The document discusses the front office audit process. It describes several key functions:
1) Verifying transactions have been properly posted to guest and non-guest accounts, balancing front office accounts, and resolving discrepancies.
2) Tracking operating statistics like revenues and occupancy, and summarizing daily transactions.
3) Preparing reports for management review, preparing cash receipts for deposit, performing system backups, and distributing reports.
The audit process aims to ensure all transactions are accurately accounted for and any errors or discrepancies are resolved. Automated systems streamline many audit tasks and enable real-time monitoring and balancing of accounts.
Sections & Layout of FO, Organizational chart of FO (Small, Medium & Large Hotels), Duties & Responsibilities, Attributes, Co-ordination with other departments, Equipment's used (Manual & Automated)
A PowerPoint presentation for the students of second semester in Hospitality Management colleges.
The presentation contains lot of images and graphics for ease of understanding; and text has been minimised so as to reduce the sleeping effect, which prolonged reading has on the current generation of learners.
Sections & Layout of FO, Organizational chart of FO (Small, Medium & Large Hotels), Duties & Responsibilities, Attributes, Co-ordination with other departments, Equipment's used (Manual & Automated)
A PowerPoint presentation for the students of second semester in Hospitality Management colleges.
The presentation contains lot of images and graphics for ease of understanding; and text has been minimised so as to reduce the sleeping effect, which prolonged reading has on the current generation of learners.
Another PowerPoint file that has been updated after revising from the book of Michael kasavana and Richard Brooks. Many important additions will make this file useful to students during study at home. Feedback and suggestions from students and Hospitality trainers are most welcome!
Room Assignment
Room Assignment involves identifying and allocating an available room in a specific room category to a guest.
On the basis reservation information, specific rooms and rates may be pre-assigned to the guest.
To best satisfy guest request, front desk agents must know the differences between room types and be capable of querying the system to determine each guestroom’s rate, occupancy status, furnishings, location, and amenities.
Typical room status descriptions: Occupied, Vacant, On-change, and Out-of-order.
Assigning Room Rate
Room Rate – is the price a hotel charges for overnight accommodations; the standard or non-discounted rate for a room is called the “rack rate”
Room rates are typically confirmed as part of the reservation process
Special room rates may include: commercial or corporate, complimentary, group, family, Day, package-plan, and frequent traveler
Room rates may include a dining room plan: American Plan, Modified American Plan, or European Plan.
Check out in hotels is not just a set of tasks to be mechanically executed by a robotic front office staff. The Goodwill of the hotel rests so much upon this last stage of guest cycle that the students of hospitality must not learn this topic as just any other topic.
Front Office Accounting
Basics of Front Office Accounting
Types of Accounts
Types of Folios
Types of Postings
Types of Vouchers
Accounting Terminologies
Accounting System
Credit Monitoring
Floor Limit
Credit Limit
House Limit
Front Office Accounting Cycle
Stages of Settlement
Internal Audit
Handling Cash Float
Types of Transactions
Introduction to Credit Control
Cash Control
Internal Control
Elements of Internal Audit
Principles of Internal Audit
Physical Control Measures
Cash Inflow Control
Why do hotels sell on credit
Objectives of Credit Control
Credit Control Problems
Methods of Credit Control
Credit Control for guests at check-in
Credit Control during guest stay
Credit Control during/ post departure
Credit Control for Companies/ Travel Agents
a presentation to explain the term room tariff, the basis of charging tariff, factors that make the rate go up or down. Also, the importance of tariff in success of a hotel in financial terms. Revenue management introduction.
Night Audit in Front Office
Introduction
Functions of Night Audit
Duties of Night Auditor
Audit Posting Formula
Bucket Check
Night Audit Process
Night Audit Reports
Rate Variance Report
Revenue Report
Occupancy Report
Commission Report
High Balance Report
Operating Modes
Important Terminologies
Another PowerPoint file that has been updated after revising from the book of Michael kasavana and Richard Brooks. Many important additions will make this file useful to students during study at home. Feedback and suggestions from students and Hospitality trainers are most welcome!
Room Assignment
Room Assignment involves identifying and allocating an available room in a specific room category to a guest.
On the basis reservation information, specific rooms and rates may be pre-assigned to the guest.
To best satisfy guest request, front desk agents must know the differences between room types and be capable of querying the system to determine each guestroom’s rate, occupancy status, furnishings, location, and amenities.
Typical room status descriptions: Occupied, Vacant, On-change, and Out-of-order.
Assigning Room Rate
Room Rate – is the price a hotel charges for overnight accommodations; the standard or non-discounted rate for a room is called the “rack rate”
Room rates are typically confirmed as part of the reservation process
Special room rates may include: commercial or corporate, complimentary, group, family, Day, package-plan, and frequent traveler
Room rates may include a dining room plan: American Plan, Modified American Plan, or European Plan.
Check out in hotels is not just a set of tasks to be mechanically executed by a robotic front office staff. The Goodwill of the hotel rests so much upon this last stage of guest cycle that the students of hospitality must not learn this topic as just any other topic.
Front Office Accounting
Basics of Front Office Accounting
Types of Accounts
Types of Folios
Types of Postings
Types of Vouchers
Accounting Terminologies
Accounting System
Credit Monitoring
Floor Limit
Credit Limit
House Limit
Front Office Accounting Cycle
Stages of Settlement
Internal Audit
Handling Cash Float
Types of Transactions
Introduction to Credit Control
Cash Control
Internal Control
Elements of Internal Audit
Principles of Internal Audit
Physical Control Measures
Cash Inflow Control
Why do hotels sell on credit
Objectives of Credit Control
Credit Control Problems
Methods of Credit Control
Credit Control for guests at check-in
Credit Control during guest stay
Credit Control during/ post departure
Credit Control for Companies/ Travel Agents
a presentation to explain the term room tariff, the basis of charging tariff, factors that make the rate go up or down. Also, the importance of tariff in success of a hotel in financial terms. Revenue management introduction.
Night Audit in Front Office
Introduction
Functions of Night Audit
Duties of Night Auditor
Audit Posting Formula
Bucket Check
Night Audit Process
Night Audit Reports
Rate Variance Report
Revenue Report
Occupancy Report
Commission Report
High Balance Report
Operating Modes
Important Terminologies
What is the End to End Process of Accounts Payable.pdfRathnakarReddy17
Accounts payable is the amount owed to a company for products purchased or services performed. The company has credit against a list of suppliers that must be repaid within a short period of time.
When we think of accounts payable in the accounting world, this term is also used to identify employees who process invoices to service providers.
The company's accounts payable process is to manage short-term payment obligations to vendors/suppliers.
Accounts Payable or AP is the amount a business owes its suppliers/suppliers in order to obtain its goods/services. Accounts Payable processing in Virginia ensures timely payments to vendors and vendors. The goal of the AP process is to ensure the legitimacy and accuracy of payments to suppliers/vendors by the business.
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4. Front Office Audit Functions
Verify posted entries
to Guest & Non-
Guest accounts
Balance Front Office
accounts
Resolve room status
& rate discrepancies
Review guest credit
transactions against
established limits
Generate operational
& managerial reports
5. The Front Office Auditor
Tracks operating statistics
• Room revenues
• Occupancy percentages
• Other statistics
Summarizes daily
transactions
• Cash
• Credit Card
• Debit Card
• Other transactions
6. Establishing End of Day
Auditors compilations of
Balances
Stopping point for the
Business Day
Night Shift
Transactions incurred next
working day
Manual transactions/ Paper
work
Electronic Postings
7. Cross-Referencing
Departments generate
paperwork to document
transactions
Revenue center transaction
classifies type of transaction,
made with & monetary value
Review automated postings Revenue centers not interfaced
Transactional documentation
establish records & maintain
controls
Non-automated operation,
supporting provide cross-
reference information
A “bucket check” ensures that
accurate room rates have been
posted
The auditor’s review of daily
postings reconciles front office
accounts with revenue center
& departmental records
8. Account Integrity
Sound internal control ensure
accuracy, completeness &
Integrity of procedures
Internal control include cash
control & separation of duties
Front office staff post, verify &
collect sales transactions
No single individual should be
responsible for accounting for all
phases of a transaction
Front office auditor establishes
account integrity by cross-
referencing account postings with
departmental source
documentation
9. Account Integrity
Audit is complete with totals for guest,
non-guest, & departmental accounts
are “in balance”
Audit presents “out-of-balance”
position, audit is considered incomplete
An out-of-balance position exists when
charges (debits) & credits posted to
guest & non-guest accounts do not
match debits & credits posted to
departmental revenue sources
Out-of-balance condition may require
thorough review of all account
transactions, statements, vouchers, &
other support documents
Automated system, out-of-balance
positions are rare
10. Guest Credit Monitoring
Software responsible for monitoring credit
Establishing credit limits depends upon payment card floor limits, hotel’s house limit &
guest’s reputation
Front office auditor should identify accounts have reached or exceeded credit limits; called
“high-balance accounts
Report listing high balance accounts should be prepared for appropriate action by
management
12. Daily and Supplemental Transcripts
Daily transcript is detailed report of guest accounts that summarizes & updates
those guest accounts that had transactional activity on that particular day
Supplemental transcript may track day’s transactional activity for non-guest
accounts
Together, daily transcript & supplemental transcript detail all transactions
occurring on single hotel day
13. Daily and Supplemental Transcripts
Data appearing on system-produced daily transcript is typically detailed by
revenue center, transaction type & transaction total
Basis for consolidated report accounting transactions from which revenue
center totals can be checked
Daily & supplemental transcripts are spreadsheets to eliminate posting
discrepancies
Daily & supplemental transcripts can facilitate front office audit routine by
identifying out-of-balance figures in advance of detailed review
14. Front Office Automation
Front office software
modules can be
interfaced with
• Point-of-sale equipment
• Call accounting systems
• In-room entertainment devices
• Other revenue sources
Automated systems
helps auditor to spend
• Auditing transactions
• Analyzing front office activities
• Less time performing routine postings & bookkeeping entries
Front office automated
systems
• Organize
• Compile
• Print records faster than manually
15. Front Office Automation
During audit, automated system can process large quantity of data, perform
numerous computations, generate accurate account totals
Automated system updates are run daily to establish audited end of day & allow
for report production, file reorganization, & system maintenance
Front office automated systems offer rapid access to information, enabling front
office managers to more knowledgeably plan, organize, & direct operations
16. The Front Office Audit Process
Complete
outstanding postings
Reconcile room
status discrepancies
Verify room rates
Balance departmental
accounts
Verify no-show
reservations
Post room rates &
taxes
Prepare reports
Prepare cash receipts
for deposit
Perform system back-
up routine
Distribute reports
17. The Front Office Audit
Process
One of primary functions of front office audit is
to ensure that all transactions affecting guest &
non-guest accounts have been posted to
appropriate folios
It is important that all transactions be accurately
posted & accounted for
Posting errors lead to discrepancies & delays at
check-out
Front office auditor must confirm that all
transactions have been posted before starting
audit routine
Auditor must verify that all vouchers for revenue
center transactions have been posted
Outstanding telephone charges may require
manual posting
With automated systems, revenue center totals
can be compared to totals reported by front
office accounting system; if figures are identical,
systems are in balance
If figures are not identical, auditor must look for
transactions that have been omitted or
improperly posted
Complete outstanding postings
18. The Front Office Audit
Process
Room status discrepancies must be resolved quickly
to avoid confusion at front desk & lost business
Front office system must maintain current &
accurate room status information to determine
number & types of rooms still available for sale
Housekeeping department typically requires staff to
record perceived status of guestrooms as they are
serviced
Auditor must review front office & housekeeping
reports to reconcile and finalize the occupancy
status of all guestrooms on given night
If housekeeping reports room as vacant, but front
office considers it occupied, auditor should search
for an active guestroom folio & registration record,
& verify that guest has indeed left hotel
If guest has left hotel, auditor should process check-
out & set folio aside for front office management
review & follow-up. Room should then be recorded
as vacant in system
Auditor should check guest folios, housekeeping
reports, & room status reports to make sure that all
three are consistent
Reconcile room status discrepancies
19. The Front Office Audit
Process
Verifying room rates is usually done at
same time as reconciling room status
Front office auditor will review system-
generated room report to check
guestroom rack rates (standard rates)
against actual rates (what rooms actually
were rented for) & analyze room
revenues
Guestroom rate verification is usually
performed by comparing room rate in
the registration record with the room
rate in front office system
During room revenue analysis, actual
room revenue posted in the system is
compared with the rack rate of rooms
occupied for night
Verify Room Rates
20. The Front Office Audit
Process
It is considered more efficient to balance all departmental
accounts first, then determine individual posting errors
within an out-of-balance department
Front office auditor typically balances all revenue center
departments using source documents that originated in
revenue center
Auditor seeks to balance all front office accounts against
departmental transaction information
Vouchers received electronically or manually at front desk
are totaled & compared with revenue center summaries
When system is out of balance, correctness &
thoroughness of account postings must be investigated.
Detailed department audit (by shift or cashier) may be
conducted & individual postings reviewed until error or
errors are detected & corrected
Process used to balance revenue center departments is
often called “trial balance.” Trial balance is a test of the
front office accounts to confirm proper balancing before
the final audit
Front office system will normally generate a trial balance
before initiating final audit reports. Trial balance usually
uncovers corrections or adjustments that must be made
during audit process
Mathematical balance in guest & non-guest accounts
against departmental totals does not necessarily mean that
proper accounts were selected for posting
Balance All Departmental Accounts
21. The Front Office Audit
Process
Front office auditor may also be responsible for
clearing reservation file or filing & posting
charges to no-show accounts
When initiating front office system posting of
no-show charges, auditor must verify that
reservation was guaranteed & guest failed to
register with hotel
Auditor must check that a duplicate reservation
was not made for “no-show” guest, or that
guest’s name was not misspelled
No-show billings must be handled with extreme
care. Front desk agent who does not record
cancellations properly may cause guests to be
billed incorrectly
Incorrect billings may cause payment card
companies to reevaluate their legal agreement &
relationship with hotel
Incorrectly billed guest may not return to hotel,
travel agency or other intermediary was involved
in reservation
Verify No-Show Reservations
22. The Front Office Audit
Process
Automatic posting of guestroom rates &
room taxes to guest folios typically occurs
at hotel’s end of day
Once guestroom rates & taxes are posted,
rate & tax report may be generated for
front office management review
Ability to electronically post room rates &
room taxes is one of most frequently cited
advantages of automated front office
system
Once front office initiates guestroom rate
postings, system auto-posts rates & taxes
to appropriate electronic folios
Some hotels pre-set their front office
systems to post daily recurring charges,
such as occupancy taxes (in those
communities who impose them), valet
parking fees, or mandatory gratuities
Auto-posting charges saves front office
audit time & improves accuracy
Post Room Rates and Taxes
23. The Front Office Audit
Process
Front office auditor typically prepares
reports for management review, such as
final department detail & summary reports,
daily operations report, high balance
report, & other reports specific to property
Final department detail and summary
reports help prove that transactions were
properly posed & accounted for
Daily operations report summarizes day’s
business & is considered most important
product of front office audit
High balance report identifies guests whose
charges are approaching their credit limits
Front office system may be programmed to
produce variety of other management
reports on demand: daily summary reports
or flash reports, group sales reports,
frequent guest reports, VIP reports, & so on
Prepare Reports
24. The Front Office Audit
Process
The front office auditor frequently prepares a
cash deposit voucher as part of the audit process
If front office cash receipts have not yet been
deposited, the front office auditor compares the
postings of cash payments and paid-outs (net
cash receipts) with actual cash on hand
A copy of the front office cashier shift report
may be included in the cash deposit envelope to
support any overage, shortage, or due back
balances
The hotel may require the front desk cashier to
deposit cash at the end of each shift without
knowing the value of cash receipts the system
has recorded (that is, make a “blind drop”)
Blind drops are used when management is
concerned that employees may not be reporting
all cash received
When a blind drop is used, the auditor compares
system totals per cashier with the cashier drop
document; variances are reported to
management
Prepare Cash Receipts for Deposit
25. The Front Office Audit
Process
System back-up routines are performed in
hotels that have automated systems
Normally, at least two guest lists are
printed for back-up and emergency use:
one for front desk staff and one for the
telephone switchboard operator. A guest
list may be printed for other hotel
departments as well (such as the security
department)
Other reports that may be printed: a room
status report, guest ledger report, front
office activity report, next day’s registration
report, and disabled guest report
System-generated front office information
should also be backed up onto a DVD or
other media
A system back-up should be conducted
after each audit and stored in a safe place
Many front office systems have two types
of back-ups: a daily back-up and system
back-up
Perform System Back-Up Routine
26. The Front Office Audit
Process
Due to sensitive & confidential nature of
front office information, front office
auditor must promptly deliver front office
reports to authorized individuals
Distribution of front office audit reports
is final step in front office audit routine
Front office managers can make more
informed decisions if front office audit
reports are completed accurately &
delivered on timely basis
Distribute Reports
27. System Update
System update in front office
accounting system accomplishes
many of functions in audit routine
System updates are performed daily
to enable system file reorganization,
system maintenance, & report
production, as well as to provide
end-of-day closure
Since front office systems audit
transactional postings as they occur,
there may be little or no need for
front office auditor to perform
account postings
Front office system may be
connected to revenue centers for
automatic postings, enabling the
system to monitor charges made at
revenue outlets throughout hotel
28. System Update
Auditor should routinely review system
interface procedures to ensure proper
handling of automatically posted
transactions from revenue outlets
Room status discrepancies are rare in
automated front office environment;
system can be programmed to
automatically flag discrepancies when
they occur so that they can be quickly
dealt with
In some front office systems, the
balancing of front office & department
accounts is continuously monitored in
real time
Front office systems can be programmed
to produce a variety of reports for
management
29. Centralized Front Office Audits
Front office automation significantly simplifies front
office audit process & allows multiple audit tests to be
performed simultaneously
Centralization of multiple audits reduces staffing
requirements for participating properties & provides
basis for consolidated reporting
Centralized front office audits usually work best in
limited-service hotels where there are few revenue
outlets & operating departments are closed before
start of audit process
At central location, auditor can obtain all information
necessary to complete audit routine over secure data
lines connecting participating hotels
Auditor can post corrective entries, back up system, &
produce reports for distribution to each hotel
Being able to quickly produce aggregate or
consolidated reports for a group of hotels is especially
beneficial to managers of chain properties