Terrorism is on the rise is the past decade. It results not only in loss of dear ones, loss and damage to property but also deeply impacts the economy of the country and the world both in the short and long runs. This presentation talks about the impact of terrorism on the Indian Economy.
The document defines logical fallacies and fallacies of relevance. It discusses several types of fallacies of relevance including personal attacks, attacking the motive, "look who's talking", scare tactics, appeals to pity, bandwagon arguments, straw man arguments, red herrings, equivocation, and begging the question. Each fallacy is explained with an example.
the application of historical knowledge is very fascinating than the actual science in knowing and explaining the belief of human being on some ways of living
This document provides an overview of analytic vs continental philosophy, highlighting their differing views on the role of science and emphasis on history/context. It then summarizes several articles and ideas within continental philosophy, including:
1) Richard Rorty linking American pragmatism with hermeneutics and arguing they both reject Platonic absolutism in favor of tradition-bound truths.
2) Nietzsche's criticism of Platonic reason and objectivity, arguing truth is contextual and interpretation-based.
3) Hermeneutics and social constructivism viewing truth as emerging from and conditioned by language, culture, and social structures.
4) Both strengths and challenges of the herm
1. The document defines key concepts related to communication and health behavior including communication, health education, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
2. It describes the basic communication process involving a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication in healthcare aims to improve patient outcomes.
3. The stages of behavior change are outlined according to models like the health belief model, moving from awareness to interest, knowledge, attitude, practice, and sustainability of new behaviors. Health education specifically aims to change an individual's knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health.
Roots of Public Health Nursing FNU Essay.docxwrite31
Public health nursing has its roots in efforts to improve sanitation and health conditions dating back to early civilizations. In the 19th century, reforms in England and initiatives in America by nurses like Clara Barton and Lillian Wald helped establish public health nursing. Public health nursing aims to promote health and prevent disease in populations through strategies that address social and environmental factors. Today, public health nurses face challenges of embracing new technologies, engaging in evidence-based practices, and addressing evolving health issues.
Health Nursing as A Frontline Care Providers Essay.pdfBrian712019
Health nursing serves on the frontlines of care as a population-based practice focused on preventing disease and promoting community health. Nurses must address challenges like healthcare disparities, cultural competence, and responding to emergencies while engaging in evidence-based practices. As characteristics of public health nursing evolve with technology, personal responsibility, and government policy, nurses collaborate across sectors to assess problems and ensure services meet community needs.
The Roots of Public Health Nursing Essay.docxwrite31
The roots of public health nursing can be traced back to early civilizations and reforms during the Middle Ages and Victorian times in England. In the United States, organized public health efforts began in the 1800s led by reformers like Lemuel Shattuck, Dorothea Dix, and Clara Barton. In the 20th century, public health nursing grew further with leaders like Mary Breckinridge establishing programs. Today, public health nursing focuses on population-based prevention practices and collaborates across sectors to address social determinants of health and create healthy environments and conditions for communities.
Terrorism is on the rise is the past decade. It results not only in loss of dear ones, loss and damage to property but also deeply impacts the economy of the country and the world both in the short and long runs. This presentation talks about the impact of terrorism on the Indian Economy.
The document defines logical fallacies and fallacies of relevance. It discusses several types of fallacies of relevance including personal attacks, attacking the motive, "look who's talking", scare tactics, appeals to pity, bandwagon arguments, straw man arguments, red herrings, equivocation, and begging the question. Each fallacy is explained with an example.
the application of historical knowledge is very fascinating than the actual science in knowing and explaining the belief of human being on some ways of living
This document provides an overview of analytic vs continental philosophy, highlighting their differing views on the role of science and emphasis on history/context. It then summarizes several articles and ideas within continental philosophy, including:
1) Richard Rorty linking American pragmatism with hermeneutics and arguing they both reject Platonic absolutism in favor of tradition-bound truths.
2) Nietzsche's criticism of Platonic reason and objectivity, arguing truth is contextual and interpretation-based.
3) Hermeneutics and social constructivism viewing truth as emerging from and conditioned by language, culture, and social structures.
4) Both strengths and challenges of the herm
1. The document defines key concepts related to communication and health behavior including communication, health education, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
2. It describes the basic communication process involving a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication in healthcare aims to improve patient outcomes.
3. The stages of behavior change are outlined according to models like the health belief model, moving from awareness to interest, knowledge, attitude, practice, and sustainability of new behaviors. Health education specifically aims to change an individual's knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to health.
Roots of Public Health Nursing FNU Essay.docxwrite31
Public health nursing has its roots in efforts to improve sanitation and health conditions dating back to early civilizations. In the 19th century, reforms in England and initiatives in America by nurses like Clara Barton and Lillian Wald helped establish public health nursing. Public health nursing aims to promote health and prevent disease in populations through strategies that address social and environmental factors. Today, public health nurses face challenges of embracing new technologies, engaging in evidence-based practices, and addressing evolving health issues.
Health Nursing as A Frontline Care Providers Essay.pdfBrian712019
Health nursing serves on the frontlines of care as a population-based practice focused on preventing disease and promoting community health. Nurses must address challenges like healthcare disparities, cultural competence, and responding to emergencies while engaging in evidence-based practices. As characteristics of public health nursing evolve with technology, personal responsibility, and government policy, nurses collaborate across sectors to assess problems and ensure services meet community needs.
The Roots of Public Health Nursing Essay.docxwrite31
The roots of public health nursing can be traced back to early civilizations and reforms during the Middle Ages and Victorian times in England. In the United States, organized public health efforts began in the 1800s led by reformers like Lemuel Shattuck, Dorothea Dix, and Clara Barton. In the 20th century, public health nursing grew further with leaders like Mary Breckinridge establishing programs. Today, public health nursing focuses on population-based prevention practices and collaborates across sectors to address social determinants of health and create healthy environments and conditions for communities.
The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDC.docxwrite31
The document discusses the roots and history of public health nursing from early civilizations through the 20th century. It analyzes how public health nursing was influenced by initiatives and reforms over time. Public health nursing today is focused on population-based care, health promotion and disease prevention through strategies like epidemiology and evidence-based practice. Key challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century include eliminating health disparities, demonstrating cultural competence, and engaging communities in planning and creating healthy environments.
FNU Community Public Health Nursing as A Frontline Care.docxwrite31
Public health nursing focuses on preventing disease and promoting health at the population level. It has its roots in community nursing from the early 20th century. Challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century include increased technology, personal responsibility for health, and social determinants of health. The core functions of public health nursing are to assess health problems, develop relevant policy, and ensure services are delivered to achieve health outcomes. Public health nurses collaborate with populations and focus on primary prevention and creating healthy environments for communities.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 3 of a nursing course on health policy, politics, and reform. It discusses several topics related to healthcare policy including the political process, healthcare finance, access to care, nursing's role in policy, quality of care, and the Affordable Care Act. It also provides sample questions and answers about these topics.
Wearables and health apps have grown rapidly over the past year. An upcoming event will explore how digital technologies like wearables and apps can help reinvent healthcare delivery by providing data insights, remote care, and improving efficiency, quality and costs. The event will discuss the expanding potential and challenges of using these technologies in an integrated healthcare system.
Florida National UniversityPHI1635 Biomedical Ethics Assignment.docxlmelaine
This document provides an overview and assignment for a biomedical ethics course. It discusses the objectives of completing a discussion exercise on Chapter 11 that extends knowledge and engages in collaborative learning. The assignment requires students to summarize readings from Chapter 11 in a 2-3 page paper and discuss an ethics challenge involving triage decisions during a catastrophe. The paper should follow APA style and include an introduction, discussion, and be submitted by the due date to receive a grade.
This document discusses the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics Provisions 7-9 regarding a nurse's commitment beyond individual patient encounters. Provision 7 focuses on advancing nursing through research, scholarly inquiry, and developing professional standards. Provision 8 discusses collaborating with other professionals to promote health, human rights, and reduce disparities. Provision 9 emphasizes the nursing profession's role in articulating values, maintaining integrity, and integrating principles of social justice into policy.
Chapter 10 Check PointAnswer the following questions. Please.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 10 Check Point
Answer the following questions. Please ensure to use the Author, YYYY APA citations with any content brought into the assignment.
What are Anomalies/Outliers? And what are some variants of Anomaly/Outlier Detection Problems?
What are some Challenges and Work Assumptions of Anomaly Detection?
Explain the Nearest-Neighbor Based Approach and the different ways to Define Outliers.
Explain the Density-based: LOF Approach.
Provide the General Steps and Types of Anomaly Detection Schemes.
.
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The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDC.docxwrite31
The document discusses the roots and history of public health nursing from early civilizations through the 20th century. It analyzes how public health nursing was influenced by initiatives and reforms over time. Public health nursing today is focused on population-based care, health promotion and disease prevention through strategies like epidemiology and evidence-based practice. Key challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century include eliminating health disparities, demonstrating cultural competence, and engaging communities in planning and creating healthy environments.
FNU Community Public Health Nursing as A Frontline Care.docxwrite31
Public health nursing focuses on preventing disease and promoting health at the population level. It has its roots in community nursing from the early 20th century. Challenges for public health nursing in the 21st century include increased technology, personal responsibility for health, and social determinants of health. The core functions of public health nursing are to assess health problems, develop relevant policy, and ensure services are delivered to achieve health outcomes. Public health nurses collaborate with populations and focus on primary prevention and creating healthy environments for communities.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 3 of a nursing course on health policy, politics, and reform. It discusses several topics related to healthcare policy including the political process, healthcare finance, access to care, nursing's role in policy, quality of care, and the Affordable Care Act. It also provides sample questions and answers about these topics.
Wearables and health apps have grown rapidly over the past year. An upcoming event will explore how digital technologies like wearables and apps can help reinvent healthcare delivery by providing data insights, remote care, and improving efficiency, quality and costs. The event will discuss the expanding potential and challenges of using these technologies in an integrated healthcare system.
Florida National UniversityPHI1635 Biomedical Ethics Assignment.docxlmelaine
This document provides an overview and assignment for a biomedical ethics course. It discusses the objectives of completing a discussion exercise on Chapter 11 that extends knowledge and engages in collaborative learning. The assignment requires students to summarize readings from Chapter 11 in a 2-3 page paper and discuss an ethics challenge involving triage decisions during a catastrophe. The paper should follow APA style and include an introduction, discussion, and be submitted by the due date to receive a grade.
This document discusses the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics Provisions 7-9 regarding a nurse's commitment beyond individual patient encounters. Provision 7 focuses on advancing nursing through research, scholarly inquiry, and developing professional standards. Provision 8 discusses collaborating with other professionals to promote health, human rights, and reduce disparities. Provision 9 emphasizes the nursing profession's role in articulating values, maintaining integrity, and integrating principles of social justice into policy.
Chapter 10 Check PointAnswer the following questions. Please.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 10 Check Point
Answer the following questions. Please ensure to use the Author, YYYY APA citations with any content brought into the assignment.
What are Anomalies/Outliers? And what are some variants of Anomaly/Outlier Detection Problems?
What are some Challenges and Work Assumptions of Anomaly Detection?
Explain the Nearest-Neighbor Based Approach and the different ways to Define Outliers.
Explain the Density-based: LOF Approach.
Provide the General Steps and Types of Anomaly Detection Schemes.
.
Chapter 10 Case Project 10-2 two page report double spaceCas.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 10: Case Project 10-2: two page report double space
Case Project 10-2: Discovering Web Application Attack Tools
After discovering that Alexander Rocco Corporation has multiple Web servers running on different platforms, you wonder whether your security tools can asses Web applications vulnerabilities throughly. You have only two tools for conducting Web security tests: Wapiti and Wfetch. Based on the information write a two page report on other tools for security testers conducting Web applications vulnerability testing. Use the skills you have gained to search the Internet and explore the Kali DVD to find tools for Windows and *nix platforms. The report should state the tool's name, describe the installation method, and include a brief description of what the tool does.
Chapter 11: Case Project 11-1- one-page report
Case Project: Determining Vulnerabilities of Wireless Networks
After conducting a security test on the Alexander Rocco network, you discover that the company has a wireless router configured to issue IP addresses to connecting stations. Vistumbler indicates that channel 6 is active, the SSID is linksys, and WEP is enabled. Based on this information, write a one-page report listing possible vulnerabilities of the WLAN’s current configuration. Your report should include recommendations for improving wireless security.
.
Chapter 1 provided a high-level overview of the Information Syst.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1 provided a high-level overview of the Information Systems Security Policy Management:
Information Systems Security (ISS). What is it? The act of protecting information and the systems that store, process and transmit
Why is ISS needed? ISS provides a foundation for establishing protection of systems and data against risks such as: Unauthorized access and Use, Disclosure, System Disruption, Modification or Corruption
Destruction
After reading chapter 1 and looking at the ISS Management Life Cycle.
Let’s look at a real-world scenario and discuss what C-I-A Triad is all about.
You must do the following:
1) Create a new thread. As indicated above,
please explain how DHS should handle the situation described in the preceding paragraph.
.
Chapter 1 Intro to Policy Making in a The Digital Age.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1: Intro to Policy Making in a The Digital Age
CHAPTER SUMMARY: Summarize chapter presented during the week. Identify the main point (as in "What's your point?"), thesis, or conclusion of the key ideas presented in the chapter.
SUPPORT: Do research outside of the book and demonstrate that you have in a very obvious way. This refers to research beyond the material presented in the textbook. Show something you have discovered from your own research. Be sure this is obvious and adds value beyond what is contained in the chapter itself.
EVALUATION: Apply the concepts from the appropriate chapter. Hint: Be sure to use specific terms and models directly from the textbook in analyzing the material presented and include the page in the citation.
SOURCES: Include citations with your sources.
Use APA style citations and references.
.
Chapter 1 discussed the expansion of the European intermodal rai.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1 discussed the expansion of the European intermodal rail-road freight transport (EIT) under the European Union. Chapter 2 explores the development of intermodal transportation in the United States.
Instructions:
In 2-3 pages maximum, discuss the impact (negative and positive) that regulation/deregulation has had on the growth and/or continued growth of intermodal transportation in both countries. Ensure you site specific examples in your paper. You are encouraged to use the internet and other sources to support your discussion.
Submission Instructions:
Please attach the assignment in Word Format. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Change is an activity and mindset that many resists. Kotter proposed.docxzebadiahsummers
Change is an activity and mindset that many resists. Kotter proposed a “dual operating system” for accelerating change.
1. What are the main reasons why people resist change? (support response with academic sources).
2. Then, give an example when YOU were resistant to change. Explain what the change was about, why you resisted, and what was the outcome.
3. Describe Kotter’s idea of a dual operating system for making change happen in an accelerating world. (and support your answer). Then provide a critical assessment.
.
Chapter 1 Government Boss, financial partner, regulator – Entrepre.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1: Government: Boss, financial partner, regulator – Entrepreneurs in mixed economies
Chapter 3: Electronic innovation and the government: David Sarnoff creates the RCA empire
Chapter 5: Speeding voice and data traffic worldwide: Network microprocessors from RMI
Chapter 7: Implementing information technology across the globe
Ives, B., & Jarvenpaa, S.L. (1991). Applications of Global Information Technology: Key Issues for Management. MIS Quarterly, 15(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.2307/249433
Chapter 9: Kressel, H., & Lento, T. V. (2012).
Entrepreneurship in the Global Economy : Engine for Economic Growth
. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
7
.
Chapter 1 Combating terrorism has entailed restrictions on civil li.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1: Combating terrorism has entailed restrictions on civil liberties. How can we reconcile civil liberty and national security? Are we better off opting for more liberty or more security? Are the two goals mutually exclusive? Have Americans become less supportive of the limitations on liberty put into place after the terror attacks in 2001, or do they still perceive that it makes sense to give up some liberties in order to feel more secure?
.
Chapter 1 Evaluation and Social Work Making the ConnectionP.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter 1 Evaluation and Social Work: Making the Connection
Page 4
Let’s begin by considering three important questions: 1. Is evaluation an important area of social work? 2. Is the evaluator role an important one for social workers? 3. How can evaluations help improve or enhance social work interventions? These questions may be your questions as you begin to read this book. They are questions that many social work students and practitioners have pondered. This book is about evaluation so the responses to the first two questions, in brief, will be no surprise to you. Yes, evaluation is an important area of social work. Further, the evaluator role is an important role for every social worker to prepare to assume. Some social workers will be evaluators of programs, and virtually every social worker will be an evaluator of their own practice. It’s like asking whether social workers need to know whether they are doing a good job, or asking them if they know whether their interventions are effective in helping their clients. The third question, asking how evaluation can help improve social work interventions, is the focus of this text.
The underlying theme driving the book is that evaluation is a vital element of any social work approach and is critical for ensuring that social work actually does work! A reassuring theme is that evaluation is a practice area that BSW and MSW students and practitioners alike can learn. Social workers and students wanting to maximize their impact in their jobs will find that the perspective, knowledge, ethics, and skills of evaluations covered in this book are a central component of practice and ensure that you will have a much greater impact on your clients’ well-being. This book provides the needed preparation for evaluation in both a comprehensive and a readable format. The primary emphasis is on the various kinds of small and mid-range formative evaluations that are often implemented at the local agency level; less emphasis is placed on the large, com-plex national and regional studies that may draw the most coverage under the title evaluation. These smaller formative evaluations are also the critical ones that social work students and graduates either are assigned or should consider taking on in their field placements and employment agencies. Such
Page 5
evaluations often are instrumental in determining whether the programs in which you are working will continue and possibly expand. Example of a Small, Formative Evaluation An agency that provides an anger management program to perpetrators of domestic violence offers a series of ten psychoeducational group sessions to help them manage their anger. The agency also conducts an evaluation of this program that is integral to it. An anger management scale is used to measure changes that occur in the participants’ anger after they have completed all ten sessions of a group program. Throughout the series, the specific items of the anger management scale (e.g., be.
Changes in the Human Figure in ArtYou likely noticed that during.docxzebadiahsummers
Changes in the Human Figure in Art
You likely noticed that during the two hundred years covered in this week’s study there were radical changes in how the human figure is depicted in Italy, from something that was highly stylized to an idealized form that looked more real yet was strongly influenced by the Classical Age of ancient Greece and Rome. In Northern Europe, however, depiction of the human form remained somewhat stylized.
Use the textbook and/or online sources to locate and capture three works of art.
one from the Early Renaissance (fourteenth century, 1300–1399)
one from the Northern European Renaissance (fifteenth century, 1400–1499)
one from the Italian Renaissance (fifteenth century, 1400–1499)
Your works of art must either be all paintings or all sculptures.
First, place images of your selected works in a Word document. Then do the following:
For each work identify:
The artist
Title of the work of art
The date(s) it was created
The medium or materials used to create the work of art, such as oil paint, marble, etc.
Where the work is located now.
In a
well-developed
paragraph, provide at least two important historical facts about each work.
In another well-developed paragraph, describe how each artist depicted the human figure, supporting your observation using art historical vocabulary from this week's reading.
Then, In a 6–10-sentence concluding paragraph:
Compare and contrast how the depiction of the human figure has changed. Be sure to note such things as general appearance of the figures; their body types; whether the figures have been stylized, elongated, or idealized; and whether their clothing, colors, and other visual details have changed.
Based on your reading and what you learned from the historic facts you have for each work of art discuss what may have been influencing factors behind these changes.
Offer a citation of your sources for each image and the information provided as appropriate.
.
Chapter #131. Explain the terms Computationalism and Culturalism.docxzebadiahsummers
Chapter #13
1. Explain the terms Computationalism and Culturalism and their effects on Learning
2. Explain the implications of Pedagogy and Social practices in the development of adult learners
Chapter #15
3. According to Ziehe (2018), what are some normal Learning problems in youth. Name and explain at least 3
Chapters #16 and #17
4. Describe the four components of the Social Theory of Learning
5.Explain the Psychological theories:
a. Behaviorist
b. Cognitive
d. Social Learning
.
chapter 8 notes – Asian Americans model minoritieschapter b.docxzebadiahsummers
chapter 8 notes – Asian Americans: model minorities?
chapter begins with a story of a sociologist, riding in a taxi
- he was born in the US of Japanese heritage (grandfather came to US in 1880s)
- taxi drive asks him how long he was in the US (the answer is since birth)
- brings up the perception of ‘other’ around Asian Americans
focus of this chapter: Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans (oldest Asian groups in the US; often considered to be ‘model minorities’)
- model minorities stereotype: successful, affluent, highly educated, not suffer from minority group status (remember this is a stereotype)
why an increase in immigration from the Philippines and India into the US?
- both colonized
— India by Britain
— Philippines 1st by Spain, then the US
current demographics
- Asian Americans are about 5.6% of the total population (2012) – see table 8.1 above
— contrasted with African Americans (13%) and Hispanic Americans (16%)
- overall, rapid growth in numbers of Asian Americans in US recently
— one reason: immigration changes in 1965
— one of the largest growing groups – Asian Indians
— rapid growth is expected to continue
- 10 largest Asian groups in fig 8.1 below
- high percentage of foreign born in Asian American population
— 88% of Asian Americans are either 1st generation (foreign born) or 2nd generation (their children)
— — see figure 8.2 below
- similar to Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans are
+ likely to identify with country of origin 1st
origins and cultures
great diversity in languages, cultures, religions
- Asian cultures are much older than the founding of the US
- these cultures are quite different from each other, but there are some similarities
similarities:
- group membership is more important than the individual
— some of above from Confucianism which emphasizes a person is one part of the larger social system, one part of the status hierarchy
— — therefore loyalty to group, conformity to societal expections and respect for superiors are important
- it is important to be sensitive to the opinions and judgements of others; avoid public embarrassment, giving offence
— guilt / shame dichotomy
— — Asian cultures: emphasis on not bringing shame to the family / group from others (if someone goes against societal expectations, they are bringing shame onto their family / group)
— — — emphasis on proper behavior, conformity to convention and how others judge one, avoid embarressment (to self or to others), avoid personal confrontations
— — — overall desire to seek harmony
— — Western culture emphasizes individuals develop personal consciences and we need to avoid guilt (if someone goes against societal expectations, they are guilty of ... — Westerners guided by personal sense of guilt)
- generally (but not always) traditionally patriarchal
— in China foot binding was practiced for many generations
the above tendencies are more likely for individuals new to the US, but not as likely for individuals / families in the U.
CHAPTER 1 This list below indicated various audits, attestation,.docxzebadiahsummers
CHAPTER 1: This list below indicated various audits, attestation, and other engagements involving auditors.
1. A report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
2. An auditor’s report on whether the financial statements are fairly presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.
3. An engagement to help a company structure a merger transaction to minimize the taxes of the combined entities.
4. A report stating whether the company has complied with restrictive covenants related to officer compensation and payment of dividends contained in a bank loan agreement.
5. A report on the effectiveness of internal controls at a company that provides payroll processing for other companies.
6. An examination report stating whether a company’s statement of greenhouse gas emissions is presented in conformity with standards issued by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the World Resources Institute.
7. Evaluating the voting process and certifying the outcome for Rolling Stones Magazine’s “Greatest Singer of All Time” poll.
8. A report indicating whether a governmental entity has compiled with certain government regulations.
9. A review report that provides limited assurance about whether financial statements are fairly stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
10. A report about management’s assertion on the effectiveness of controls over the availability, reliability, integrity, and maintainability of its accounting information system.
11. An evaluation of the effectiveness of key measures used to assess an entity’s success in achieving specific targets linked to an entity’s strategic plan and vision.
Required
a. Explain the relationships among audit services, attestation services, and other assurance and no assurance services provided by CPA’s.
b. For each of the services listed above, indicate the type of service from the list that follows.
(1) An audit of historical financial statements.
(2) An attestation service other than an audit service.
(3) An assurance or no assurance service that is not an attestation service.
1-21. Dave Czarnecki is the managing partner of Czarnecki and Hogan, a medium-sized local CPA firm located outside of Chicago. Over lunch, he is surprised when his friend James Foley asks, him, “Doesn’t it bother you that your clients don’t look forward to seeing their auditors each year?” Dave responds, “Well auditing is only one of several services we provide. Most of our work for clients does not involve financial statement audits, and our audit clients seem to like interacting with us.”
a. Identify ways in which a financial statement audit adds value for clients.
b. List other services other than audits that Czarnecki and Hogan likely provides.
c. Assume Czarnecki and Hogan has hired you as a consultant to identify ways in which they can expand their practice. Identify at least one additional service that .
Challenges and Resources for Nurses Participating in a Hurrica.docxzebadiahsummers
The document discusses a study exploring nurses' perspectives on challenges and resources during an evacuation of New York University Langone Medical Center due to Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Qualitative interviews with nurses found that their prior experience with Hurricane Irene led them to underestimate the severity of Hurricane Sandy. Most nurses had limited personal or hospital-based disaster training. The evacuation presented significant challenges due to lack of experience, training, and unclear policies. However, nurses drew on support from colleagues, leadership, and personal resourcefulness to respond effectively. The study aims to inform disaster preparedness education to better support nurses' roles.
Chamberlain College of NursingNR631 Nurse Executive Track—CGE I.docxzebadiahsummers
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR631 Nurse Executive Track—CGE I
Learning Agreement
Student name:
Student D#:
Student e-mail, phone:
Mentor name and credentials:
Mentor contact information (work phone, cell phone, e-mail and work address):
Directions:
For Week 1, complete the Learning Agreement with self-identified goals to meet Course Outcomes (COs) and initial plans to meet those self-identified goals; review the TIPS document to help you and discuss your goals and plans with your mentor. Your mentor must sign the Learning Agreement for your Week 1 submission.
The agreement should be revised each week to reflect completed goals, additional goals, and changes to the plan dictated by the actual experience or revisions suggested by faculty or the mentor. At the end of the practicum experience, evaluate success with your mentor and obtain the mentor’s signature at the bottom of agreement. Save this form as a Word document and enter required information directly onto it; submit the completed Learning Agreement, signed by your mentor, on the Saturday of Week 8. See the Learning Agreement Grading Rubric for grading details.
The Learning Agreement consists of three sections.
I. Student Learning Outcomes table (Week 1)
II. Signatures approving plan (Week 1)
III. Signatures and mentor verification (Week 8)
Due Dates:
1. Initial signed Learning Agreement is submitted by 11:59 p.m. MT, Sunday at the end of Week 1
2. Completed signed Learning Agreement is submitted by 11:59 p.m. MT, Saturday of Week 8
A minimum of 144 hours practicum experience is required by the end of NR632.
If the 144 hours are not completed by end of term, you will receive a grade of “I” and not be able to graduate until completed.
I. Student Learning Outcomes
Course Outcomes
Student Identified Practicum Goals to Meet COs
Plan to Meet Student Identified Practicum Goals
Narrative Description of Attainment of Student-Identified Goals Through the End of CGE 1
CO 1: Apply leadership skills concepts of project management as a nurse executive in an organizational setting to develop, implement and evaluate successful project plans. (POs 4 and 5)
CO 2: Using current knowledge, standards of practice, and research from evidence-based literature, synthesize a foundation for the nurse executive role. (POs 3 and 4)
CO 3: Exemplify professional values and scholarship that support the role of a student in a practicum setting. (PO 4)
CO 4: Contribute to the body of nursing leadership and management knowledge through research, planning, evaluation and dissemination of findings. (PO 4)
CO 5: Apply professional values characteristic of the competent and caring nurse executive that promote holistic care principles and an appreciation of cultural humility ( POs 1, 3, and 4)
CO 6: Apply evidence-based fiscal principles that contribute to the creation of a caring environment characterized by high quality, safe, patient-centered care (PO.
Chamberlain College of NursingNR449 Evidence-Based PracticeEvide.docxzebadiahsummers
Chamberlain College of Nursing NR449 Evidence-Based PracticeEvidence Matrix Table
Article
Reference
Purpose
Hypothesis
Study Question
Variables
Independent(I)
Dependent(D)
Study Design
Sample
Size and Selection
Data Collection
Methods
Major Findings
1
(sample not a real article)
Smith, Lewis (2013),
What should I eat? A focus for those living with diabetes. Journal of Nursing Education, 1 (4) 111-112.
How do educational support groups effect dietary modifications in patients with diabetes?
D-Dietary modifications
I-Education
Qualitative
N- 18
Convenience sample-selected from local support group in Pittsburgh, PA
Focus Groups
Support and education improved compliance with dietary modifications.
1
2
3
4
5
NR449 Evidence Matric Table.docx Revised10/20/14 ns/cs
1
.
Centralized System for Strategic ResourcesIntroductionAttentio.docxzebadiahsummers
Centralized System for Strategic Resources
Introduction
Attention: According to recent news reports, US states are competing with each other to shop for medical supplies such as masks, PPE (personal protective equipment), and ventilators. Sometimes, states are even battling with the federal government for bidding, which pushed the prices for such supplies even higher and caused a lot of chaos.
Reveal Topic: A centralized system for strategic resources means that the federal government would represent all individual states and make purchases globally as a single outward-facing entity. Then resources will be coordinated and allocated to individual states.
Credibility: New York State Governor Cuomo states that it is very problematic to keep the current chaotic and unorganized systems. It costs more for taxpayers and could be life-threatening.
Central Idea: US federal government should establish a centralized system for buying, coordinating, and allocating strategic resources such as medical supplies.
Preview: Today, I will talk about why the lack of a centralized system for strategic resources could be costly and even deadly and the benefits of a centralized system.
Transition: Now let's first have a look at the harmful impacts of the current unorganized situation.
Body
I. Main Point #1 (statement of the need for action): Since the unorganized bidding for medical supplies is causing chaos and uncertainty, there should be a way to organize the bidding efforts so that all states can be allocated sufficient supplies.
A. (Description of the problem) The demand for medical supplies is high across all states in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
1. (signs, symptoms, effects of problem) Due to an increase in coronavirus cases, the low supply of medical resources, and the existence of numerous bidders in the market, States are experiencing a surge in the need for medical supplies (Lara, Rand, and Bartley).
2. (example, narrative, or testimony) The current situation in the country has slowed down the capacity of states to procure PPEs and has also augmented the costs (Triggle).
B. (Importance of problem) There is no efficient way to facilitate the process as everyone is trying to purchase the same thing.
1. (extent of problem) In the past, states in the U.S have worked closely with regional officials when faced with emergencies such as hurricanes, but the current unprecedented situation has affected all states simultaneously and has made the process murkier.
a. (facts/statistics) There is a bidding war between the various states and local governments as all states in the U.S are desperate to find a solution to meet the needs of their healthcare professionals in their fight against the spread of COVID-19 (Lara, Rand, and Bartley).
b. (expert/narrative) According to Casey Tingle, deputy director of the Louisiana Governor’s Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness, it is not clear whether the federal administration can p.
Challenge your thinking.10) After completing the WebQuest, has y.docxzebadiahsummers
Challenge your thinking.
10) After completing the WebQuest, has your opinion about the homeless individuals changed?
11) If so, how did it change? If not, provide rationale.
12) Suggest at least two community interventions relating to homelessness.
13) Are there examples of these interventions in our area? Identify and describe the services they offer.
FS 1513 Observation Project Details
Time Involved
Students enrolled in FS 1513 are expected to complete at least 15 hours of observations related to human development. This work will involve creating a journal entry for each of their observational sessions. There should be entries for at least 15 hours of observations by the end of the semester.
There should be 1 journal entry for each time you observe—whether it is for 1 hour or more—there should only be 1 entry. So, if you observed 3 times in 1 week for 1 hour each time then you would need 3 journal entries. Alternately, if you observed 1 time for 3 hours then you would need 1 journal entry. However, this means that there will be less information to assess your work (i.e., 1 mistake can cost more points).
Observations: Who and Where
Part of the purpose of this project is to observe differences in development across the life span. So, observations should involve people from different age ranges over the course of the semester. Some entries should focus on development observed during childhood (i.e., observing children from infancy through grade-school), others should involve observing development during adolescence (i.e., observing pubescent and adolescent children), and others should involve should involve observing development during adulthood (i.e., observing adults from early to later in life). The important point is that observations should be completed for at least three age groups for the entire semester.
Observations should take place in naturalistic settings. Naturalistic means that people should be observed in place where they would normally be present (i.e., not in a lab). Ideally, this would mean that they are able to behave as they normally would. The goal, however, is to have enough time to observe a person so that they can demonstrate what they have developed. This means that you will need to be able to watch them behaving naturally for the duration of your observation (i.e., at least 1 hour). Observations that are less than 1 hour will not be counted as complete.
Formatting
Journal entries using the appropriate templates should be completed for each observation session. The templates (available on the course website and below) should contain all of the identifying information. Journal entries that do not use the template will not be graded.
First, each journal entry must contain documentary information. This should cover (1) who did the observations and who was observed, (2) where and when did the observations happen, (3) what were the people being observed generally like, (4) what was the setting like, and (5) keep tr.
This document discusses an assignment for a class discussion on jingles in radio advertising. Students are instructed to identify a jingle they dislike and one they like, analyze why each jingle works or does not work, and present their critique to the class. They are also asked to provide thoughtful responses to at least two other student posts by going beyond simple agreement and adding something new to the discussion. A grading rubric is provided that evaluates submissions based on professionalism, thoroughness, and progression.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
9. MEHMOOD3, (Senior Member, IEEE),
ELHADJ BENKHLIFA4, AND HOUBING SONG5, (Member,
IEEE)
1Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of
science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
2Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura
University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
3High Performance Computing Centre, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
4Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, U.K.
5Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
Corresponding author: L. A. Tawalbeh ([email protected])
This work was supported by the Long-Term National Science
Technology and Innovation Plan (LT-NSTIP) under Grant 13-
ELE2527-10
and in part by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and
Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia.
ABSTRACT Mobile devices are increasingly becoming an
indispensable part of people’s daily life,
facilitating to perform a variety of useful tasks. Mobile cloud
computing integrates mobile and cloud
computing to expand their capabilities and benefits and
overcomes their limitations, such as limited memory,
CPU power, and battery life. Big data analytics technologies
enable extracting value from data having four
Vs: volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. This paper
discusses networked healthcare and the role of mobile
cloud computing and big data analytics in its enablement. The
motivation and development of networked
healthcare applications and systems is presented along with the
adoption of cloud computing in healthcare.
A cloudlet-based mobile cloud-computing infrastructure to be
10. used for healthcare big data applications
is described. The techniques, tools, and applications of big data
analytics are reviewed. Conclusions are
drawn concerning the design of networked healthcare systems
using big data and mobile cloud-computing
technologies. An outlook on networked healthcare is given.
INDEX TERMS Healthcare systems, big data analytics, mobile
cloud computing, cloudlet infrastructure,
health applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, there have been many advances in information and
communication technologies that have been transforming the
world; the world is increasingly becoming a small neighbor-
hood. Among these technologies are the cloud computing, the
wireless communications (3G/4G/5G), and the competitive
mobile devices industry. The mobile devices can provide
variety of services to facilitate our living style [1]. They are
integrated in our daily routine to help performing variety
of tasks such as location determination, time management,
image processing, booking hotels, selling and buying online,
and staying connected with others. Also, there are mobile
applications to help you measure and manage your health
through applications for blood pressure, exercises, and weight
loss [2].
The mobility feature of mobile devices (Figure 1) changed
the way that people use different technologies all over the
world. There is no need any more to stay at your office to
do your job or daily activities. The users can move to many
FIGURE 1. Mobility features.
locations based on many parameters for easier life such as
efficiency, stable and fast internet connection and data privacy
11. concerns to impose the need to protect the users’ data from
unauthorized disclosure especially over non-secure wireless
channels [3]. All these features of mobile devices and inte-
grating them in our life speed up the transition towards
greener and smarter cities [4].
VOLUME 4, 2016
2169-3536
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Personal use is also permitted, but republication/redistribution
requires IEEE permission.
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L. A. Tawalbeh et al.: Mobile Cloud Computing Model and Big
Data Analysis for Healthcare Applications
FIGURE 2. Cloud computing concept.
Another recent technology is cloud computing
(see Figure 2) which allows access to the stored information
from anywhere at any time, and can be used in different
organizations or by individuals to enhance productivity and
increase performance and reduce the cost and complexity [5].
Cloud computing is defined by NIST as ‘‘a model for
enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
12. management effort or service provider interaction’’ [6].
Moreover, integrating the mobile devices with cloud com-
puting to utilize the unlimited service provided by the cloud
through the mobile device results in what is known as Mobile
Cloud Computing [7]. The Cloud Computing relies on a set
of network-connected resources shared to maximize their
utilization resulting in reduced management and capital costs.
Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is set to benefit many sec-
tors including the cloud-healthcare systems. As an example,
MCC healthcare system was built to capture and analyze real
time biomedical signals (such as ECG and Blood pressure)
from users in different locations. On the mobile device, a per-
sonalized healthcare application is installed and health data
are being synchronized into the healthcare cloud computing
service for storage and analysis [8].
MCC expands the capabilities and benefits of the mobile
devices, and overcomes their limitations, so the users will not
be worried about the memory size and required CPU power
to run intensive tasks that consume considerable amount of
energy [9] and require extra memory. For example, multi-
media applications which are known to be among the most
common applications in today’s mobile devices involve shar-
ing and creating images and video files. These applications
require high computing capabilities, big space to be stored,
and maybe more security protection [10] which are chal-
lenges for mobile devices. Mobile cloud computing resolves
these issues by storing the large multimedia file on the cloud,
and it will be available to the mobile users when requested
resulting in better performance. And since the energy drain
is an important issue in mobile devices and sometimes limits
the optimum utilization of these devices, the researchers are
motivated to find optimization methods to reduce the con-
sumed energy by mobile devices in the cloud and mobile
13. computing environments [11].
Besides all the great benefits of using the mobile cloud
computing, there are still some limitations such as the delays
encountered when the mobile devices access the cloud ser-
vices from far distance which are mainly due to/from the
mobile devices. It is believed that using the cloudlet concept
between the enterprise cloud and the mobile device has a
good impact in reducing connection latencies and power
consumption [12].
On the other side, there are many challenges associated
with storing data on cloud, and mainly is to protect the
privacy of the users’ data from unauthorized access and from
malicious attacks. Also, availability of the owners’ data at any
time request is an issue. The integrity is also a concern in
which the data should not be altered or modified by intrud-
ers. Many cryptographic techniques can be used to provide
solution to these information security concerns [13], [14].
It is well-known that healthcare applications require large
amounts of computational and communication resources, and
involve dynamic access to large amounts of data within
and outside the heath organization leading to the need for
networked healthcare [15]. Mobile cloud computing could
provide the necessary computational resources at the right
place and right time through cloudlet and fog computing
based architectures. Moreover, big data and relevant tech-
nologies could provide the data management and analytics
solutions that are necessary to reduce healthcare costs and
improve system and clinical inefficiencies. Big data refers to
the emerging technologies that are designed to extract value
from data having four Vs characteristics; volume, variety,
velocity and veracity. Big data is set to affect the future
network traffic and hence the network architectures [15].
See [16] for a survey on big data.
14. This paper discusses the concept of networked healthcare
and its enablement through the mobile cloud computing and
big data analytics technologies. The motivation and devel-
opment of networked healthcare applications and systems
is presented along with the adoption of cloud computing in
healthcare. A cloudlet–based mobile cloud computing infras-
tructure to be used for healthcare big data applications is
described. The techniques, tools, and applications of big data
analytics are reviewed. Conclusions are drawn concerning the
design of networked healthcare systems using big data and
mobile cloud computing technologies.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II
presents the literature review, and Section III discusses the
healthcare applications and systems. Section IV presents the
cloudlet based mobile cloud computing infrastructure for
healthcare use. Section V presents big data analytics, fol-
lowed by a review of data analytics tools in Section VI.
Section VII concludes the paper and provides an outlook for
networked healthcare.
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II. RELATED WORK
There are many related work in the literature about cloud and
mobile cloud computing and their useful applications in many
life aspects including health and financial transactions. Not
neglecting the important issue of securing users sensitive data
on the cloud, a secure framework for cloud computing based
on data classification is proposed in [17]. This framework
15. categorizes the data based on its confidentiality, and selects
the suitable encryption mechanism to provide the appropriate
protection for each data category.
The authors in [18] presented a prototype implementation
of cloudlet architecture. They pointed out the advantages of
such architecture in real-time applications. In the straight
forward approach, the cloudlet is fixed near a wireless access
points. But in this prototype, a cloudlet can be chosen dynam-
ically from the resources inside the network to manage the
running applications on the component model.
In [19], a large scale Cloudlet MCC model was deployed
for the purpose of reducing network delay and power dis-
sipation especially for intensive jobs such as multimedia
applications. Also, the large scale deployment covering large
areas allows the mobile users to stay connected with the cloud
services remotely while they are moving within this area with
less broadband communication needs while satisfying high
quality service requirements.
The impact of using cloudlet along with mobile cloud
computing on some interactive applications (including video
streaming) was analyzed in [20]. The authors compared the
two models in terms of system throughput and data transfer
delay. Their results indicated that in most cases, the use of the
cloudlet-based model outperformed the cloud-based model.
A framework to provide personalized emotion-aware services
by mobile cloud computing is proposed in [21].
Energy conservation is a major concern in cloud computing
systems with huge number of operating data centers that
consume large amounts of power. Moreover, the prediction
of how much this consumption will increase depends on
the dynamic expansion of their infrastructures to meet the
increasing demand for huge computation and massive com-
16. munication. The authors in [22] proposed resources man-
agement and optimization policies in the Cloud such as
using virtualization, VM live migration, and server consoli-
dation. They presented an energy efficient network resources
management approach, and proposed a practical multi-level
Cloud Resource-Network Management (CRNM) algorithm,
which is implemented in a virtual Cloud environment using
Snooze framework as the Cloud energy efficiency manager.
The results showed saving of more than 70% of power con-
sumption in Cloud data centers compared to other non-power
aware algorithms.
III. NETWORKED HEALTHCARE: MOTIVATIONS
AND STATE-OF-THE-ART
This section provides the motivation for networked health-
care followed by a review of literature on the state-of-the-
art of networked healthcare architectural and performance
studies including those implemented on cloud computing
platforms.
Healthcare, like many other sectors, has grown rapidly
with the massive growth in ICT. The increasing role and
benefits of ICT in healthcare are becoming visible in the
health informatics, bioengineering and Healthcare Informa-
tion Systems (HIS). We can now imagine a near future
where healthcare providers can port powerful analytics and
decision support tools to mobile computing devices aiding
clinicians at the point of care helping them with synthesis
of data from multiple sources, and context-aware decision
making [23]. Major drivers for ICT-based healthcare include
demands for increased access to and quality of healthcare,
rising healthcare costs, system inefficiencies, variations in
quality of care, high prevalence of medical errors, greater
public analysis of government spending, ageing population,
and the fact that patients and the public want a greater say
17. in decisions about their health and healthcare. The scientific
developments that are yet to reach their required potential for
providing personalized healthcare include genetic and molec-
ular research, translation of knowledge into clinical practice,
new processes and relationships in product development and
knowledge management [24]. However, we believe that the
major hurdles for the healthcare industry in realizing the full
potential of ICT include the social reasons including privacy
of health data and public trust [25].
The key management strategies that healthcare executives
should focus on over the coming years include Collabora-
tion, Open Systems, and Innovation [26]. The key health
information technologies (HIT), according to them to be
deployed over the next decade include Electronic Health
Record (EHR), Personal Health Record (PHR), and Health
Information Exchange (HIE) systems. They projected that
by 2020, 80% of health care provider organizations will
have implemented EHR systems in the US, and 80% of the
general population will have started using PHR systems in
the US. A vision of Medical Informatics in 2040 is presented
in [27]. The authors believe that transformation of healthcare
will be enabled through the implementation of technologies
including genomic information systems & bio-repositories
integrated with EHR systems; nanotechnology, advanced user
interface solutions, e.g. wearable systems, health apps, health
information exchange (HIE) with other industries/sectors
such as pharma and manufacturing, Home-based TeleHealth
solutions interconnecting patients with health care providers,
and medical robotic devices interfaced to health IT (HIT)
systems.
The United States Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices [24] envisions personalized health care and gives a
perspective on how far and how quickly we have come in
treatment strategies of dangerous diseases including cancer,
18. diabetes and heart attacks. In 2014, Apple introduced the
mobile health platform HealthKit [28], a cloud API made
available for iOS 8 [29]. HealthKit benefits by the Apple’s
partnership on this enterprise with Mayo Clinic and soft-
ware company Epic Systems. The HealthKit API provides
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the users with an interface for accessing and sharing their
PHRs. The information collected through the Apple Health
App could be integrated with, for example, the Epic’s EHR
systems allowing the use of Epic’s software tools. The Apple
Health app provides a convenient entry point to personal-
ized health services. Apple has also provided information
for developers and extended an invitation to discuss the
possibilities for interaction of various devices with the sys-
tem [30]. The ‘‘S’’ Health app from Samsung for Android
platform is also being used by many people on their smart
phones [31]. These are important milestones in the move
towards personalized healthcare. We believe that the major
innovations in personalized healthcare will begin when open
Source community will start contributing in the healthcare
applications space.
Having discussed the motivation for networked healthcare,
we now review literature on the architectural and performance
studies in healthcare.
There have been many studies on performance modeling
and analyses of healthcare applications over communication
networks [15], and distributed systems [32], including cloud
19. computing systems [15], [33]. A quantitative modeling study
to demonstrate the potential of computational grids for its use
in healthcare organizations to deploy diverse medical appli-
cations was presented in [32]. The study considered multiple
organizational and application scenarios for grid deployment
in networked healthcare including four different classes of
healthcare applications and 3 different types of healthcare
organizations. The computational requirements of key health-
care applications were identified and a Markov model of a
networked healthcare system was built. For each scenario,
steady state probability distributions of the respective Markov
models were computed in order to analyze the system per-
formance. Various performance measures of interest such
as blocking probability and throughput could be computed
from these state probability distributions. The paper provides
an interesting insight into computational requirements of
healthcare applications, as well as provides a platform to
explore communication requirements of healthcare applica-
tions. These requirements are important because the traffics
on future networks connecting healthcare systems are likely
to be dominated by the analytics applications that require fre-
quent, low-latency, communications. These individual com-
munications though may not be heavy in terms of data,
however will create significant traffic due to the large number
of individual communications. This is also very typical of
high performance computing applications. A healthcare mon-
itoring system based on wireless sensor networks is proposed
in [34]. Specifically, the monitoring system monitors phys-
iological parameters from multiple patient bodies through
a coordinator node attached to the patient’s body that col-
lects the signals from the wireless sensors and sends them
to the base station. Continuous monitoring of physiological
parameters is an important application area of healthcare and
has major implication on the design of network that con-
nects sensors, analysis applications, physicians, healthcare
20. systems and providers. For example, as exemplified in this
paper, monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate of a preg-
nant woman, and the heart rate/movement of the fetus, is
a vital requirement for managing her health. The sensors
attached to a patient’s body form a wireless body sensor
network (WBSN) and provide information related to heart
rate, blood pressure and other health related parameters.
A framework for a unified middleware based on Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) to enable mobile healthcare appli-
cations over heterogeneous networks is proposed in [35].
Their motivation is the need for anytime anywhere delivery
of healthcare services that will in turn require operation over
heterogeneous networks. Their approach is to use the pro-
posed unified middleware to isolate applications from mobil-
ity management and other transport/discovery related tasks.
A survey of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for healthcare
is provided in [36]. An overview of the design issues for
healthcare monitoring systems using WSNs is provided along
with a discussion of the benefits of these systems. Several
applications and prototypes of WSN healthcare monitoring
systems are reviewed from the literature, as well as challenges
and open research problems for the design of these systems.
A study of end-to-end network performance within and
between three hospitals in the Central-West region of Ontario
with the aim to examine the healthcare applications require-
ments was presented in [37]. The OPNET modeler is used to
study the network performance. Results of four applications
used in this study; database, HTTP, FTP, email, were pre-
sented and discussed for throughput and queuing delays for
servers and the main router. A comparative study on mobile
computing to get a better solution for mobile healthcare appli-
cations was presented in [38]. A mobile cloud architecture
relevant to healthcare applications that stores and manages
personal healthcare data was proposed. A number of other
21. works have discussed cloud computing adoption in healthcare
and the expected advantages and limitations, see e.g. [39].
In the context of networked healthcare we should men-
tion the Health Level Seven International standard. HL7 is
a not-for-profit organization that was formed in 1987. It is
accredited by ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
and it is ‘‘dedicated to providing a comprehensive framework
and related standards for the exchange, integration, sharing,
and retrieval of electronic health information that supports
clinical practice and the management, delivery and evaluation
of health services’’ [40]. ‘‘Level Seven’’ refers to the seventh
layer (the application layer) of the International Organiza-
tion for Standardization (ISO) seven-layer communications
model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).
Many studies have explored the networked systems and
QoS in transferring data over different networks, which is
very important in many applications especially in healthcare.
Service modeling of multimedia over Wi-Fi networks was
explored in [41]. End to end Service Modeling of multimedia
(video, voice and text) over VoIP networks within metropoli-
tan area network environments was explored in [42] with
a focus on VoIP. The study also presented a novel analysis
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L. A. Tawalbeh et al.: Mobile Cloud Computing Model and Big
Data Analysis for Healthcare Applications
methodology combining simulations and Markov modeling.
A scalable multimedia QoS architecture for ad hoc networks
was proposed in [43]. Cross-Layer QoS and provisioning for
multimedia applications (video, voice and text) over wireless
22. Ad hoc Networks was reported in [44]. Classification of ad-
hoc networks design, infrastructure, and QoS for multimedia
communications over wireless networks was reported in [45].
An important trend to enable next generation networked
healthcare systems would be the networking and integra-
tion of healthcare and other smart city systems, particularly
for healthcare related operations, such as integration with
transportation [46]–[49] and logistics systems [50], [51]. For
instance, in [50] electronic health records (EHRs) and other
smart city information systems are used together for capac-
ity sharing and to provide enhanced efficiencies. Networked
healthcare systems will eventually be designed as sustainable
enterprise systems which will be part of networked smart
city information and operations systems [52], [53]. Model-
ing methods that leverage high performance computing and
are able to deal with big data, such as [47] and [49], will
be required in studying such complex networked healthcare
systems.
IV. MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR HEALTH CARE BIG DATA
There are many mobile cloud computing infrastructures
for different usages including the healthcare applications.
The traditional infrastructures involve set of cloud resources
accessed remotely by the users of different types of devices
via through the Internet as shown in Figure 3.
FIGURE 3. Mobile cloud computing traditional infrastructure.
The massive spread of mobile applications in all and every
area of the peoples life resulted in huge amounts of data
that need to be processed and analyzed efficiently in less
time and power complexity which imposes the need for new
competitive MCC models other than the traditional one.
23. Performance Enhancement Framework using the Cloudlet
was proposed in [54]. The cloudlet (figure 4) can be consid-
ered as a closer cloud with many advantages and capabilities
to avoid several limitations of distant cloud. And so, a limited
resources cloudlet will not help, and might have bad impact
on the performance. So, it is believed that the cloudlet scheme
which is introduced as a middle stage between the cloud
FIGURE 4. The cloudlet concept.
and the mobile device has a good chance to overcome the
challenges associated with MCC such as latencies and power
consumption [55].
But, in some cases, the mobile user has no choice other than
connecting directly to the EC. This happens when the mobile
device needs to update files stored in the Enterprise Cloud or
request certain services that are not available in the Cloudlet.
Motivated by the cloudlet concept, the authors in [56] built
a mobile cloud system to be used in different applications
such as universities. Their system use different sensors to
carry out many tasks. They proposed and implemented two
main applications in traffic management and fire detection
and the data from sensors is processed in mobile cloud sys-
tem. In the same context, the researcher in [57] introduced
an efficient cloudlet MCC model in which the mobile users
communicate directly to the cloudlet instead of the enterprise
cloud. Their model can be applied in many environments
including hospitals were big amounts of data need to be saved
and processed.
The Big Data is a recent term associated with the huge
amounts of stored /obtained data due to the revolutionary
advances in different technologies including: cloud com-
puting, spread of social media, and wireless communica-
24. tion technologies. It is defined according to: the size of
data (volume), types of data based on the producing source
(variety), and the time frequency to generate the data
(velocity); every, minute, day, month, or a decade [58]. Some
of this big amount of data could be processed offline, but
some applications needs real time processing for this data
such as health applications where the data analysis and
extracting the right decisions makes a difference between
patients life and death. Figure 5 shows Mobile cloud comput-
ing for healthcare big data applications. In this MCC model
the cloudlets are placed nearby the hospital and cover an area
that can be accessed by authorized people who can access
the patients’ information and follow their status remotely.
Moreover, in this model, there is big amount of patients data
being generated and need to be analyzed, and the next section
discusses the data analytics.
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Data Analysis for Healthcare Applications
FIGURE 5. Healthcare big data in MCC.
V. DATA ANLAYTICS
The science of examining raw data with the purpose of
drawing conclusion or inspecting, cleaning, modeling and
transforming data with the purpose of highlighting useful
information is called data analytics [59]. This method is being
used in many industries to allow manager to take best business
decisions and verify or disprove existing theories and models.
This science is different from data mining by the purpose,
scope and focus of analysis, in data mining, miners sort
through huge data sets with the help of sophisticated software
25. to identify hidden relationships and undiscovered patterns.
While data analytics focuses on the conclusion reached on
the basis of evidence and reasoning, the method of deriv-
ing a result based solely on what is already known by the
researcher. Recently Big Data and Big Data Analytics are
being used to explain data sets and analytical methods in
to the application which are very large, for example, TB to
exabytes and complex from sensor to social media data which
require advanced and unique data management, storage, visu-
alization and analysis technologies. See e.g. [60].
Data analytics science is divided into exploratory data anal-
ysis (EDA), confirmatory data analysis (CDA) and qualitative
data analysis (QDA). In EDA new features in the data are dis-
covered, in CDA existing hypotheses are proven true or false
and QDA is being used in social sciences to draw conclusion
from non-numerical data for example, photographs, videos
or words. In IT sector data analytics has special meaning in
the context of IT audits where an organization’s information
system, processes and operations are examined. Data analysis
is also being used to get the information about data protec-
tion, operational efficiency and success in accomplishing an
organization overall goals.
The term ‘analytics’ has been used by business intelli-
gence software vendors as a buzzword to explain different
functions [59]. Data analytics is also used to explain, for
example online analytical processing to customer relation
management (CRM) analytics in call centers, bank …