changes Open Science in High-Energy Physics - Salvatore Mele at OpenCon
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The document summarizes Salvatore Mele's presentation on open science in high-energy physics (HEP) at the OpenCon 2015 conference in Brussels. It discusses how HEP research requires massive international collaboration and data sharing. It provides examples of open data initiatives like the arXiv preprint server and the SCOAP3 consortium that converted major HEP journals to open access. It argues that open data sharing has always been essential to HEP and accelerates scientific progress, though some initially viewed open data in HEP as impossible due to its size and complexity.
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changes Open Science in High-Energy Physics - Salvatore Mele at OpenCon
- 1. Change Alley: Open Science in High-Energy Physics a.k.a. what’s impossible and what’s not November 14th, 2015 OpenCon 2015 - Brussels Salvatore.Mele@CERN.ch
- 2. HEP – High Energy Physics (crawling Wikipedia)
- 3. What is the world made of ? International Catalog of World Coins
- 4. How does stuff work ? flickr.com/photos/paulm/2253776428/
- 7. LHC 10’000+ scientists+engineers, 113 countries, 20+ years
- 8. 27 Km, -271.25°C, 99.999999% of speed of light
- 10. Large as a cathedral flickr.com/photos/the_yes_man/4012514457
- 11. 100 million “sensors”, 40 million pictures/second
- 12. More than 100PB(=100’000TB) on tape at CERN
- 13. Welcome to CERN Discovery of the Higgs boson
- 18. 90% of HEP articles: 1-5 authors (mostly theorists)
- 19. Change Alley: Open Science in High-Energy Physics a.k.a. what’s impossible and what’s not November 14th, 2015 OpenCon 2015 - Brussels Salvatore.Mele@CERN.ch
- 22. L3 detector at CERN LEP accelerator
- 24. Head of Open Access at CERN
- 27. Wikipedia
- 32. Change Alley: Open Science in High-Energy Physics a.k.a. what’s impossible and what’s not November 14th, 2015 OpenCon 2015 - Brussels Salvatore.Mele@CERN.ch
- 35. impossible
- 36. Observer,Alamy
- 38. Wikipedia
- 39. Scholarly communication would have been impossible without scientific journals
- 40. Observer,Alamy
- 42. Altissimum planetam tergeminum observavi
- 46. Once upon a time, when air-mail was fast…
- 47. …HEP scientists wrote papers…
- 48. …passed them through the cyclostyle/mimeograph… Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
- 49. …then mailed them to journals AND colleagues…
- 50. …other scientists read these PREPRINTS…
- 51. …libraries catalogued these PREPRINTS…
- 52. … into Open Access repositories.
- 53. T. Berners-Lee, CERN, ’91: the web is born
- 55. P. Ginsparg ’91:“Preprints on the internet?” arXiv.org
- 56. 97% of HEP journals’ content is in arXiv.org
- 57. Effects of global (green) Open Access in HEP Open Access accelerates Science! Scientific dialogue on subject repositories % of HEP journals content is OA as preprin Journals no longer have a communication role! en Access subject repositories accelerate Scienc HEP articles also available OA! Years ! Citatations! 0 ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 8 !-1 ! 4! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! Only published ! Gentil-Beccot, Mele, Brooks arXiv:0906.5418
- 60. Is impossible to convert existing journals to Open Access limiting the use of fresh money, and with no burden for researchers
- 62. Observer,Alamy
- 63. SCOAP3.org Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics
- 69. Re-use the CERN model…
- 72. Re-use money …
- 73. …spent by libraries for subscriptions…
- 74. …and liaise with Funding Agencies…
- 75. …to pay peer-review/publishing services…
- 76. …and not for content...
- 77. …which is “mostly open” anyhow!
- 78. Keep scientists happy !
- 79. Sweden 0,8% Mexico 0,8% Taiwan 0,8% Portugal 0,9% Netherlands 0,9% Iran 0,9% Israel 1,0% Poland 1,3% Switzerland 1,4% Korea 1,8% CERN 2,0% India 2,6% Brazil 2,6% Canada 2,7% Spain 2,9% Russia 3,4% France 3,8% China 5,3% United Kingdom 6,7% Italy 6,9% Japan 7,2% Germany 9,1% United States 24,9% Other Countries 9,3% Cern Scientific Information Service Distribution of HEP publications, average 2005-2006 J. Krause et al. CERN-OPEN-2007-014 Estimated cost: 5M€/year fairly distributed: each country contributes share of HEP publications
- 81. Took some time to get organized
- 82. Publisher Journal Nuclear Physics B Physics Letters B Advances in High Energy Physics Chinese Physics C Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics New Journal of Physics Acta Physica Polonica B Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics European Physical Journal C Journal of High Energy Physics
- 83. Start SCOAP3
- 84. Publisher Journal articles Nuclear Physics B 605 Physics Letters B 1’659 Advances in High Energy Physics 312 Chinese Physics C 44 Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 414 New Journal of Physics 17 Acta Physica Polonica B 33 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 148 European Physical Journal C 1’045 Journal of High Energy Physics 3’839 Articles as of November 13th 2015: Share of all HEP 8’116 >50%
- 85. 3 times cheaper than hybrid APCs ~10 times cheaper for public purse 99.98% compliance
- 86. Publisher Journal APC Nuclear Physics B $ 2’000 Physics Letters B $ 1’800 Advances in High Energy Physics $ 1’000 Chinese Physics C £ 1’000 Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics £ 1’400 New Journal of Physics £ 1’200 Acta Physica Polonica B € 500 Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics £ 1’000 European Physical Journal C € 1’500 Journal of High Energy Physics € 1’200 Average effective APC 2014: (In 2014 SCOAP3 pays max 2011 #articles, rest free) € 1’042
- 87. SCOAP3 journals APC (2014, in Euro) 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Sources: Journal Cita?on Report, publishers’ websites, scoap3.org, webarchive.org 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Impact Factor (2012) Chart: C. Romeu et al. (2014) The SCOAP3 ini1a1ve and the Open Access - Ar1cle- Processing-Charge market: global partnership and compe11on improve value in the dissemina1on of science DOI: 10.2314/CERN/C26P.W9DT a) hUps://github.com/OpenAPC/openapc-de; b) hUp://figshare.com/ar?cles/2015_Jan_June_UK_APC_data_combined/1509860 c) hUp://blog.wellcome.ac.uk/2015/03/03/the-reckoning-an-analysis-of-wellcome- trust-open-access-spend-2013-14/ Average APC 2014 paid by German universi?es: € 1,234a SCOAP3 average effec?ve APC 2014: € 1,042 Average APC 2015 paid by UK higher educa?on inst: € 2,351b Average APC 2013-2014 paid by the Wellcome Trust: € 2,502c Real costs to the system (very liUle fresh money)
- 88. Partnership Dec 2013 Partners joined during 2014 Partners joining in 2015 Partnership today: 43 countries + 3 IGOs Austria Belgium Canada CERNa China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary IAEAb NEW: Iceland Israel Italy Japan JINRc Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland NEW: Taiwan Turkey United Kingdom United States of America NEW: 12 additional U.S. Universities a) European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva b) International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna c) Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna representing 12 of its member states 46 countries, 3 IGO, 3’000 libraries today, and growing
- 89. Research intensive countries supporting SCOAP3 Territory size shows the proportion of all scientific papers published in 2001 written by authors living there http://www.worldmapper.org/display.php?selected=205
- 93. Piled Higher and Deeper by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com title: "Sharing" - originally published 9/4/2015 phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1818
- 94. Piled Higher and Deeper by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com title: "Sharing" - originally published 9/4/2015 data
- 95. Open Data in High-Energy Physics is impossible (too complex, large, dangerous, un-understandable, useless…)
- 96. Observer,Alamy
- 98. L3 detector at CERN LEP accelerator
- 108. Welcome to CERN To find the Higgs boson…
- 109. …analyse ~100PB(=100’000TB) on tape at CERN
- 110. What you really need to understand the Universe?
- 123. Persistent Identifiers: no-profit, community-driven, infrastructures
- 125. width. Acknowledgments AF thanks Dean Carmi, Erik Kuflik, Francesco Riva, Alfredo Urbano, Tomer Volansky and Jure Zupan for collaboration on closely related projects. AF also thanks the organizers of the conference Windows on the Universe for the invitation and support. References 1. G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 716, 1 (2012) [arXiv:1207.7214 [hep-ex]]. S. Chatrchyan et al. [CMS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 716, 30 (2012) [arXiv:1207.7235 [hep-ex]]. 2. B. Grzadkowski et al. , JHEP 1010, 085 (2010) [arXiv:1008.4884 [hep-ph]], 3. R. Contino et al. JHEP 1307 (2013) 035 [arXiv:1303.3876 [hep-ph]]. 4. A. Falkowski, F. Riva and A. Urbano, arXiv:1303.1812 [hep-ph]. 5. G. Aad et al. [ATLAS Collaboration], Phys. Lett. B 726 (2013) 88 [arXiv:1307.1427 [hep-ex]]. 6. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson produc- tion and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! ,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.A78C.HK44 7. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson pro- duction and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! ZZ⇤ ! 4`,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.RF5P.6M3K 8. ATLAS Collaboration, “Data from Figure 7 from: Measurements of Higgs boson pro- duction and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC: H ! WW⇤ ! `⌫`⌫,” http://doi.org/10.7484/INSPIREHEP.DATA.26B4.TY5F 9. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-034. 10. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-079. 11. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2012-135. 12. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-080. 13. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-009. 14. ATLAS Collaboration, ATLAS-CONF-2013-010. 15. CMS Collaboration, CMS-HIG-13-001.
- 131. CMS detector
- 132. CMS collaboration: 3000 scientists, 85 countries - Consensus
- 133. CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy CMS data are unique and are the result of vast and long-term moral, human and financial investment by the international community. There is unique scientific opportunity in re-using these data, at different level of abstraction and at different points in time1 . This opportunity calls for our collective responsibility, and poses unprecedented challenges as no data sample of this complexity and value has ever been preserved or made available for later re-use. The CMS collaboration is committed to preserve its data, at different levels of complexity, and to allow their re-use by a wide community including: collaboration members long after the data are taken, experimental and theoretical HEP scientists who were not members of the collaboration, educational and outreach initiatives, and citizen scientists in the general public. CMS upholds the principle that open access to the data will, in the long term, allow the maximum realization of their scientific potential. To that extent, CMS will provide open access to its data after a suitable but relatively short embargo period, allowing CMS collaborators to fully exploit their scientific potential. This policy describes the CMS principles of data preservation, re-use and open access, as well as the relevant actors in all these tasks and their roles and responsibilities. CMS understands that in order to fully exploit all these re-use opportunities, immediate and continued resources are needed. The level of support that CMS will be able to provide to external users depends on the available funding. This policy addresses the moral responsibility of CMS for its data, as well as the increasing concern of fundingDOI: 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.UDBF.JKR9
- 141. G. Organtini
- 142. G. Organtini
- 143. G. Organtini
- 145. Wikipedia
- 150. Observer,Alamy