The document distinguishes three types of classroom speaking activities: 1) Talk as interaction which focuses on social functions like conversation and reflects relationships between speakers. 2) Talk as transaction which focuses on exchanging information clearly and accurately, like asking for directions. 3) Talk as performance which transmits information to an audience, like speeches.

1. Developing Classroom Speaking Activities; From Theory to Practice Written By: Jack C Richards

2. Brown and Yule (1983) distinguished the difference between the interactional function of speaking and transactional functions.