Presented by Rachel Kramer (MACE Lab NRF Intern 2016) at SCCP 2016

1. Changes in recreational shore angler attitudes
towards and awareness of, linefish management
along the KZN coast
Rachel Kramer, Stuart Dunlop, Bruce
Mann, Judy Mann-Lang & Deborah
Robertson-Andersson

2. Recreational shore-based
fisheries in KZN
•‘People’s fishery’: multi-user
•Multi-species: with varying life
history traits & exploitation
statuses (100 species)
•Open access – recreational
fishing license introduced
1998
•Challenging to manage
There is no perfect management system,
every system can be improved!
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Currentstockstatus

3. Predator
Prey
Knowledge
Attitude
Behaviour (KAB)

4. 13 years
2016:
No other provinces hav
been re-evaluated
7 years
1996:
Nationwide survey
(Brouwer et al. 1997)
2009:
Re-evaluation of KZN
fishery
(Dunlop & Mann 2012)
Significant
changes in
linefishery - 
fishing effort
Still no
research
on KAB!
Weakened
management/
monitoring
compromised

5. • Compare KAB data collected during two independent snap-shot
surveys:
 Who are the ‘fishermen’?
 What are their attitudes towards management?
 What did they know?
 Did they comply?
 Inspection rates in KZN
So what?
Aims and objectives

6. Methods

7. 19km
76% KZN
13km
79% KZN
Who were they?
1996 2009
WhiteIndian White
Indian
0
20
40
60
80
100
Employed Self-employed Unemployed Retired Student
Occupation(%)
1996
2009
Employed:
74% in 1996
61% in 2009
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
>5 5-15yrs 16-25yrs 26-35yrs 36-50yrs >50yrs
Yearsspentfishing
Years of experience
1996
2009

8. 31
24 21
3
46
23
18
9 6
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Minimum size
limit
Bag limit Closed season MPAs Beach vehicle
ban
%disobedience
1996 2008
94
76
71
86
93
82
89 88
49
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Min size limit Bag limit Closed seasons MPAs Beach vehicle
ban
%dosupport Support for regulations
Admitted to disobeying
Have you
broken
these
regulations?
Do you
think they’re
effective?

9. Inspection rates
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1996 2009
No.Timesinspected
annually
1996: 80% Yes
2009: 86% Yes
Have you ever
been
inspected?
Area Inspection frequency
Western Cape 1 in every 26 years
Eastern Cape 1 in every 15 years
KZN 1 every nine outings

10. 0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
Minimum size limit Bag limit Closed season
Averagetestscores(%)
1996
2009
What are the
regulations for
most targeted
species?
Knowledge of regulations

11. Shad
Dusky kob
Bronze bream
Blacktail
Natal stumpnose
Strepie
Spotted grunter
Leervis
Southern
Pompano
Other
Shad
Dusky kob
Spotted grunter
Blacktail
Natal
stumpnose
Strepie
Leervis
Other
Target species for test question
24 species 57 species
1996 2009

12. Attitudes towards the state of fishery
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Pollution
Gillnets
Trawling
Overfishing
Climate change
Other
Reasonsfordecline
1996
2009
Has fishing
declined over
the years?
Why?

13. Where are we now?
What does this mean for fisheries
management?

14. Current situation...
•1970’s Ezemvelo managed marine resource use in KZN
• KZN recreational fishing high/diverse
•15 zones, zone officers & field rangers, shore patrols and
boat inspection
•DAFF contract with Ezemvelo not renewed (1 August
2016)
•DAFF- hotspot monitoring

15. Where do we go from here...
FishCARE programme principles

16. Compliance
•Inspection vs. Compliance
•Visible enforcement: present
& effective
•Voluntary compliance
• MPAs
•High support for MPAs
•High knowledge of closed
seasons
•Easy to police (requires less
enforcement)

17. Research & data collection
•Long-term data monitoring
•True reflection of fishery
•Correct management
•DAFF- hotspots
•Observer program

18. Education & Awareness
• Increase knowledge of
regulations
•Promote catch and release
angling
•Responsible fishing
•Educate new enforcement –
training component needed
•Educate enforcement officer:
knowledge transfer

19. Thank you
TheRedSteenbraspopulationis THISBIG