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1. The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDC
The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDCThe Roots of Public Health Nursing
Discussion MDCRead Chapter 1: Public Health Nursing: Present, Past, and Future and
answer the question below. PowerPoint attached.Analyze the roots of public health nursing.
Explain its influence on practice todayFollow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum three paragraphs,
with a minimum of three sentences each paragraph (100 words per paragraph
minimum)Format: APA format according to Publication Manual American Psychological
Association (APA) (6th ed.) 2009 ISBN: 978-1-4338-0561-5Minimum of two references, not
older than 2015.ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSChapter 1:
Public Health Nursing: Present, Past, and Future Chapter Highlights ? Healthcare changes in
the 21st century ? Characteristics of public health nursing ? Public health nursing roots ?
Challenges for practice in the 21st century Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights
Reserved Question #1 Is the following statement true or false? Healthcare disparities are
social conditions in which people live and work. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All
Rights Reserved Answer to Question #1 False Rationale: Social determinants of health are
social conditions in which people live and work. Healthcare disparities are gaps in
healthcare experienced by one population compared with another. Copyright © 2020
Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Major Changes in Healthcare in the 21st Century ?
Development of patient/client-centered care ? Increased use of technology ? Increased
personal responsibility Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Healthcare
Changes in the 21st Century #1 ? Social determinants of health are social conditions in
which people live, their income, their social status, their education, their literacy level, their
home and work environment, their networks, their gender, their culture, and the
availability of health services Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Healthcare Changes in the 21st Century #2 ? Healthcare disparities—differences in
healthcare and health outcomes experienced by one population compared with another
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Role of Government in Healthcare ?
Three core functions are as follows: o Assesses healthcare problems o Intervenes by
developing relevant healthcare policy that provides access to services o Ensures that
services are delivered and outcomes are achieved Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All
Rights Reserved Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) ? Provide affordable
health insurance coverage to most Americans ? Lower costs ? Improve access to primary
care ? Preventive care and prescription benefits ? Cover pre-existing conditions ? Extend
young adults’ coverage Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Question #2

2. ? What is one of the core functions of the role of government in healthcare? A. Provide
affordable health insurance coverage B. Improve access to primary care C. Lower costs D.
Assess healthcare problems Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Answer to Question #2 D. Assess healthcare problems Rationale: Three core functions are
to assess healthcare problems, intervene by developing relevant healthcare policy that
provides access to services, and ensure that services are delivered and outcomes are
achieved. One of the goals of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is to
provide affordable health insurance coverage. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All
Rights Reserved Patient/Client-Centered Care ? Cultural traditions ? Personal preferences ?
Values ? Families ? Lifestyles Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Technology ? Rapidly advancing forms of technology are dramatically improving lives.
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Health Information Technology ?
Health information technology (HIT)—comprehensive management of health information
and its exchange between consumers, providers, government, and insurers in a secure
manner ?The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDCElectronic health records
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Telehealth ? Use of electronic
information and telecommunications technologies to long-distance clinical healthcare,
patient and professional health-related education, public health, and health administration
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Personal Responsibility for Health ?
Active participation in one’s own health through education and lifestyle changes Copyright
© 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Public Health Nursing ? Public health
nursing—population-based practice, defined as a synthesis of nursing and public health
within the context of preventing disease and disability and promoting and protecting the
health of the entire community Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Principles of Public Health Nursing #1 ? Client or unit of care is the population. ? Primary
obligation is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people or people as a
whole. ? Public health nurses collaborate with the client as an equal partner. Copyright ©
2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Principles of Public Health Nursing #2 ? Primary
prevention is the priority in selecting appropriate activities. ? Public health nursing focuses
on strategies that create healthy environmental, social, and economic conditions in which
populations may thrive. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Principles
of Public Health Nursing #3 ? A public health nurse is obligated to actively identify and
reach out to all who might benefit from a specific activity or service. ? Optimal use of
available resources and creation of new evidence-based strategies is necessary to assure the
best overall improvement in the health of populations. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer ·
All Rights Reserved Principles of Public Health Nursing #4 ? Collaboration with other
professions, populations, organizations, and stakeholder groups is the most effective way to
promote and protect the health of people. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights
Reserved Scope and Standards of Practice ? The American Nurses Association sets the scope
and standards for all professional nursing practice. ? The publication Public Health Nursing:
Scope and Standards of Practice establishes the characteristics of competent public health
nursing practice and is the legal standard of practice. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer ·
All Rights Reserved Competencies for Public Health Nursing Practice ? Three tiers of

3. practice ? Competencies associated with that level of practice Copyright © 2020 Wolters
Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Public Health Intervention Wheel ? 17 interventions ? Actions
taken on behalf of individuals, families, communities, and systems to protect or improve
health status Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Public Health Nursing
Interventions ? Population-based model ? Applied to individuals, families, communities, or
within systems ? Focuses upon prevention Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights
Reserved Education for Public Health Nursing Practice ? The Roots of Public Health Nursing
Discussion MDCPublic health nursing practice o Baccalaureate degree in nursing (BS or
BSN) o Generalist master’s degree as clinical nurse leader (CNL) ? Public health nursing
specialists in population health o MSN o MPH o MSN/MPH o Doctoral degrees: PhD, DNP,
DrPH Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Roots of Public Health
Nursing ? Early civilization ? Middle Ages ? English Poor Law ? Variety of reforms in 1800s ?
Victorian times ? District nursing Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Public Health Initiatives in Early America ? American social values strongly influenced by
British traditions ? Need for organized public health system ? Lemuel Shattuck ? Dorothea
Dix ? Clara Barton ? Lillian Wald Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Public Health Initiatives in the 20th Century ? Mary Breckinridge ? Early 20th-century
federal healthcare initiatives ? Public health in the second half of the century Copyright ©
2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved The First Decade of the 21st Century ?
Department of Homeland Security: fosters an allhazards, all-disciplines approach to
emergency management ? Must be flexible, be politically active, embrace change, and
refresh their knowledge of public health issues on a continual basis Copyright © 2020
Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Engaging in Evidence-Based Practice ? Evidence-based
nursing is the integration of the best evidence available with clinical expertise and the
values of the client to increase the quality of care. Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All
Rights Reserved Evidence-Based Public Health ? Public health endeavor with judicious use
of evidence derived from a broad variety of science and social science research Copyright ©
2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Epidemiology ? Science of prevention ?
Knowledge of the natural history of diseases and the identified (risk) factors that increase a
person’s susceptibility to illness Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved
Challenges for Public Health Nursing in the 21st Century #1 ? Engaging in evidence-based
practice ? Helping eliminate health disparities in underserved populations ? Demonstrating
cultural competence ? Planning for community change ? Contributing to a safe and healthy
environment Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved Challenges for Public
Health Nursing in the 21st Century #2 The Roots of Public Health Nursing Discussion MDC