The document summarizes the acquisition and governance of several territories by the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses how Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guantanamo Bay, and the Philippines came under US control following the Spanish-American War. It also describes the construction of the Panama Canal and Roosevelt's expansion of US influence through policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Diplomacy.

1. Ch. 10.3-Acquiring New Lands

4. Puerto Rico Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War.

5. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status. Three options for the future? http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html

7. In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the United States with the Treaty of Paris. In 1902, the United States granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment. The US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment. The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today. In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed.

8. Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

9. What do you know about Cuba today?

10. The Philippines

12. Mckinley’s Dilemma: What to do with the Philippines? “…there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God's grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died.”

15. Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 After the Spanish-American War, the US took over the islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris

16. Philippine-American War The Philippine–American War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence It ended with American control over the islands 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-Some contend US committed genocide 4,165 US soldiers dead

19. In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status. Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by World War II when the Japanese invaded and took them over Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained its independence

20. China By the late 1800’s, it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been China wanted to prevent this from happening

21. The Boxer Rebellion

22. John Hay - Open Door Policy

25. Chapter 10.4 America as a World Power

26. Teddy Roosevelt’s Presidency Assumed Presidency after McKinley was killed Roosevelt the Peacemaker Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary

28. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 Japan shocked the world by defeating Russia Treaty of Portsmouth Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin Island from Russia Japan took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea

43. The Panama Canal A canal across Panama had been desired for a long time. Why? France had started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and disease In 1903, US buys French company’s route for $40 million Before starting, US had to get permission from Colombia which controlled Panama

45. Panama Canal Colombia refused to allow US entry With support from the US, Panama revolted against Colombia On November 3, 1903, Panama declared independence from Colombia US and Panama then signed canal deal where US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of $250,000 This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

46. Panama Canal Construction One of the biggest engineering undertakings ever Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria) Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove Over 43,000 workers helped build canal 5,600 workers dies Cost US $380 million Opened on August 15, 1914

47. The Roosevelt Corollary It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe The US would use force to protect interests in Latin America

48. “ Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”--Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big Stick” diplomacy. What does this mean? Look at examples

53. The Great White Fleet

55. Dollar Diplomacy-President Taft Using the US government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by US banks and businesses Economic imperialism US banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America US said it was needed to keep European powers out of Latin America “Substituting dollars for bullets”

58. President Woodrow Wilson Practiced “missionary diplomacy” US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the US Mexican government was overthrown by General Victoriano Huerta Wilson refused to recognize “a government of butchers” Wilson practiced “watchful waiting” in dealing with Huerta

61. President Woodrow Wilson US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested some Americans sailors War was extremely close until Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle conflict Huerta rejected the plan but his government collapsed shortly thereafter Venustiano Carranza became President Wilson recognized his government

62. Pancho Villa At first was pro-American but soon changed after President Carranza asked US to control Mexican mines Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions(once on US soil) President Wilson ordered General John Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico and capture Villa Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Pershing’s forces By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

66. Questions How do think Latin American countries viewed the United States at this time? Why? Why did the US intervene in Latin America all the time? Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”, “dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

67. President McKinley’s Assassination Killed by Leon Czolgosz(Cholgosh) He was an anarchist that wanted all leader to be wiped out Hoped to promote the anarchist movement Last statement: "I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people-the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime."