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- 1. FUTURE CITIES: Providingworld class civic amenities in urban India MANTHAN Team: Change Masters Radhika Bhatter Trishla Gupta Aditya Chadha Anand Kumar Chetan Dawada College: MDI Gurgaon
- 2. 2010 2015 20202025 13.6 14.5 15.1 16.4 India’s Population Growth 1950 – 2050 Population of top 50 cities as a % of total population • It is estimated that about 30 people migrate from rural areas to urban areas every minute • The total urban population in the world became 50 % of the total population in 2008 • By 2030 the world’s urban population is expected to cross five billion • in 2010, about 1/3rd of the total population was living in slums • By 2030, the total number of cities with population more than 1 million will become 68 from the current 42 • India’s cities could become responsible for generating more than 70% of the total GDP and drive a four fold increase in per capita incomes • India needs to invest about $1.2 trillion in its cities by 2030 Urbanization – World & India Source – UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Reports, World Bank Reports, CIA World Factbook
- 3. To sustain itsurban populace, India must by 2030 - 900 million sq mtrs of commercial & residential space - construct 7400 kms of metros and subways - pave 2.5 billion sq miles of roads - invest $96 billion to increase water supply - invest $100 billion to treat its sewage By 2030, if India does not act - demand for affordable housing will exceed supply by 4 times - demand for rail based mass transit will be 2.5 times the supply - demand for private transit will be double the supply - demand for water will be double the supply - demand for sewage treatment will be 3.5 times the supply Rank City Country Population Area sq. kms Density 1 Mumbai India 14,350,000 484 29,650 2 Kolkata India 12,700,000 531 23,900 8 Chennai India 5,950,000 414 14,350 13 Delhi India 14,300,000 1,295 11,050 19 Bangalore India 5,400,000 534 10,100 India’s Urban Explosion Source – India Brand Equity Foundation Reports, Mckinsey Quarterly Reports, The Economist
- 4. Problems with JnNURM •Poor planning • Acute capacity deficit at municipal level • Focus on expenditure related targets and not on service outcomes • Low involvement of citizens The issues and projects are larger and should not be left for civic bodies alone Investment of more than $20 billion over 7 years in 71 cities Ex. Nagpur city • Bought 400 new buses and handed it over to a private party, just to realize that it had no garage or place to park the new buses • Went ahead with 24*7 water supply project, realized after the implementation of the 1st phase that the water pressure was very low, resulting in protests by citizens Civic bodies award the projects in hurry just to achieve the investment targets set by the government
- 5. 1. Expert PlanningCommittee • Planning process should be top-down • Civic bodies do not possess the expertise to implement huge projects • Start with few cities with very high growth rates • Sanction funds only after proper plan is proposed and clearances received • Indian cities have high population density • Very few cities can handle increase in FSI • Let the expert committee decide how every individual city can expand and accommodate the population influx • Find thee locations where totally new cities are needed START WITH BASICS We do not want mega cities, but sustainable cities
- 6. 2. Satellite/ twincities Give people the reason to move to the new place Reason: Availability of jobs, safety, better civic amenities and infrastructure How do we ensure that: Shift government offices from old cities to their satellite cities • No matter how much money is infused, existing cities can not cope up with the increasing population • Construct high speed metro rails connecting the two city centers • Ensure all the underground work is done before transferring the land – high capacity pipelines, electric wires, etc Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar Hyderabad-Secunderabad Mumbai-Navi Mumbai
- 7. 2.1 Shifting ofGovernment Offices Benefits •The large space occupied by government offices gets opened up •Can be used for low budget settlements, community centers and parks which are desperately needed by Indian cities •The shifting of government offices will give a reason to the citizens to shift, and private builders to construct new townships •Spreading of government offices will reduce law and order problem as the security services will not be concentrated at one place Shifting government offices Open up large space Form a new satellite city • Form a separate civic body/division that will specifically look after any new construction outside a particular city limit, as well as the new satellite city
- 8. 2.2 Shifting ofCricket Stadiums and constructing new Railway Stations • Shift the existing International cricket stadiums to the new city • Citizens will still travel the distance to watch cricket matches • Convert the old stadiums into sports coaching academy or hockey/football stadiums, which needs attention • Built a new railway station for the satellite city • Some of the trains that went through the old station should stop at the new one, so that the traffic gets divided • Usually, the area around the railway stations is the most crowded part of the city- illegal hawkers, incoming traffic and congested place make things worse • The area around these stadiums and railway stations could be decongested • With infrastructure and basic services in place, these satellite cities can act as growth drivers • There is a limit to the changes that can be brought to the existing infrastructure • With high influx of population, providing civic amenities to all in the old cities becomes difficult
- 9. • The basicproblem while implementing the civic amenities is population density of cities, and that too is increasing • If we could reduce or atleast restrict it, providing civic amenities will not be as challenging as it is now • Most of the existing cities are not sustainable, with increased problems of water supply, sanitation, drainage system, traffic, issues with parking of vehicles, etc • The infrastructure that was built to handle X million people, now has to handle 4X to 5X people • A separate agency needs to look after newer areas/expanded localities • Then only the local body can concentrate on civic duties like - Conservation, augmentation and recycling of urban water - Urban sanitation/low cost sanitation - Implementation of community toilet complex New satellite cities should be built- to save our crumbling cities, provide world class civic amenities and drive growth Summing Up..