This document provides an overview of several theories of personality including:
- Carl Rogers' humanistic perspective which emphasized psychological growth and self-actualization. He proposed the concept of self-concept.
- Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs which arranged human needs in a pyramid from basic to more complex psychological needs.
- Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory which viewed people as agents that can act and influence their environment rather than just reacting. He emphasized social learning and self-efficacy.
- Gordon Allport's trait theory which categorized thousands of personality traits into common, cardinal, and central traits.
- Hans Eysenck's trait theory which identified three main dimensions of personality: neuroticism, extra
This document outlines the curriculum for an Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person course. It is divided into two quarters, each covering 4 units. The first quarter covers understanding philosophy, ways of doing philosophy, the human person as an embodied spirit, and the interplay between humans and their environment. Assessment includes recitations, quizzes, papers, and a debate. The second quarter covers human freedom and the consequences of choice, intersubjective relations, the interplay of individuality and social contexts, and humans' orientation towards death. Assessments are similar with a focus on reflections and an appreciation for others. The document provides learning competencies, activities, and assessment dates for each of the 8 units over the two quarters.
The document discusses motivation in consumer behavior. It provides learning outcomes on understanding motivation concepts like needs versus wants and positive versus negative motivation. It also summarizes several theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The key points are that motivation seeks to explain consumer behavior, and there are different motivation theories like Maslow, Freud, and others.
The document discusses theories of personality, including trait theory, learning theory, psychoanalytic theory, and phenomenological theory. It provides definitions of personality from various psychologists and outlines several influential trait theories such as Eysenck's three dimensions of personality and the Big Five theory. Freud's psychoanalytic concepts of the id, ego and superego are also summarized. The document aims to describe approaches to understanding personality and how characteristics develop.
This document provides an overview of action theory in sociology. It discusses the founder of action theory, Max Weber, and how he viewed social action as central to sociology. It outlines different types of actions according to Weber, including rational, traditional, and affectional actions. Later contributors to action theory like Parsons and Luhmann are mentioned. The document also discusses the importance of action theory in management, noting it provides a framework for setting targets and tracking improvements in business operations.
Certificate in Special Needs Education 3214.pptxAntonetteZamora1
This document discusses different models of human behavior, including psychoanalytic, existential, behavioral, and cognitive models. The psychoanalytic model proposed by Freud suggests that behavior is influenced by unconscious factors like the id, ego, and superego. The behavioral model emphasizes stimulus and response, and learning. The cognitive model focuses on concepts like expectancy and incentive. The document also briefly discusses an integrative framework for negotiation and essential guidelines for effective teaching.
Personality influences consumer behavior in important ways. The chapter discusses several theories of personality, including Freudian theory which views personality as formed by unconscious drives, and Jungian theory which categorizes people into four personality types based on how they gather and evaluate information. Marketers can use personality theories to better understand consumer diversity and identify target personality segments. The chapter also explores how personality traits like innovativeness and risk-seeking influence whether consumers adopt new products early or later.
In this presentation, we will understand the meaning, determinants and types of human personality and its effect and impact on behavior. We will also discuss about Levinson’s Theory of Adult Stage, Hall’s Career Stage Model, Argyris Immaturity to Maturity Theory and the socialization process.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This document outlines the curriculum for an Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person course. It is divided into two quarters, each covering 4 units. The first quarter covers understanding philosophy, ways of doing philosophy, the human person as an embodied spirit, and the interplay between humans and their environment. Assessment includes recitations, quizzes, papers, and a debate. The second quarter covers human freedom and the consequences of choice, intersubjective relations, the interplay of individuality and social contexts, and humans' orientation towards death. Assessments are similar with a focus on reflections and an appreciation for others. The document provides learning competencies, activities, and assessment dates for each of the 8 units over the two quarters.
The document discusses motivation in consumer behavior. It provides learning outcomes on understanding motivation concepts like needs versus wants and positive versus negative motivation. It also summarizes several theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The key points are that motivation seeks to explain consumer behavior, and there are different motivation theories like Maslow, Freud, and others.
The document discusses theories of personality, including trait theory, learning theory, psychoanalytic theory, and phenomenological theory. It provides definitions of personality from various psychologists and outlines several influential trait theories such as Eysenck's three dimensions of personality and the Big Five theory. Freud's psychoanalytic concepts of the id, ego and superego are also summarized. The document aims to describe approaches to understanding personality and how characteristics develop.
This document provides an overview of action theory in sociology. It discusses the founder of action theory, Max Weber, and how he viewed social action as central to sociology. It outlines different types of actions according to Weber, including rational, traditional, and affectional actions. Later contributors to action theory like Parsons and Luhmann are mentioned. The document also discusses the importance of action theory in management, noting it provides a framework for setting targets and tracking improvements in business operations.
Certificate in Special Needs Education 3214.pptxAntonetteZamora1
This document discusses different models of human behavior, including psychoanalytic, existential, behavioral, and cognitive models. The psychoanalytic model proposed by Freud suggests that behavior is influenced by unconscious factors like the id, ego, and superego. The behavioral model emphasizes stimulus and response, and learning. The cognitive model focuses on concepts like expectancy and incentive. The document also briefly discusses an integrative framework for negotiation and essential guidelines for effective teaching.
Personality influences consumer behavior in important ways. The chapter discusses several theories of personality, including Freudian theory which views personality as formed by unconscious drives, and Jungian theory which categorizes people into four personality types based on how they gather and evaluate information. Marketers can use personality theories to better understand consumer diversity and identify target personality segments. The chapter also explores how personality traits like innovativeness and risk-seeking influence whether consumers adopt new products early or later.
In this presentation, we will understand the meaning, determinants and types of human personality and its effect and impact on behavior. We will also discuss about Levinson’s Theory of Adult Stage, Hall’s Career Stage Model, Argyris Immaturity to Maturity Theory and the socialization process.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
The document discusses several theories of personality including:
- Intrapsychic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud which emphasizes the unconscious mind and interaction of the id, ego and superego.
- Type theories including Carl Jung's ideas of extraversion and introversion and William Sheldon's three body types - endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.
- Trait theories which attempt to explain personality differences in terms of traits, including Gordon Allport's cardinal, central, and secondary traits and Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors.
- Self theory proposed by Carl Rogers focusing on unconditional positive regard and an individual's true self.
- Social learning theory examining how personality characteristics like locus
Social Cognitive Theory
*
Originator
Albert Bandura, Ph.D. Bandura obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1952. In 1953, Bandura was offered a position at Stanford University.
*
Approximate Year of Origin
The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) stemmed from the Social Learning Theory (SLT), which has a rich historical background dating back to the late 1800's. Albert Bandura first began publishing his work on SLT in the early 1960's. In 1986, Bandura officially launched the SCT with his book Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.
*
Circumstances that led to the development of the Theory
The SCT has its origins in the discipline of psychology, with its early foundation being laid by behavioral and social psychologists. The SLT evolved under the umbrella of behaviorism, which is a cluster of psychological theories intended to explain why people and animals behave the way that they do.
*
Behaviorism
Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson in 1913, took an extremely mechanistic approach to understanding human behavior. According to Watson, behavior could be explained in terms of observable acts that could be described by stimulus-response sequences (Crosbie-Brunett and Lewis, 1993; Thomas, 1990). Also central to behaviorist study was the notion that contiguity between stimulus and response determined the likelihood that learning would occur.
*
Stimulus-response pathwayAre there some mediating factors between stimulus and response that regulate behavior? rewards or punishmentsFeedback Habit Freud's instinctTolman's cognitions
*
The ‘Social Self'
William James in 1890, whose notion of the 'social self' laid the foundation for the modern SLT tenet of the interaction between personal factors and the environment.
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947), who extended Gestaltist's field theory by initiating a shift in psychology from a focus on the individual to a focus on processes between individuals
*
Adler
Alfred Adler (1870-1937) posited that a person's behavior is purposeful and motivated by a pursuit of goals.
the importance of one's perception of, and attitude toward, the environment as significant influences on behavior.
*
Tolman: Cognitions
In the 1930's, unobservable variables (or cognitions) played a mediating role between stimulus and response introduced the term expectancy.
*
Expectation = that something will happen
Expectancy= what will happen
The Social Learning Theory (SLT)
The Social Learning Theory (SLT) was officially launched in 1941 with Miller and Dollard's publication of Social Learning and Imitation.
Their SLT incorporated the principles of learning: reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and imitation of models.
Their book was written to explain how animals and humans model observed behaviors, which then became learned through environmental reinforcements.
*
This work expanded on the reciprocal relationship between environment and .
Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis in the 19th century, emphasizing unconscious forces and conflicts in early childhood that shape personality. Psychoanalysis includes the id, ego, and superego. The id contains desires, the ego mediates reality, and the superego determines morality. Freud proposed four stages of psychosexual development from birth to adulthood. Sheldon proposed three body types - endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph - that correlate with personality traits. Carl Rogers' humanistic approach emphasized self-actualization and unconditional positive regard. Albert Bandura's social learning theory explained how behavior is learned through observation and modeling. Raymond Cattell developed trait theory involving surface and source personality traits. Edward Tolman
This document discusses personality from several perspectives. It defines personality as a stable set of characteristics that determine psychological behavior and continuity over time. Personality is shaped by both heredity and environment. Several theories and approaches to understanding personality are described, including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Freud's id/ego/super-ego model, and Bandura's social learning approach. Common methods for assessing personality include observations, situational tests, questionnaires, rating scales, and interviews.
Micro sociological theories focus on social interaction and how individuals construct meaning and society. Structural theories emphasize how social structures influence individuals. The document discusses key theorists in both camps, including Weber, Mead, Blumer and Giddens, and debates whether structure or agency is more important. It also examines attempts to integrate both perspectives, such as Giddens' theory of structuration and Habermas' concepts of life world and system.
This document discusses several theories of motivation:
1. The Economic Man theory from the 1900s viewed people as purely motivated by financial factors.
2. Experiments by Roethlisberger and Mayo found social factors like coworkers and job enjoyment were more influential than money.
3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs posited that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from basic to more advanced needs that must be met.
The document continues describing several other theories of motivation put forward by researchers like Herzberg, Alderfer, McClelland, Vroom, and Skinner that view motivation as stemming from an interplay of internal needs, expectations, social factors and environmental influences.
This document outlines the research plan for a study that aims to understand the lived experiences of physically disabled students at Cebuano National High School. It will use a qualitative phenomenological approach and interview 3 physically disabled students to understand how their conditions influence their daily lives and interactions. The theoretical framework is the biopsychosocial model, which considers the biological, psychological, and social factors affecting learners with disabilities. The document discusses the research design, data collection through in-depth interviews, narrative analysis approach, and ethical considerations for interviewing participants.
Jerome Bruner was an American psychologist born in 1915 in New York. He received his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1937 and his master's and doctorate from Harvard University in 1939 and 1941 respectively. Bruner was a leading proponent of constructivism in education, which is based on experimental learning through real-life experiences to build knowledge. He emphasized that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on prior knowledge.
ASSIGNMENT #1 EDIT JOURNAL ENTRIESYou have kept records of your .docxjane3dyson92312
The document provides instructions for two assignments related to a personality theory course. Assignment 1 requires students to edit their journal entries on challenging situations using theories from each chapter to describe and explain experiences. Assignment 2 asks students to write a 2-3 page essay comparing how their personality would be evaluated using three theories from class as well as a psychodynamic perspective, explaining which seems most accurate. The document also provides grading criteria for the journal entries which include personal exploration, application of theories, insight and growth, and writing quality.
The present assignment seeks to analyze and discuss the practice of simplifying one's life style, combining an investigation of the social role of consumerism in contemporary western society and an analysis of the actual process of downshifting seen from the perspective of the individual.
Albert Bandura developed social cognitive theory, which posits that personality is shaped through the interaction of personal factors, behavior, and the environment. Some key aspects of social cognitive theory are:
1. Observational learning, where people learn behaviors by watching others, plays a central role.
2. Bandura proposed triadic reciprocal causation, where personal factors, behaviors, and the environment interact bidirectionally to influence each other.
3. Human agency is an important concept, referring to people's ability to intentionally pursue courses of action and exercise control over their lives.
This document provides an outline of various theories of personality, including:
- Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck's trait theory approach
- Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focusing on the conscious, unconscious, and structures of the mind
- Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development across the lifespan
- Albert Bandura's social learning theory and concepts of observational learning and self-efficacy
- Neal Miller's learning theory of reinforcement and four critical training situations
- Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from basic to growth needs and characteristics of self-actualized individuals.
Albert Bandura developed social learning theory which suggests that people learn through observing others in their social environment. The theory emphasizes cognitive processes like attention, memory, and motivation in learning. Bandura introduced observational learning where people acquire behaviors by watching consequences of others' actions. The theory also underscores the role of self-efficacy, one's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks, influencing goal setting and perseverance. Bandura's research through experiments like the Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the impact of social modeling on aggression. His social learning theory merged trait and behaviorist theories to show how both personal and environmental factors shape behavior.
Daily-Lesson-Plan-in-Philosophy SENIOR high School.docxRobertNociete1
The daily lesson plan discusses teaching philosophy to 12th grade students about the human person as an embodied spirit. The objectives are for students to explain that humans possess both a body and spirit, identify traits that distinguish humans, and explain how embodiment defines humans as persons. Content will cover the human person as an embodied spirit. Resources include a philosophy textbook and previous module. Learning activities include group discussions analyzing pictures and concentric circles representing the body, soul and mind. Students will also complete self-reflection worksheets and homework answering questions about what makes a person human. The goal is for students to understand humans as embodied spirits with both limitations and potential for transcendence.
Personality can be described as inner psychological characteristics that determine how a person responds to their environment. There are three major theories of personality discussed in the chapter: Freudian theory which emphasizes unconscious drives motivating behavior, neo-Freudian theory which focuses on social relationships in personality development, and trait theory which measures personality quantitatively in terms of traits like innovativeness. Understanding how personality influences consumption behavior allows marketers to better segment consumers and target those most likely to respond positively to products and services.
Anjana Vasan, Final Capstone - PRCC16 (2)Anjana Vasan
This document is a literature review for a paper analyzing the positive effects of negative publicity on celebrity status in the entertainment industry. The review covers sociological concepts of celebrity including charismatic authority, cult of personality, and different social types of celebrities. It also discusses definitions of celebrity, fame, and the roles of the media and public relations. The paper will study two case studies - Miley Cyrus, whose career escalated following controversy, and Lindsay Lohan, whose career declined due to negative publicity. It will conduct a comparative analysis to identify factors leading to rise or fall and develop best practices for publicists.
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
The individual personality and social rolesEleanor Moreno
This document outlines topics related to sociology including personality, social roles, social structure, and education. It defines key concepts like personality, social roles, and social structure. It discusses sociological theories of personality like Freudian and trait theory. It covers sociological perspectives on human development including Cooley's looking glass self and Mead's role taking process. It addresses the manifest and latent functions of education as well as conflict perspectives. Overall, the document provides an overview of important sociological concepts.
Motivation imprinting and Instinct , history of motivation.pdfakankshagupta7348026
The history of the study of motivation is rich and multifaceted, evolving over centuries as scholars from various disciplines sought to understand the forces that drive human behavior. Here's a broad overview of the history and development of motivation theory:
This document provides an overview of enculturation and socialization as they relate to identity formation. It discusses key theories around how identities are formed, including psychodynamic, cognitive, and social theories proposed by Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson, and Mead. Norms and values are also defined, with norms representing rules that guide behavior and values representing culturally defined standards of what is good. The document aims to explain how socialization and enculturation enable culture and identities to form through experience and observation of social groups.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of various positions in food and beverage service. It describes positions in the kitchen like head chef, sous chef, chef de partie, and kitchen assistants. It also covers front of house roles such as restaurant manager, reception head waiter, head waiter, station head waiter, station waiter, assistant station waiter, waiter, trainee commis, carver, floor staff, lounge staff, sommelier, bar staff, barista and more. For each role it provides a brief description of responsibilities.
Reminiscing Star Event Management is proposing to manage a masquerade themed Grand Ball for senior high school students. The proposal outlines the event details including the theme, venue, packages, event program, budget, and timeline. The packages range from PHP 275,000 to PHP 410,000 and include catering, decorations, audio/visual equipment, and other items. The event would be held on September 30th at Monarch Hotel in Calasiao, Pangasinan. The proposal also includes sample designs, floor plans, and contracts to formalize the agreement between the event management company and the client.
The document discusses several theories of personality including:
- Intrapsychic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud which emphasizes the unconscious mind and interaction of the id, ego and superego.
- Type theories including Carl Jung's ideas of extraversion and introversion and William Sheldon's three body types - endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.
- Trait theories which attempt to explain personality differences in terms of traits, including Gordon Allport's cardinal, central, and secondary traits and Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors.
- Self theory proposed by Carl Rogers focusing on unconditional positive regard and an individual's true self.
- Social learning theory examining how personality characteristics like locus
Social Cognitive Theory
*
Originator
Albert Bandura, Ph.D. Bandura obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1952. In 1953, Bandura was offered a position at Stanford University.
*
Approximate Year of Origin
The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) stemmed from the Social Learning Theory (SLT), which has a rich historical background dating back to the late 1800's. Albert Bandura first began publishing his work on SLT in the early 1960's. In 1986, Bandura officially launched the SCT with his book Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.
*
Circumstances that led to the development of the Theory
The SCT has its origins in the discipline of psychology, with its early foundation being laid by behavioral and social psychologists. The SLT evolved under the umbrella of behaviorism, which is a cluster of psychological theories intended to explain why people and animals behave the way that they do.
*
Behaviorism
Behaviorism, introduced by John Watson in 1913, took an extremely mechanistic approach to understanding human behavior. According to Watson, behavior could be explained in terms of observable acts that could be described by stimulus-response sequences (Crosbie-Brunett and Lewis, 1993; Thomas, 1990). Also central to behaviorist study was the notion that contiguity between stimulus and response determined the likelihood that learning would occur.
*
Stimulus-response pathwayAre there some mediating factors between stimulus and response that regulate behavior? rewards or punishmentsFeedback Habit Freud's instinctTolman's cognitions
*
The ‘Social Self'
William James in 1890, whose notion of the 'social self' laid the foundation for the modern SLT tenet of the interaction between personal factors and the environment.
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947), who extended Gestaltist's field theory by initiating a shift in psychology from a focus on the individual to a focus on processes between individuals
*
Adler
Alfred Adler (1870-1937) posited that a person's behavior is purposeful and motivated by a pursuit of goals.
the importance of one's perception of, and attitude toward, the environment as significant influences on behavior.
*
Tolman: Cognitions
In the 1930's, unobservable variables (or cognitions) played a mediating role between stimulus and response introduced the term expectancy.
*
Expectation = that something will happen
Expectancy= what will happen
The Social Learning Theory (SLT)
The Social Learning Theory (SLT) was officially launched in 1941 with Miller and Dollard's publication of Social Learning and Imitation.
Their SLT incorporated the principles of learning: reinforcement, punishment, extinction, and imitation of models.
Their book was written to explain how animals and humans model observed behaviors, which then became learned through environmental reinforcements.
*
This work expanded on the reciprocal relationship between environment and .
Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis in the 19th century, emphasizing unconscious forces and conflicts in early childhood that shape personality. Psychoanalysis includes the id, ego, and superego. The id contains desires, the ego mediates reality, and the superego determines morality. Freud proposed four stages of psychosexual development from birth to adulthood. Sheldon proposed three body types - endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph - that correlate with personality traits. Carl Rogers' humanistic approach emphasized self-actualization and unconditional positive regard. Albert Bandura's social learning theory explained how behavior is learned through observation and modeling. Raymond Cattell developed trait theory involving surface and source personality traits. Edward Tolman
This document discusses personality from several perspectives. It defines personality as a stable set of characteristics that determine psychological behavior and continuity over time. Personality is shaped by both heredity and environment. Several theories and approaches to understanding personality are described, including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Freud's id/ego/super-ego model, and Bandura's social learning approach. Common methods for assessing personality include observations, situational tests, questionnaires, rating scales, and interviews.
Micro sociological theories focus on social interaction and how individuals construct meaning and society. Structural theories emphasize how social structures influence individuals. The document discusses key theorists in both camps, including Weber, Mead, Blumer and Giddens, and debates whether structure or agency is more important. It also examines attempts to integrate both perspectives, such as Giddens' theory of structuration and Habermas' concepts of life world and system.
This document discusses several theories of motivation:
1. The Economic Man theory from the 1900s viewed people as purely motivated by financial factors.
2. Experiments by Roethlisberger and Mayo found social factors like coworkers and job enjoyment were more influential than money.
3. Maslow's hierarchy of needs posited that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from basic to more advanced needs that must be met.
The document continues describing several other theories of motivation put forward by researchers like Herzberg, Alderfer, McClelland, Vroom, and Skinner that view motivation as stemming from an interplay of internal needs, expectations, social factors and environmental influences.
This document outlines the research plan for a study that aims to understand the lived experiences of physically disabled students at Cebuano National High School. It will use a qualitative phenomenological approach and interview 3 physically disabled students to understand how their conditions influence their daily lives and interactions. The theoretical framework is the biopsychosocial model, which considers the biological, psychological, and social factors affecting learners with disabilities. The document discusses the research design, data collection through in-depth interviews, narrative analysis approach, and ethical considerations for interviewing participants.
Jerome Bruner was an American psychologist born in 1915 in New York. He received his bachelor's degree from Duke University in 1937 and his master's and doctorate from Harvard University in 1939 and 1941 respectively. Bruner was a leading proponent of constructivism in education, which is based on experimental learning through real-life experiences to build knowledge. He emphasized that learning is an active process where learners construct new ideas based on prior knowledge.
ASSIGNMENT #1 EDIT JOURNAL ENTRIESYou have kept records of your .docxjane3dyson92312
The document provides instructions for two assignments related to a personality theory course. Assignment 1 requires students to edit their journal entries on challenging situations using theories from each chapter to describe and explain experiences. Assignment 2 asks students to write a 2-3 page essay comparing how their personality would be evaluated using three theories from class as well as a psychodynamic perspective, explaining which seems most accurate. The document also provides grading criteria for the journal entries which include personal exploration, application of theories, insight and growth, and writing quality.
The present assignment seeks to analyze and discuss the practice of simplifying one's life style, combining an investigation of the social role of consumerism in contemporary western society and an analysis of the actual process of downshifting seen from the perspective of the individual.
Albert Bandura developed social cognitive theory, which posits that personality is shaped through the interaction of personal factors, behavior, and the environment. Some key aspects of social cognitive theory are:
1. Observational learning, where people learn behaviors by watching others, plays a central role.
2. Bandura proposed triadic reciprocal causation, where personal factors, behaviors, and the environment interact bidirectionally to influence each other.
3. Human agency is an important concept, referring to people's ability to intentionally pursue courses of action and exercise control over their lives.
This document provides an outline of various theories of personality, including:
- Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck's trait theory approach
- Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focusing on the conscious, unconscious, and structures of the mind
- Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development across the lifespan
- Albert Bandura's social learning theory and concepts of observational learning and self-efficacy
- Neal Miller's learning theory of reinforcement and four critical training situations
- Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from basic to growth needs and characteristics of self-actualized individuals.
Albert Bandura developed social learning theory which suggests that people learn through observing others in their social environment. The theory emphasizes cognitive processes like attention, memory, and motivation in learning. Bandura introduced observational learning where people acquire behaviors by watching consequences of others' actions. The theory also underscores the role of self-efficacy, one's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks, influencing goal setting and perseverance. Bandura's research through experiments like the Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the impact of social modeling on aggression. His social learning theory merged trait and behaviorist theories to show how both personal and environmental factors shape behavior.
Daily-Lesson-Plan-in-Philosophy SENIOR high School.docxRobertNociete1
The daily lesson plan discusses teaching philosophy to 12th grade students about the human person as an embodied spirit. The objectives are for students to explain that humans possess both a body and spirit, identify traits that distinguish humans, and explain how embodiment defines humans as persons. Content will cover the human person as an embodied spirit. Resources include a philosophy textbook and previous module. Learning activities include group discussions analyzing pictures and concentric circles representing the body, soul and mind. Students will also complete self-reflection worksheets and homework answering questions about what makes a person human. The goal is for students to understand humans as embodied spirits with both limitations and potential for transcendence.
Personality can be described as inner psychological characteristics that determine how a person responds to their environment. There are three major theories of personality discussed in the chapter: Freudian theory which emphasizes unconscious drives motivating behavior, neo-Freudian theory which focuses on social relationships in personality development, and trait theory which measures personality quantitatively in terms of traits like innovativeness. Understanding how personality influences consumption behavior allows marketers to better segment consumers and target those most likely to respond positively to products and services.
Anjana Vasan, Final Capstone - PRCC16 (2)Anjana Vasan
This document is a literature review for a paper analyzing the positive effects of negative publicity on celebrity status in the entertainment industry. The review covers sociological concepts of celebrity including charismatic authority, cult of personality, and different social types of celebrities. It also discusses definitions of celebrity, fame, and the roles of the media and public relations. The paper will study two case studies - Miley Cyrus, whose career escalated following controversy, and Lindsay Lohan, whose career declined due to negative publicity. It will conduct a comparative analysis to identify factors leading to rise or fall and develop best practices for publicists.
The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development.
Though rooted in many of the basic concepts of traditional learning theory, Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning.
His theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people.
Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors.
The individual personality and social rolesEleanor Moreno
This document outlines topics related to sociology including personality, social roles, social structure, and education. It defines key concepts like personality, social roles, and social structure. It discusses sociological theories of personality like Freudian and trait theory. It covers sociological perspectives on human development including Cooley's looking glass self and Mead's role taking process. It addresses the manifest and latent functions of education as well as conflict perspectives. Overall, the document provides an overview of important sociological concepts.
Motivation imprinting and Instinct , history of motivation.pdfakankshagupta7348026
The history of the study of motivation is rich and multifaceted, evolving over centuries as scholars from various disciplines sought to understand the forces that drive human behavior. Here's a broad overview of the history and development of motivation theory:
This document provides an overview of enculturation and socialization as they relate to identity formation. It discusses key theories around how identities are formed, including psychodynamic, cognitive, and social theories proposed by Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson, and Mead. Norms and values are also defined, with norms representing rules that guide behavior and values representing culturally defined standards of what is good. The document aims to explain how socialization and enculturation enable culture and identities to form through experience and observation of social groups.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of various positions in food and beverage service. It describes positions in the kitchen like head chef, sous chef, chef de partie, and kitchen assistants. It also covers front of house roles such as restaurant manager, reception head waiter, head waiter, station head waiter, station waiter, assistant station waiter, waiter, trainee commis, carver, floor staff, lounge staff, sommelier, bar staff, barista and more. For each role it provides a brief description of responsibilities.
Reminiscing Star Event Management is proposing to manage a masquerade themed Grand Ball for senior high school students. The proposal outlines the event details including the theme, venue, packages, event program, budget, and timeline. The packages range from PHP 275,000 to PHP 410,000 and include catering, decorations, audio/visual equipment, and other items. The event would be held on September 30th at Monarch Hotel in Calasiao, Pangasinan. The proposal also includes sample designs, floor plans, and contracts to formalize the agreement between the event management company and the client.
The document contains a rubric for evaluating student presentations on table napkin folding. It lists the evaluation criteria as content (10%), orderliness (20%), creativity (30%), and delivery (40%). The total score possible is 100 points. The rubric was created by instructor Joshua D. Conde for activity number 2 for the Marriot section.
This document provides tips for starting conversations in various situations like the office, conferences, or when being introduced. It begins by outlining 13 tips for starting conversations, such as asking for information, paying a compliment, commenting on something pleasant, introducing yourself, offering help, asking for help, mentioning a shared experience, asking an opinion, praising the person, showing genuine interest, asking about them, making an observation, or commenting on the weather. It then discusses how to clarify ideas for better understanding by clarifying, summarizing, and repeating. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
This document provides tips and strategies for starting conversations in English. It begins by outlining three learning outcomes related to carrying out conversations, handling complaints, and responding to instructions. It then lists 13 tips for starting conversations in different settings like the office, conferences, or when being introduced. These tips include asking for information, paying a compliment, commenting on something pleasant, introducing yourself, offering or asking for help, mentioning a shared experience, asking an opinion, praising someone, showing genuine interest, asking about the other person, making an observation, or commenting on the weather. The document also provides ways to clarify understanding, identify keywords and problems, express and oppose opinions, and respond to verbal and written instructions. It concludes with chapters on
This document provides an introduction to media and information literacy (MIL). It defines key terms like communication, media literacy, information literacy, and MIL. It outlines learning competencies and topics to be covered, including the elements of communication, types of communication, and how media and information affect communication. Models of communication are presented and similarities/differences between media literacy, information literacy, and digital literacy are described. Formative assessments and activities are included to help learners understand these concepts.
This document provides tips and strategies for starting conversations in English. It begins by outlining 13 tips for starting conversations in different situations like the office, conferences, or being introduced. These tips include asking for information, paying a compliment, commenting on something pleasant, introducing yourself, offering help, asking help, mentioning a shared experience, asking an opinion, praising the person, showing genuine interest, asking about the person, making an observation, or commenting on the weather. The document then discusses how to clarify ideas, identify keywords and problems, and express and oppose opinions. It also covers communicating in English on the telephone and responding to verbal and written instructions, including with diagrams. The goal is for learners to carry out simple English conversations
Introduction to Professional Development & Applied Ethics.pptxJoshuaConde6
This document provides an overview and outline for a course on professional development and applied ethics. The course aims to help students develop skills to become professionals in their field. It covers topics like communication, leadership, guest relations, social image, career planning, and more. The course outline lists 7 chapters that will be taught over several stages. It also outlines the class requirements, including exams, projects, quizzes, and attendance. Rules for the online class are presented, such as dressing appropriately, muting microphones, and raising hands with questions. To conclude, students are assigned to discuss their expectations for the course and why studying professional development and ethics is important.
This document provides an overview of Carl Jung's theory of personality archetypes. It discusses 12 of Jung's central archetypes, including the persona, shadow, anima/animus, and self. The archetypes represent universal patterns of behavior that influence human psychology. For example, the persona represents one's public image, while the shadow encompasses darker, disliked parts of the personality. The document also briefly outlines Freud's psychodynamic model of the id, ego, and superego as three structures that make up personality.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. 2/13/2023
PRESENTATION TITLE 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DEFINITION AND BASICS OF PERSONALITY
2. NATURE OF PERSONALITY
3. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
4. ACTIVITY
6. CARL ROGERS
Believed in the inherent goodness
of people.
Emphasized the importance of
free will and psychological growth
Suggested that the actualizing
tendency is the driving force
behind human behavior
6
7. CARL ROGERS
Human beings are always striving for self-
fulfillment or self-actualization.
When the needs of the self are denied,
severe anxiety may result.
Proposed the self-concept
7
8. SELF CONCEPT
8
• Refers to the image of oneself.
• Defined the self as flexible and
changing perception of personal
identity.
• Self develops from interactions with
significant people and self-awareness.
12. Abraham Maslow suggested that
people are motivated by a hierarchy
of needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy is most often
displayed as a pyramid.
The lowest levels of the pyramid are
made up of the most basic needs,
while the most complex needs are at
the top of the pyramid.
12
17. ALBERT BANDURA
Stanford University Psychologist
Views people as agents (originators) of
experience not just reactive.
Suggests that human have the ability
to act and make things happen.
2/13/2023
PRESENTATION TITLE 17
20. ALBERT BANDURA
Emphasized the importance of social
learning, or learning through
observation.
His theory emphasized the role of
conscious thoughts including self-
efficacy, or our own beliefs in our
abilities.
20
26. GORDON ALLPORT
One of the first to categorize these
characteristics
Created a list of more than 4,000
personality traits
Grouped these traits into three
different categories
2/13/2023
PRESENTATION TITLE 26
36. EXCITATION VS INHIBITION
EXCITATION- the brain waking itself
up, getting into an alert, learning
state.
INHIBITION- the brain calming itself
down, either in the usual sense of
relaxing and going to sleep
2/13/2023
PRESENTATION TITLE 36
In our lesson for today we will focus on second theory humanistic perspective.
Our first psychologist in humanistic perspective is carlo rogers he propose the self theory .
Carl Ransom Rogers was an American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach in psychology.
Read 1st statement…….. According kay carl rogers lahat ng tao daw ay mabait.
Read 1st and 2nd ……..Kapag may gusto ka tapos di mo siya makuha ang result niyan ay magkaka anxiety attack ka . ……read 3rd …. So ano nga ba ang self concept.
And it makes sense if you think kasi yung sense of self natin kapag napapansin ng ibang tao doon lang natin nalalaman yung totoong tayo … ah ganun pala ako.
Self image – how to see your self paano mo ba vinavalue yung sarili mo how do you see yourself. ….. Self explanatory….
Self esteem- how much you value your self so ano ba yung mga factors na makakaapekto sa sarili natin sa self esteem mo. Including how we compare our self to others and how others response to us kung paano sila nagrereact sa atin when people response to us and we develop pwedeng positive pwedeng negative… self explanatory….
Ideal self- ito yung gusto natin sa sarili natin how you wish you could be ano ba talaga yung gusto mo 5 to 10 years from now so yung ideal self natin is that’s affect our ideal self and your personality.
So if you think about it tama nga naman na kung kalian tanggap mo na yung sarili mo kung alam mo na yung strengths and weaknesses mo then doon ka lang magbabago kasi nga we know our strength we know our weaknesses and then therefore kaya mo na iaddress yung mga weaknesses mo at kaya mo pang ifurther strengthen yung strength mo .
Abraham Harold Maslow was an American psychologist who was best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.
Self explanatory…
So kasi nga you cannot proceed to the next level of the hierarchy of needs unless mameet mo na yung needs mo sa lower level at kapag nagkaproblem ka sa lower level di ka makakausad sa self actualization.
So today we will focus our discussion in social cognitive perspective and trait perspective.
We focus on 1 psychologist si Albert Bandura OC was a Canadian-American psychologist who was the David Starr Jordan Professor in Psychology at Stanford University.(1995-2021). Read quotes… kung nasaan man tayo ngayon ito yung mga produkto kung ano yung mga ginawa natin dati.
1st 2nd read…. Hindi lang tayo basta basta nagrereact sa experience but we are the originators of experience. Bakit niya yun nasabi ni bandura as humans or tayo bilang tao may kakayanan tayo to act and make things happen and to support his scheme he propused the four agentic perspective .
Intentionality- enables us to behave with purpose. So ibig sabihin lahat ng ginagawa natin may dahilan. So hindi mo naman gagawin yung isang bagay kung wala kang purpose eh . Example nag aral ka last night kasi may quiz or exam ka. Nagwowork ka para saan para mabuhay mo ang pamilya mo or para makatulong ka sa parents mo. So everything we do is we have a purpose.
Forethought- it allows us to anticipate outcomes. We as human are capable on anticipating outcomes. Meaning manghuhula tayo pero meron na tayoung nakikitang kalalabasan ng mga gagawin natin give example…
Self reactiveness- we can be motivated to regulate our actions. Example napansin mo you are gaining weight tumataba ka na so you’ve react to your self so you react by regulating your actions paano? So ngayon dahil napansin mong tumataba ka na magdadiet ka . Or you eat healthy diet or mag eexercise ka pupunta ka ng gym so dahil doon mamomotivate ka gagawan mo ng action na magpapayat ka.
Self reflectiveness- we can reflect our thoughts and behaviors and make needed modifications. Means we can capable to reflecting in our actions for example magrereflect ka sa sarili mo kung tama ba yung ginawa mo or kung okay lang ba give more example…. Acter reflection you can much do modification tapos yung ginawa mo na hindi maganda dati is hindi mo na siya uulitin. Or magsosorry ka na lang.
So ito yung 4 steps para matuto tayo through observation . Read…..
Attention: An observer pays attention to particular social behaviors. Their ability to pay attention depends on their accessibility to what is being observed, the relevance of the behaviors, the complexity of the behaviors, the perceived value of the behaviors, and the observer’s own cognitive abilities and preconceptions.
Give example…
Retention: An observer retains the sequence of behaviors and consequences, which they can retrieve for future imitations of the behaviors.
Give example…
Production: An observer repeats the behavior in a different social context and receives feedback from other observers, which they can use to adjust how they perform the behaviors in future contexts.
Give example….
Motivation: An observer is motivated to repeat the behaviors based on the social responses and consequences they receive when they imitate a behavior
Give example….
Meaning yung paniniwala mo sa sarili mo hindi naman nakakahulugan na it eventually to success syempre marami pang other factor kang mapagdadaanan na dapat nating iconsider pero pag wala kang tiwala or hindi ka naniniwala sa sarili mo syempre babagsak ka jan you assuredly failure kasi pag wala kang tiwala sa sarili mo hindi mo maibibigay lahat ng best mo ng kaya mo sa isang bagay.
The trait theory of personality explains that people vary from each other according to the strength of their primary trait dimensions. The trait perspective of personality considers an personality of an individual and the number of traits they have. An example of a trait perspective would be an extroverted person who seeks gratification from human interaction.
Gordon Willard Allport was an American psychologist. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology.
Sabi niya…. It is the same to weaknesses so kapag narecognize natin yung mga kahinaan natin we eliminate them.
Read 1st 2nd ….actually dalawa sila jan si Gordon Allport and Henry Odbert put forward 18000 words that described people. This list was extensively long and was reduced to 4500 words by Allport.
CARDINAL- A Cardinal Trait is a trait that defines and dominates one's personality and behavior. For example, Oprah Winfrey's cardinal trait could be sociability. She is sometimes called the "queen of talk" because of her extraordinary ability to talk to different kinds of people. Cardinal traits: Rare, but strongly deterministic of behavior.
Examples of this include the following descriptive terms: Machiavellian, narcissistic, Don Juan, and Christ-like.
CENTRAL- A central trait is an attribute in someone's personality that is considered particularly meaningful, in that its presence or absence signals the presence or absence of other traits. Central Traits refer to general characteristics that are present to some degree in almost everyone. Examples of central traits could be kindness, honesty, or friendliness.
SECONDARY- Secondary traits are sometimes related to attitudes or preferences. They often appear only in certain situations or under specific circumstances. Some examples include public speaking anxiety or impatience while waiting in line.
Hans Jürgen Eysenck was a German-born British psychologist who spent his professional career in Great Britain. He is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, although he worked on other issues in psychology.
READ QOUTES….
An aspect of personality concerned with emotional dispositions and reactions and their speed and intensity. Refer to the prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person. So how do you react in certain situation ano yung emotional disposition mo ano yung mood mo. Ito yung concern ng temperament.
So dito nakadepende kung paano tayo magreact in to certain situation which is either extravert and introvert kung extravert ka rational ka ba or emotional so same with introvert. Kung rational ka ….. Kung emotional ka…..
Ito yung tinatawag natin minsan na paranoid . so bakit ba tayo napaparanoid?...... Explain …..
Nervous people tend to suffer more frequently from a variety of “nervous disorders” we call neuroses.
How ever, people who score on the neuroticism scale are necessarily neurotics– only that they are more susceptible to neurotic problems…
Explain….
It’s a matter of the balance between inhibition and excitation in the brain. So meron tayong dalawang concept inhibition and excitation.
Excitation -
Inhibition-tina try na pakalkmahin ng utak natin ang sarili natin how so some cases when we relax yan kapag natutulog tayo. Or inhibition is siya yung pomoprotekta sa atin pag nagpapanic tayo siya yung nagpapakalma sa atin in a certain situation.
Extrovert has good strong inhibition
Introvert has poor or weak inhibition
this dimension included traits such as aggressiveness, manipulation, tough-mindedness, risk taking, irresponsibility, and impulsivity versus their opposites. Most boys with monoamine oxidase A deficiency are less able to control their impulses than their peers, causing aggressive or violent outbursts.