behavior
Work Motivation & Performance

5. MASLOW
• Abraham Maslow – theory of motivation
• We have a hierarchy of needs from
“deficiency needs” to “growth needs”
• Deficiency – reduce inadequacies
• Growth – promote personal growth
• Self actualization: self acceptance,
spontaneity, need for privacy, resistance to
cultural influences, empathy, relationships,
democratic character structure,
creativeness, and sense of humor.

6. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Growth
Needs
B – love
D - love
Deficiency
Needs
Page 56

7. • Engine for moving toward SA: experiencing the
world totally for what it is with euphoria, wonder,
and awe
• Individuals who are self-actualized often have what
Maslow termed peak experiences, or moments of
intense joy, wonder, awe and ecstasy. After these
experiences, people feel inspired, strengthened,
renewed or transformed
• Critics: ignores the environment too much
• Too optimistic that everyone has the potential
• Ethnocentric - individualistic

8. HUNGER MOTIVATION
• Hunger is minimally significant for when to eat
• Most significantly is normal times we eat
• Social influence important on how much we eat
• Eat more when distracted from food we eat
• Two brain systems:
1. Feeding Center
2. Satiety Center (cessation of feeding)
•. Genes major influence on obesity – twins study

9. Obesity
• Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 30
• Weight in kilos divided by height in meters
squared
• Kilo = 2.2 lbs / Meter = 3.28084 ft
• 220/2.2=100 6/3.28084=1.83x1.83=3.35
• 100/3.35=29.85 Not obese
• Application – therapy, personal, child
development
• Can be psychological, physiological, genetic
plus many other causes

10. SEX AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
• Genetic diversity enhances chances for adaptation
• Key to reproduction: gametes
• Few strong eggs; millions of sperm
• Ovulation in mid 28 day menstrual cycle
• Four phases of orgasm:
1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution

11. Hormones:
1. Androgens – testosterone (“male hormone”)
2. Estrogen - estradiol (“female hormone”)
•. Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in women
responds to testosterone therapy
•. Psychological factors more important than
hormones in levels of sexual desire
•. Evolutionary psychology explains different
sex drives from standpoint of historical roles
and implications from having sex
•. Women have greater investment in outcome

12. • Men “lose a few hours” or less
• Women from EP view risk “cost of that
decision for years”
• Women tend to have greater commitment
to children

13. Gender differences in sexuality
1. Men much more prefer promiscuity and
avoidance of emotional investment
2. Men generally more interested in sex
3. Closer link in sexuality/aggression in men
4. Females have more variation and flexibility in
sexual responses and behavior
5. Issues: hormones, contraception, equality of
sexes, environmental/cultural influence
Issues: hormones, contraception, equality of
sexes, environmental/cultural influence

14. Work motivation and performance
(Goal setting theory)
• Performance depends on the difficulty of our
goals & our commitment to those goals
• Important issue: set detailed strategies for
achieving goals (S-O-R)
• People who set difficult goals and commit to
those goals have higher self esteem and
emotional stability
• Goal setting theory focuses too much on
cognitive factors and not enough on emotional