BASIC IT

1. ART1062-Introduction to Computing
Chapter 2:
Basic Information Technology (IT)

2. ART1062 -Learning Outcome (LOC)
 Understand the basic computer / IT functions.
 Explore Computer Number System.
2

3. Computer System
 When we type some letters or words, the
computer translates them in numbers (0, 1) as
computers can understand only numbers.
 A computer can understand the positional
number system where there are only a few
symbols called digits and these symbols
represent different values depending on the
position they occupy in the number.

4. Computer System
 Is a collection of related components that have
all been designed to work together smoothly.

5. Component Interaction
The CPU controls all of the other resources within the
system, in order to accomplish a task.

6. Computer Number System
Bit - the smallest unit of data that a computer
uses. It can be used to represent two states of
information, such as 1-Yes / On or 0-No / Off.
Byte - is equal to 8 Bits. A Byte can represent 256
states of information (0 to 255).
For example: numbers or a combination of
numbers and letters. 1 Byte could be equal to one
character.

7. Bits on Bytes
0, 1 = bits
1 byte = 8 bits
1 kilobyte (K / Kb) = 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte (M / Mb) = 1024 Kb
1 gigabyte (G / Gb) = 1024 Mb
1 terabyte (T/ Tb) = 1024 Gb
1 petabyte (P/ Pb) = 1024 Tb

8. Common Number Systems
System Base Symbols
Used by
humans?
Used in
computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa-
decimal
16 0, 1, … 9, A, B, C, D, E, F No No

9. Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Decimal Binary Octal
Hexa-decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7

10. Quantities/Counting (2 of 3)
Decimal Binary Octal
Hexa-decimal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F

11. Quantities/Counting (3 of 3)
Decimal Binary Octal
Hexa-
decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17

12. Conversion Among Bases
 The possibilities:
Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary

13. Quick Example
2510 = ( )2
Base

14. Quick Example
(25)10 = (11001)2
Base

15. Quick Example
35210 = ( )2
Base

16. Quick Example
35210 = (101100000)2
Base

17. Decimal to Decimal
Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
Next slide…

18. 12510 => 5 x 100 = 5
2 x 101 = 20
1 x 102 = 100
125
Base
Weight

19. Binary to Decimal
Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary

20. Binary to Decimal
 Technique
 Multiply each bit by 2n, where n is the “weight”
of the bit
 The weight is the position of the bit, starting
from 0 on the right
 Add the results

21. Example
1010112 => 1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
0 x 24 = 0
1 x 25 = 32
4310
Bit “0”

22. Example #1
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal
number 14. Or, written with base subscripts:
1410 = 11102

23. Example #2
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal
number 87. Or, written with base subscripts:
8710 = (1110101)2

24. Example #3
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 156.
Or, written with base subscripts: 15610 = 100111002

25. Example #4

26. Example #5
What is the binary equivalent of the decimal
number 45610
45610= (…………….)2

27. Example #6
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary
number 74310
74310 = (………………….) 2

28. Example #7
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary
number 1001012 Or, written with base
subscripts:
1001012 = (………)10

29. Example #8
What is the decimal equivalent of the binary
number 110010112 Or, written with base
subscripts: 110010112 = ??