The document discusses process modeling and data flow diagrams (DFDs). It defines process modeling as a technique for organizing and documenting the structure and flow of data through a system's processes. DFDs are introduced as a type of process model that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work performed. The chapter then provides details on logical versus physical system models, constructing DFDs, decomposing systems, and common errors in modeling processes.
This chapter introduces the key players involved in systems analysis and design. It defines systems analysts as those who study business problems and needs to determine how information technology can help improve operations. The chapter outlines various stakeholders in information systems, including system owners, users, designers, builders and analysts. It also discusses trends influencing systems development, such as total quality management, business process redesign, and enterprise resource planning. The role of the systems analyst and skills required for the profession are also covered at a high level.
The document discusses the key building blocks of information systems, including data, processes, interfaces, and networks. It describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It also outlines different perspectives on information systems, such as the system owners, users, designers, and builders. Finally, it discusses how information systems architecture can provide a framework to organize these different components and perspectives.
The document discusses feasibility analysis and the system proposal in systems analysis and design. It defines feasibility analysis as measuring how beneficial developing an information system will be for an organization. There are four types of feasibility: operational, technical, schedule, and economic. Various cost-benefit analysis techniques are presented, including payback analysis and return on investment, to evaluate the economic feasibility of proposed systems solutions. The chapter also covers creating a candidate systems matrix to document alternatives and conducting feasibility checkpoints throughout the systems development life cycle.
The document discusses systems analysis and design methods. It defines systems analysis as decomposing a system into components to study how they work, while systems design reassembles components into an improved system. Model-driven development techniques use models to visualize problems, requirements, and designs. Common models include process models, data models, and object models. The document also discusses various analysis methods like prototyping, requirements discovery, and feasibility analysis.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It describes the systems development life cycle as having four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. It then explains six major systems development methodologies: waterfall, parallel development, phased development, prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development. Finally, it lists five common team roles in systems development: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst, and project manager.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang analisis sistem dan terminologi yang terkait. Secara ringkas, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa analisis sistem adalah proses mempelajari dan mengevaluasi suatu masalah, sistem didefinisikan sebagai kesatuan unsur yang bekerja bersama untuk tujuan bersama, serta informasi adalah data yang telah diolah menjadi lebih berguna.
This chapter introduces the key players involved in systems analysis and design. It defines systems analysts as those who study business problems and needs to determine how information technology can help improve operations. The chapter outlines various stakeholders in information systems, including system owners, users, designers, builders and analysts. It also discusses trends influencing systems development, such as total quality management, business process redesign, and enterprise resource planning. The role of the systems analyst and skills required for the profession are also covered at a high level.
The document discusses the key building blocks of information systems, including data, processes, interfaces, and networks. It describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, management information systems, and decision support systems. It also outlines different perspectives on information systems, such as the system owners, users, designers, and builders. Finally, it discusses how information systems architecture can provide a framework to organize these different components and perspectives.
The document discusses feasibility analysis and the system proposal in systems analysis and design. It defines feasibility analysis as measuring how beneficial developing an information system will be for an organization. There are four types of feasibility: operational, technical, schedule, and economic. Various cost-benefit analysis techniques are presented, including payback analysis and return on investment, to evaluate the economic feasibility of proposed systems solutions. The chapter also covers creating a candidate systems matrix to document alternatives and conducting feasibility checkpoints throughout the systems development life cycle.
The document discusses systems analysis and design methods. It defines systems analysis as decomposing a system into components to study how they work, while systems design reassembles components into an improved system. Model-driven development techniques use models to visualize problems, requirements, and designs. Common models include process models, data models, and object models. The document also discusses various analysis methods like prototyping, requirements discovery, and feasibility analysis.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It describes the systems development life cycle as having four phases - planning, analysis, design, and implementation. It then explains six major systems development methodologies: waterfall, parallel development, phased development, prototyping, design prototyping, and agile development. Finally, it lists five common team roles in systems development: business analyst, systems analyst, infrastructure analyst, change management analyst, and project manager.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang analisis sistem dan terminologi yang terkait. Secara ringkas, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa analisis sistem adalah proses mempelajari dan mengevaluasi suatu masalah, sistem didefinisikan sebagai kesatuan unsur yang bekerja bersama untuk tujuan bersama, serta informasi adalah data yang telah diolah menjadi lebih berguna.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment helpjohn mayer
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment help services at Globalwebtutors are available 24/ by online SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN experts , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN tutors are available for instant SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN questions help , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN writers can help you with complex SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN dissertation requirements.
This document discusses different approaches to requirements modeling including scenario-based modeling using use cases and activity diagrams, data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, and class-based modeling using class-responsibility-collaborator diagrams. Requirements modeling depicts requirements using text and diagrams to help validate requirements from different perspectives and uncover errors, inconsistencies, and omissions. The models focus on what the system needs to do at a high level rather than implementation details.
This document provides an introduction and overview of systems analysis and design (SAD). It discusses SAD as a process for developing IT systems to support business requirements by combining information technology, people, and data. A systems analyst utilizes SAD principles to integrate technology into an organization. Information systems are developed by technically and business-oriented people to handle daily transactions, improve productivity, and help managers make decisions. Options for developing information systems include in-house applications, purchasing software packages, internet-based applications, outsourcing, and custom solutions.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
Sad considerations for-candidate_systemSwapnil Walde
This document discusses considerations for selecting a candidate system to address the high demand for computer services. It notes that demand comes from existing system operations, maintenance, enhancements, and new system requests. Selecting a project depends on technical, behavioral, and economic factors. The technical factor relates to having qualified staff available, while the behavioral factor considers user experience and influence. Most importantly is the economic factor of a system's potential return on investment. Political influences can also impact a selection. For success, a plan with methodology, activities, resources, costs, and timeline is needed. Larger projects require a team approach. The project should be modularized into analysis, design, and implementation phases.
Sistem informasi ini dirancang untuk mengelola data administrasi dan rekam medis pasien secara digital di klinik. Sistem ini memiliki fitur pendaftaran pasien, jadwal dokter, reservasi, catatan medis, dan resep obat secara online untuk memudahkan proses layanan kesehatan dan meningkatkan efisiensi klinik.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Types of SDLC | Waterfall Model and Spi...Uttar Tamang ✔
This Slide includes:
#. Meaning of System Development Life Cycle
Process of SDLC
1. System Planning,
2. System Analysis,
3. System Design and Development,
4. System Implementation,
5. System Operation and Support
Types or Models of SDLC
1. Waterfall Model
1.1. Process of Waterfall Model
1.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Waterfall Model
2. Spiral Model
2.1. Process of Spiral Method
2.2. Spiral Model For System Development
2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Spiral Model
1. Bab ini membahas blok-blok pembangun sistem informasi yaitu pengetahuan, proses, dan komunikasi dari perspektif pemilik sistem, pengguna sistem, perancang sistem, dan pembangun sistem.
2. Kelas aplikasi sistem informasi seperti TPS, MIS, DSS, ES, CCS, dan OAS saling melengkapi satu sama lain.
3. Arsitektur sistem informasi berperan sebagai kerangka untuk memahami pandangan yang berbed
This chapter provides an overview of systems analysis and design methods. It defines key terms like information systems, stakeholders, and systems analysts. It also outlines important business and technology drivers that influence modern system development like globalization, e-commerce, and mobile technologies. Finally, it presents a simple system development process and discusses project and process management.
Chapter14 designing interfaces and dialoguesDhani Ahmad
This document discusses the process of designing interfaces and dialogues for systems. It covers interaction methods like command language, menus, forms and natural language. Guidelines are provided for interface design elements like layout, data entry fields, feedback and help. The design of dialogues is also covered through diagramming techniques. Considerations for graphical user interfaces and web applications are discussed. The overall goal of interface design is to create intuitive, consistent and usable experiences for system users.
The document discusses systems analysis activities for the RMO Consolidated Sales and Marketing System project. It describes investigating system requirements, which is core process 3 of the SDLC. This includes defining functional and non-functional requirements, identifying stakeholders, gathering information through techniques like interviews and questionnaires, and using models like UML activity diagrams to document workflows and requirements. The RMO project is used as a running example to illustrate these analysis concepts and techniques.
Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN by DEEPA (1).pptxanumayived
This document provides an introduction to system analysis and design. It discusses key concepts like information, information systems, and information system components. It also describes different system development methods including structured analysis, object-oriented analysis, and agile/adaptive methods. Additionally, it explains the system development life cycle and provides examples of each phase for a clinic management system project.
The document describes an incremental process model for software development. It is divided into sections that define the incremental process model, when it is used, pros, and cons. The incremental process model involves dividing the entire project into smaller increments, with each increment going through requirements analysis, design, coding, and testing. This allows working software to be developed quickly and added to over time until the full system is complete. The approach is useful when requirements are well understood but some details may change, or when early delivery to market is needed. Benefits include faster delivery and flexibility, while drawbacks include needing good upfront planning and potential higher total costs than traditional models.
The document discusses various methods for determining requirements in the system analysis phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC). It describes traditional methods like interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather requirements information. It also discusses modern techniques like joint application design (JAD) sessions and prototyping to structure requirements. JAD involves key stakeholders collaboratively identifying and documenting requirements. Prototyping can be useful when requirements are unclear but has potential drawbacks like becoming too focused on initial user needs or bypassing other SDLC checks. The primary deliverables of requirements determination are the various documents and notes produced to capture what the new system should do.
This document provides an overview of the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM). It describes SSADM as a systems approach to analyzing and designing information systems. The document outlines the objectives, benefits, and disadvantages of SSADM. It also describes the key steps and techniques used in the SSADM methodology. Finally, it discusses when SSADM is best applied and suggests alternative methods for medium-sized companies with limited resources.
This document is from a chapter about data modeling and analysis in a systems analysis and design textbook. It defines key concepts in data modeling like entities, attributes, relationships, keys, and normalization. It provides examples of how to construct entity relationship diagrams and discusses modeling techniques like generalization. The goal of the chapter is to help readers understand how to organize and represent a system's data through data modeling.
The document discusses application architecture and modeling in systems analysis and design. It defines application architecture as specifying the data, processes, and interfaces that make up an information system. Physical data flow diagrams are used to model the technical implementation of an information system's architecture, processes, and data flows across a network. The chapter describes different centralized and distributed computing architectures like file servers, thin clients, and multi-tiered client/server systems.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment helpjohn mayer
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Assignment help services at Globalwebtutors are available 24/ by online SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN experts , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN tutors are available for instant SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN questions help , SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN writers can help you with complex SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN dissertation requirements.
This document discusses different approaches to requirements modeling including scenario-based modeling using use cases and activity diagrams, data modeling using entity-relationship diagrams, and class-based modeling using class-responsibility-collaborator diagrams. Requirements modeling depicts requirements using text and diagrams to help validate requirements from different perspectives and uncover errors, inconsistencies, and omissions. The models focus on what the system needs to do at a high level rather than implementation details.
This document provides an introduction and overview of systems analysis and design (SAD). It discusses SAD as a process for developing IT systems to support business requirements by combining information technology, people, and data. A systems analyst utilizes SAD principles to integrate technology into an organization. Information systems are developed by technically and business-oriented people to handle daily transactions, improve productivity, and help managers make decisions. Options for developing information systems include in-house applications, purchasing software packages, internet-based applications, outsourcing, and custom solutions.
The document discusses use cases, including their definition, purpose, and best practices for documenting them. Specifically, it defines a use case as a scenario that describes limited interaction between a system and actors. It also outlines how to identify actors, draw use case diagrams, write verbal descriptions of use cases, and audit existing documentation based on use case analysis.
Sad considerations for-candidate_systemSwapnil Walde
This document discusses considerations for selecting a candidate system to address the high demand for computer services. It notes that demand comes from existing system operations, maintenance, enhancements, and new system requests. Selecting a project depends on technical, behavioral, and economic factors. The technical factor relates to having qualified staff available, while the behavioral factor considers user experience and influence. Most importantly is the economic factor of a system's potential return on investment. Political influences can also impact a selection. For success, a plan with methodology, activities, resources, costs, and timeline is needed. Larger projects require a team approach. The project should be modularized into analysis, design, and implementation phases.
Sistem informasi ini dirancang untuk mengelola data administrasi dan rekam medis pasien secara digital di klinik. Sistem ini memiliki fitur pendaftaran pasien, jadwal dokter, reservasi, catatan medis, dan resep obat secara online untuk memudahkan proses layanan kesehatan dan meningkatkan efisiensi klinik.
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Types of SDLC | Waterfall Model and Spi...Uttar Tamang ✔
This Slide includes:
#. Meaning of System Development Life Cycle
Process of SDLC
1. System Planning,
2. System Analysis,
3. System Design and Development,
4. System Implementation,
5. System Operation and Support
Types or Models of SDLC
1. Waterfall Model
1.1. Process of Waterfall Model
1.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Waterfall Model
2. Spiral Model
2.1. Process of Spiral Method
2.2. Spiral Model For System Development
2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Spiral Model
1. Bab ini membahas blok-blok pembangun sistem informasi yaitu pengetahuan, proses, dan komunikasi dari perspektif pemilik sistem, pengguna sistem, perancang sistem, dan pembangun sistem.
2. Kelas aplikasi sistem informasi seperti TPS, MIS, DSS, ES, CCS, dan OAS saling melengkapi satu sama lain.
3. Arsitektur sistem informasi berperan sebagai kerangka untuk memahami pandangan yang berbed
This chapter provides an overview of systems analysis and design methods. It defines key terms like information systems, stakeholders, and systems analysts. It also outlines important business and technology drivers that influence modern system development like globalization, e-commerce, and mobile technologies. Finally, it presents a simple system development process and discusses project and process management.
Chapter14 designing interfaces and dialoguesDhani Ahmad
This document discusses the process of designing interfaces and dialogues for systems. It covers interaction methods like command language, menus, forms and natural language. Guidelines are provided for interface design elements like layout, data entry fields, feedback and help. The design of dialogues is also covered through diagramming techniques. Considerations for graphical user interfaces and web applications are discussed. The overall goal of interface design is to create intuitive, consistent and usable experiences for system users.
The document discusses systems analysis activities for the RMO Consolidated Sales and Marketing System project. It describes investigating system requirements, which is core process 3 of the SDLC. This includes defining functional and non-functional requirements, identifying stakeholders, gathering information through techniques like interviews and questionnaires, and using models like UML activity diagrams to document workflows and requirements. The RMO project is used as a running example to illustrate these analysis concepts and techniques.
Chapter 1- INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN by DEEPA (1).pptxanumayived
This document provides an introduction to system analysis and design. It discusses key concepts like information, information systems, and information system components. It also describes different system development methods including structured analysis, object-oriented analysis, and agile/adaptive methods. Additionally, it explains the system development life cycle and provides examples of each phase for a clinic management system project.
The document describes an incremental process model for software development. It is divided into sections that define the incremental process model, when it is used, pros, and cons. The incremental process model involves dividing the entire project into smaller increments, with each increment going through requirements analysis, design, coding, and testing. This allows working software to be developed quickly and added to over time until the full system is complete. The approach is useful when requirements are well understood but some details may change, or when early delivery to market is needed. Benefits include faster delivery and flexibility, while drawbacks include needing good upfront planning and potential higher total costs than traditional models.
The document discusses various methods for determining requirements in the system analysis phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC). It describes traditional methods like interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather requirements information. It also discusses modern techniques like joint application design (JAD) sessions and prototyping to structure requirements. JAD involves key stakeholders collaboratively identifying and documenting requirements. Prototyping can be useful when requirements are unclear but has potential drawbacks like becoming too focused on initial user needs or bypassing other SDLC checks. The primary deliverables of requirements determination are the various documents and notes produced to capture what the new system should do.
This document provides an overview of the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM). It describes SSADM as a systems approach to analyzing and designing information systems. The document outlines the objectives, benefits, and disadvantages of SSADM. It also describes the key steps and techniques used in the SSADM methodology. Finally, it discusses when SSADM is best applied and suggests alternative methods for medium-sized companies with limited resources.
This document is from a chapter about data modeling and analysis in a systems analysis and design textbook. It defines key concepts in data modeling like entities, attributes, relationships, keys, and normalization. It provides examples of how to construct entity relationship diagrams and discusses modeling techniques like generalization. The goal of the chapter is to help readers understand how to organize and represent a system's data through data modeling.
The document discusses application architecture and modeling in systems analysis and design. It defines application architecture as specifying the data, processes, and interfaces that make up an information system. Physical data flow diagrams are used to model the technical implementation of an information system's architecture, processes, and data flows across a network. The chapter describes different centralized and distributed computing architectures like file servers, thin clients, and multi-tiered client/server systems.
This chapter discusses system development processes and methodologies. It describes the motivation for a structured development process using the Capability Maturity Model. It differentiates between a system life cycle and development methodology. The chapter outlines basic principles, phases and activities of system development processes, as well as tools that can be used to support development.
The document discusses project management and systems analysis. It defines a project and project management. It lists measures of project success as delivering an acceptable system on time and within budget while minimizing business impacts. Causes of project failure include lack of commitment and taking shortcuts. Effective project managers have competencies like communication skills. Key project management functions are scoping, planning, estimating, scheduling, organizing, directing, controlling, and closing. Joint project planning engages all stakeholders to agree on scope, schedule, resources, and budget.
The document discusses the history and development of business analysis as a profession. It emerged in the 1980s-1990s during the information technology boom, as businesses needed a new way to analyze changes brought about by advances in information management and communication. The document outlines the key knowledge areas, responsibilities, and skills of business analysts. It also discusses the relationship between business analysts and project managers, and provides resources for further reading.
This document discusses project management techniques from the 5th edition of the textbook "Systems Analysis and Design Methods" by Whitten, Bentley, and Dittman. It defines a project and project management, and differentiates between project and process management. Project success is measured by having an acceptable system delivered on time and within budget with minimal business impact. Causes of project failure include lack of management commitment and taking shortcuts in the development process.
The document summarizes key topics from Chapter 6 of Systems Analysis and Design Methods 5th Edition, which covers requirements discovery. It defines system requirements, differentiates between functional and non-functional requirements, and describes techniques for requirements discovery such as problem analysis using Ishikawa diagrams, fact-finding methods like interviews and prototyping, documenting requirements, and managing requirements. Correctly identifying requirements is important as errors found later in the project life cycle are much more costly to fix.
The document discusses input design and prototyping in systems analysis. It covers defining appropriate input formats and media, differentiating between data capture, entry, and input. Automatic data collection technologies are described along with applying human factors to input design. Guidelines for designing internal controls, source documents/forms, and screen-based controls are provided. Prototyping tools and the input design process are also outlined.
Advanced System Analysis & Design, This Document contain different development methodologies description and its advantages & disadvantages based on the requirement of the project. It also includes development constraints in development phase, design document etc.
This document is Chapter 5 from the textbook "Systems Analysis and Design Methods" 5th Edition. It discusses systems analysis, which involves decomposing a system into its components to understand how they work and interact. The chapter defines systems analysis and contrasts it with systems design. It describes various approaches to systems analysis like structured analysis, information engineering, and object-oriented analysis which use models. It also covers accelerated analysis methods using prototypes, requirements discovery techniques, and business process redesign. Finally, it outlines the four phases of systems analysis: preliminary investigation, problem analysis, requirements analysis, and decision analysis.
Research Methods: Design and Analysis. Covering the research cycle, research questions, operationalization of variables, literature review, research designs, sampling method, instrumentation, data collection, validity, reliability, data analysis plan, and sample size
The chapter discusses use case modeling for system requirements. It defines key concepts like actors, use cases, use case diagrams and narratives. The benefits of use case modeling include capturing functional requirements, communicating with users, and establishing test cases. Use case modeling provides a user-centered approach to defining a system's scope and functionality.
This document provides an overview of system analysis and design (SAD) by Yared Yenealem. It begins with biographical information about Yenealem and the objectives of the SAD course. It then covers key topics in SAD including what a system is, the elements and characteristics of systems, different types of information systems, and the importance of project management in SAD. Methods for representing and scheduling projects like Gantt charts and PERT charts are also discussed. The document aims to give students foundational knowledge on concepts and processes in SAD.
This document discusses entity relationship (ER) diagrams and provides examples. It introduces key concepts for ER diagrams like entities, attributes, key attributes, composite attributes, multi-valued attributes, derived attributes, and relationship types. Examples are given for an employee entity including its attributes and relationships. An ER diagram is also shown for a banking system to illustrate entities, relationships and cardinalities.
The document describes Chapter 8 of the textbook "Systems Analysis and Design Methods 5th Edition" by Whitten, Bentley, and Dittman. The chapter focuses on process modeling and data flow diagrams (DFDs). It defines process modeling and explains its benefits for organizing and documenting the structure and flow of data through a system's processes. DFDs are introduced as a tool for process modeling that depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed. Key concepts covered include logical vs physical system models, the construction and interpretation of DFDs, and using structured techniques like structured English to specify the logic of elementary processes.
The document discusses the key aspects of information systems development including the motivation for following a structured development process as outlined by the Capability Maturity Model. It describes the basic phases of system development including scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical design and integration. It also discusses different development strategies such as model-driven development, rapid application development, and commercial application package implementation. The overall goal is to provide a standardized yet flexible approach to developing high-quality information systems.
The document discusses various requirements discovery techniques used by systems analysts, including sampling existing documentation, research and site visits, observation, questionnaires, interviews, prototyping, and joint requirements planning. It provides details on each technique, including advantages and disadvantages. The document also covers documenting and analyzing requirements, validating requirements, and requirements management. The overall goal of requirements discovery is to effectively identify user needs and problems to develop system requirements.
This chapter discusses system development processes and methodologies. It describes the motivation for a structured development process using the Capability Maturity Model. A system development methodology is defined as a formal set of activities, methods, and tools used to develop information systems, while the system life cycle separates a system into development and operational stages. Basic principles, triggers for projects, and phases of development processes are outlined. Alternative development routes like model-driven, rapid prototyping, and using commercial software are also summarized.
The document is a chapter from a textbook on systems analysis and design. It introduces the various stakeholders involved in information systems development and implementation. It defines key roles like systems analysts, users, owners, and designers. It also covers the skills required of systems analysts and how business trends are affecting the field, including quality management, business process reengineering, and emerging technologies like ERP and e-commerce.
This document discusses various techniques for requirements discovery in systems analysis, including interviews, questionnaires, and prototyping. It describes the different types of system requirements like functional requirements and non-functional requirements. It also covers best practices for defining requirements clearly, such as making them consistent, complete, feasible, accurate, and traceable. Overall, the document provides guidance on processes and methods for effectively discovering system requirements.
Five Proven Strategies for Reducing Costs with IT Service Management - ITSM A...ITSM Academy, Inc.
This document outlines 5 strategies for reducing costs with IT service management:
1. Review the service portfolio to align investments with business strategies and retire less critical services.
2. Optimize people resources by reducing unplanned, redundant and re-work which can save hundreds of thousands annually.
3. Improve processes by using standard models and leveraging problem management to prevent recurring incidents.
4. Align partners by retaining management control and aligning supplier processes.
5. Assess technology investments by optimizing existing tools before purchasing new ones to avoid unnecessary expenses.
This document summarizes an article from the DITY Newsletter about implementing availability management according to ITIL best practices on a low budget. It outlines a 6-step process to measure current availability, identify sources of downtime, assess their impacts, and prioritize them to develop a solution that addresses the top issue. This involves examining past outage data, creating charts and diagrams to uncover flaws, and assembling a team to propose changes aimed at improving availability metrics within weeks with minimal additional costs.
Enterprise Architecture - An Introduction Daljit Banger
The Slides are from my session at "An Evening of Enterprise Architecture Awareness" held at theUniversity of Sussex Hosted by the BCS Local Chapter and facilitated by the BCS EA Specialist Group.
This document provides a summary of a newsletter article that outlines a five-step process for conducting impact assessments of proposed IT changes. The five steps are: 1) Define the extent of the proposed change, 2) Determine the key differences between the current and proposed states, 3) Focus on possible effects of the key differences, 4) Prioritize the possible effects based on risk, and 5) Make a decision using the results. The article then provides an example of how to apply these steps to a proposed change to upgrade desktop computers to the Vista operating system.
Business analyst interview questions and answersRobin G
The document provides interview questions and answers for business analysts. It begins with an introduction explaining the purpose of interview preparation. It then lists over 30 common interview questions for business analysts along with detailed answers. The questions cover topics like requirements gathering, documentation, analysis techniques, and responsibilities of a business analyst. Diagrams, methodologies, and concepts relevant to the business analyst role are also discussed.
Brighttalk converged infrastructure and it operations management - finalAndrew White
How Converged Infrastructure Will Change IT Operations Management
Over the past decade, Enterprises have leveraged a shared service model to make IT more cost effective. The emergence of “Converged Infrastructure” and “Fabric-Based Infrastructure” will allow IT to offer purpose driven solutions rather than the function driven solutions of the past. To do this, IT will need to evolve towards more modular designs, rely more on open standards, and rethink their approach to management frameworks.
In this session you will learn:
How converged infrastructure is used to create purpose driven solutions
Why new operational challenges are faced as this new approach is used broadly
What changes need to occur to succeed with this new paradigm
Supporting material for my Webinar to the ACS - June2017Daljit Banger
The attached slide deck was used to Support a webinar for the Australian Computer Society (Queensland) on June 1st 2017.
Some previously used slides with modified content and some additional slides to support the webinar theme
Full Webinar Video can be seen at https://youtu.be/_41-izCm5rw
[Webinar Slides] Put an End to Manual Data Processing AIIM International
This document summarizes a presentation on putting an end to manual data processing. It introduces the speaker, George Dunn, president of Cre8 Independent Consultants. Dunn has extensive experience in business process improvement, workflow, and paperless technologies planning. The presentation addresses challenges with manual processes, including providing poor customer service and errors. It also discusses challenges to removing paper, such as staff resistance to change and a lack of management initiatives. The presentation argues for developing an enterprise-level business case and mandates to support process improvements and deployment of new technologies.
The document outlines a framework for business process design projects that utilizes business process modeling, simulation, and design. It involves 8 key steps: 1) developing a case for action and vision statement, 2) identifying and selecting processes, 3) obtaining management commitment, 4) evaluating design enablers, 5) acquiring process understanding, 6) creative process design using principles like benchmarking, 7) process modeling and simulation, and 8) implementing the new process design. Process modeling and simulation allows exploration of redesign effects without disrupting current operations and helps reduce risks.
Brighttalk brining it all together - finalAndrew White
The document discusses orchestration and its importance. Some key points:
1. Orchestration allows for end-to-end automation of service delivery to achieve greater returns. Provisioning is just one step in a larger process.
2. There are unique requirements to integrate orchestration with existing tools and data center processes.
3. Orchestration coordinates the automated arrangement, coordination, and management of complex workflows across IT infrastructure domains, applications, and cloud services.
The document outlines the top 10 pitfalls of application management services. It discusses issues like poorly managed transitions from sales to delivery, lack of application portfolio rationalization, unclear definitions of quality and metrics, poor communication, insufficient governance, and lack of innovation in partnerships. The document provides recommendations to avoid these pitfalls like comprehensive planning, establishing governance structures, and focusing on continuous improvement.
This document provides an overview and outline of a 6-Sigma training review. It covers 7 topics: Six Sigma overview, team process and logistics, introduction to project charter, project charter continued, measurement, pre-project planning, and data analysis. Topic 1 defines Six Sigma and its goals of minimizing process variation. It also describes the Six Sigma levels and defect rates. The document outlines the DMAIC process and expectations of learning skills, a problem-solving approach, and collaborative work.
This document summarizes the Kepner-Tregoe problem analysis method for troubleshooting IT issues. It describes the six steps as defining the problem, describing the problem in detail, establishing possible causes, testing the most probable cause, verifying the true cause, and preventing future occurrences. The summary provides templates for documenting each step, including using a problem analysis worksheet to clarify the problem and differences between what it is and what it could be. It then gives an example of applying these steps to troubleshoot an email server crash after a patch was applied.
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The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
ViewShift: Hassle-free Dynamic Policy Enforcement for Every Data LakeWalaa Eldin Moustafa
Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
"Join us for STATATHON, a dynamic 2-day event dedicated to exploring statistical knowledge and its real-world applications. From theory to practice, participants engage in intensive learning sessions, workshops, and challenges, fostering a deeper understanding of statistical methodologies and their significance in various fields."
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
State of Artificial intelligence Report 2023kuntobimo2016
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field of science and engineering whose goal is to create intelligent machines.
We believe that AI will be a force multiplier on technological progress in our increasingly digital, data-driven world. This is because everything around us today, ranging from culture to consumer products, is a product of intelligence.
The State of AI Report is now in its sixth year. Consider this report as a compilation of the most interesting things we’ve seen with a goal of triggering an informed conversation about the state of AI and its implication for the future.
We consider the following key dimensions in our report:
Research: Technology breakthroughs and their capabilities.
Industry: Areas of commercial application for AI and its business impact.
Politics: Regulation of AI, its economic implications and the evolving geopolitics of AI.
Safety: Identifying and mitigating catastrophic risks that highly-capable future AI systems could pose to us.
Predictions: What we believe will happen in the next 12 months and a 2022 performance review to keep us honest.
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
This repository of slides is intended to support the named chapter. The slide repository should be used as follows:
Copy the file to a unique name for your course and unit.
Edit the file by deleting those slides you don’t want to cover, editing other slides as appropriate to your course, and adding slides as desired.
Print the slides to produce transparency masters or print directly to film or present the slides using a computer image projector.
Each slide includes instructor notes. To view those notes in PowerPoint, click left on the View Menu; then click left on Notes View sub-menu. You may need to scroll down to see the instructor notes.
The instructor notes are also available in hard copy as the Instructor Guide to Accompany Systems Analysis and Design Methods, 5/ed.
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Conversion Notes
In some books, the term logical is called a conceptual or essential. The term essential comes from the notion that the model represents the “essence” of the system.
For database-oriented instructors, the term logical in the world of systems analysis is NOT equivalent to the term logical in the world of database. In the database world, a “logical schema” is already constrained by the choice of a database technology, which runs contrary to the systems analysis expectation that a logical model is technology-independent.
In some books, the term physical is called implementation or technical.
Teaching Tips
Emphasize that there are nearly always multiple technical solutions for any given set of business requirements. In most projects, there is one logical model that represents the mandatory and desirable business requirements, regardless of how those requirements might be implemented. On the other hand, given that one logical model, there are multiple candidate physical models that could represent alternative, technical implementations that could fulfill the business requirements (although analysts rarely draw more than one or two of those physical models).
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Teaching Tips
Many, if not most students have drawn or seen process models in the form of program flowcharts.
Unfortunately, flowcharts are control-flow process models as opposed to data flow process models. This can cause some students trouble because they want to illustrate structured flow of control (nonparallel processing) in their early DFDs.
Most introductory information systems books at least introduce, with one or two examples, DFDs.
Teaching Tips
We have found it useful to walk through this first DFD. Don’t be alarmed if students take exception to some of the oversimplification of the illustrated problem—it can actually contribute to the learning experience.
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Teaching Tips
We like to emphasize to students that the problems typically solved in college are much smaller and simpler than those encountered in the real world. Systems thinking is a technique that will pay off as problem size and complexity grow.
All system models taught in this book (including ERDs and object models) are based upon system thinking.
Teaching Tips
The nebulous “system environment” was intended to represent the constantly changing reality that characterizes all systems. The trick is to design systems to adapt to such change, or to be easily adapted to such change.
Feedback and control is included to monitor the system and adapt to change.
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Teaching Notes
Decomposition is a top-down problem-solving approach.
It might be useful to point out the numbering scheme. This scheme is common, but we do not like it because if the system is restructured, it forces renumbering all processes.
Some instructors like to do a quick example using a small but realistic problem.
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Teaching Tips
Idea: Correct this diagram as an in-class exercise.
3.1.1: To correct the diagram, a data flow, ACCOUNTING DATA, should be added from the data store, MEMBER ACCOUNTS, to process 3.1.1.
3.1.2: To fix the black hole, we might add an output data flow called NEW MEMBER ACCOUNT from process 3.1.2 to the data store MEMBER ACCOUNTS.
3.1.3: To fix the miracle, you would need to at least add a data flow such as ACCOUNTING DATA from the data store, MEMBER ACCOUNTS, to process 3.1.3. In all likelihood, you also need some type of triggering data flow, such as ACCOUNT FREEZE AUTHORIZATION, from a new external agent, such ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT, to process 3.1 3.
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Teaching Tips
On the diagram, we recorded the Structured English inside the process box to reinforce the fact that the Structured English specifies the underlying procedure being executed by the process. In practice, the procedural specification is recorded in a data dictionary/encyclopedia that is separate from the actual diagram (but linked to/associated with the process “name” on the DFD).
If students are familiar with pseudocode, point out the similarities and differences between Structured English and pseudocode.
Teaching Tips
Decision tables are useful for simplifying very complex combinations of conditions. They replace complex, nested if-then-else selection structures.
Teaching Tips
Finally, iteration is also based on classic flow-of-control structures from structured programming.
We have found it appropriate to at least review the basic difference “repeat until” (= do at least once) and “do while” (do only if and until) iterations.
Teaching Tips
The notion of sequence and selection is based on classic flow-of-control structures in structured programming.
Teaching Tips
Do the poker chip problem as a fun, in-class exercise to illustrate the potential and value of decision tables.
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Conversion Notes
Most books do not teach “control flows.” The were initially proposed by Paul Ward in his books that extended structured analysis techniques to cover real-time systems. They are especially useful in contemporary information systems analysis because they are as close as structured analysis gets to illustrating “messages” in an object-oriented world.
Teaching Tips
Make sure students do not confuse data flows with flowchart arrows. Flowchart arrows are not named because they merely indicate “the next step.” Data flows pass actual data attributes to and from processes.
CRUD is a useful acronym from the database world to remember the basic data flows as they relate to data stores: Create, Read, Update (or change), and Delete.
One of the most common uses of composite data flows is to combine many reports into a single data flow on a high-level DFD. They can also be used to combine similar transactions on a higher level DFD before differentiating between those flows on lower-level DFDs.
Context diagrams are taught in Chapter 8.
Use case diagrams, an object-oriented analysis tool that also describes interfaces, will be taught in Part Five, Module A.
Context diagrams are taught in Chapter 8.
Use case diagrams, an object-oriented analysis tool that also describes interfaces, will be taught in Part Five, Module A.
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Conversion Notes
Some DFD methodologies suggest that data flows to and from data stores not be named. We think this confuses the end-users when they try to read the diagrams. Also, we believe that it is easier to have DFD errors of omission if the rules state that some flows are named while others are not.
Some DFD notations actually use the CRUD letters only to name flows to and from data stores. We consider this an acceptable alternative. CRUD is a useful acronym from the database world to remember the basic data flows as they relate to data stores: Create, Read, Update (or change), and Delete.
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Conversion Notes
Many structured analysis books do not specifically use the term data structure, but the relational algebraic notation is very common in both books and CASE tools.
Some books refer to data attributes as data elements. Some also call them data fields, but some would argue that field is a very technical-, implementation-, or physical-oriented term (that is not consistent with our emphasis on logical DFDs).
Teaching Tip
Bring several “physical” business forms to class. Transform one form into its relational algebraic data structure. Then, divide students into teams and ask them to perform the same exercise on a form and present their solutions to the class.
Teaching Tips
Point out that the same basic structures of sequence, selection, and iteration—that we applied to procedures using Structured English—are being applied here to describe data structures.
We have never found any form or file structure that could not be described using this notation!
Teaching Tips
Point out that the same basic structures of sequence, selection, and iteration—that we applied to procedures using Structured English—are being applied here to describe data structures.
We have never found any form or file structure that could not be described using this notation!
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Teaching Notes
In previous editions, we tried to distinguish between “information systems” and “computer applications” (the latter being a subset of the former). This created more confusion with students than it was worth.
Some books use the term “computer technology.” We prefer the more contemporary term “information technology” as a superset of computer technology.
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Teaching Notes
In previous editions, we tried to distinguish between “information systems” and “computer applications” (the latter being a subset of the former). This created more confusion with students than it was worth.
Some books use the term “computer technology.” We prefer the more contemporary term “information technology” as a superset of computer technology.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Conversion Notes
Different CASE tools use different notations to illustrate converging and diverging data flows. In fact, some CASE tools do not even support this concept.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Conversion Notes
Most books refer to external agents by the name of external entities. Eventually, we expect to borrow the object-oriented term “actors.”
Teaching Tips
It is very important to emphasize the external agents on DFDs are not the same as entities on ERDs (from Chapter 7)—especially if the instructor prefers the more traditional term “external entity.”
This is true even though you could have both an entity (on an ERD) with the same name as an external agent/entity on a DFD. Consider the entity CUSTOMER and the external agent CUSTOMER:
The entity CUSTOMER indicates the requirement to store data about customers.
The external agent CUSTOMER indicates the requirement for an interaction (inputs and/or outputs) with customers.
It is very important for students to understand that external agents are “processes” outside of the scope of the system or business. As such, as scope “increases,” external agents can become processes. Conversely, if scope “decreases,” processes can become external agents.
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Teaching Tips
Emphasize that a data store contains all instances of a data entity (from the data model). That is why data store names are plurals (as contrasted to data entity names that are singular).
Although we don’t prefer it, some analysts designate a data store to contain all instances of several entities and relationships from a data model. For example, an ORDERS data store might include all instances of the data entities ORDER and ORDERED PRODUCT, and all instances of the relationship between ORDER and ORDERED PRODUCT—We prefer the simplicity of representing each data entity from the data model as its own data store on the process models.
Emphasize that because data stores are shared resources available to many processes, it is acceptable to duplicate them on several DFDs—The duplication does NOT indicate redundant storage (on logical DFDs); it merely represents the sharing of the data store by several processes.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Teaching Tips
This is a context slide only. In this chapter, our demonstration of DFDs is exclusively for “systems analysis,” specifically “requirements modeling.”
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Conversion Notes
It might be best NOT to show this slide to students. It is primarily intended to help instructors understand the differences between original structured analysis and contemporary structured analysis (the latter is shown on the next slide).
This approach to systems analysis is rarely practiced and is no longer recommended even by its original evangelists, Tom DeMarco and Ed Yourdon. Yourdon officially updated the methodology based on the seminal work, Essential Systems Analysis, by McMenamin and Palmer. The revised approach is shown on the next slide.
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Conversion Notes
Although this process may not be as familiar to some adopters as the top-down, fully leveled, classical “physical-logical-logical-physical” approach in the 1976 DeMarco methodology, this is the more contemporary approach and is taught in our book. The original approach is rarely, if ever, practiced because it is so labor intensive and time consuming.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Teaching Tips
This context comes directly from Chapter 3. The blue processes and the blue and black data flows define systems analysis.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Teaching Tips
Emphasize that a context DFD does not have to show every net data flow. For most systems, that would overwhelm the reader. Trivial or less common flows can be omitted until later diagrams, and composite data flows can be created to combine multiple flows. As a result, and in the strictest sense, not all primitive data flows may “balance” up to the context DFD, but we sacrifice that balancing to improve readability and validation. All data flows on the context DFD will balance down to the lower-level DFDs (although composite data flows will be replaced by their separate component data flows).
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Conversion Notes
For instructors not familiar with event-driven structured analysis, see the Yourdon book, Modern Structured Analysis.
Events are very similar to use cases in object-oriented analysis.
Teaching Tips
Events are represented on DFDs as data flows (for external events) or control flows (for temporal and state events).
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Conversion Notes
Why teach use cases in a DFD chapter? Simple! We recognized the similarity of concept between Yourdon’s event-response structured analysis paradigm and Jacobsen’s use case object-oriented analysis paradigm.
Note that DFDs are included in at least one early object-oriented analysis methodology, namely, OMT (Rumbaugh, et al.).
Teaching Tips
Agents are essentially equivalent to DFD external agents.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Teaching Tips
Most event decomposition diagrams will require multiple pages (or one very large plotter-style page) because most systems are required to respond to many events (possibly dozens or hundreds).
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Teaching Tips
Most system DFDs will not fit on one or two pages—too many event processes. Instead they must be illustrated in a series of system diagrams that correspond to the structure originally depicted in the functional decomposition diagram.
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Teaching Tips
It is important to recognize that not all events require a primitive DFD to be drawn. This is especially true of most report-writing and inquiry response event processes. Drawing detailed DFDs for such processes is usually little more than “busy work.”
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Teaching Tips
The screen capture demonstrates the dialogue box used to insert the data structure for a data flow on a DFD. Each data flow would require a similar data structure to be specified.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
Teaching Tips
The screen capture demonstrates the dialogue box used to insert the logic structure for a process on a DFD. Only those processes for which the logic is not intuitive would require a similar logic structure to be specified.
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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Chapter 8 - Process Modeling
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