Ch2
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The document discusses the structure and operation of computer systems. It covers topics like I/O structure, storage hierarchy, hardware protection mechanisms, and general system architecture. Interrupts are used to transfer control from user programs to the operating system kernel to handle events like I/O completion or timer interrupts. The memory is divided into protected regions for the kernel and user programs through the use of base and limit registers. System calls provide a mechanism for user programs to request services from the operating system kernel like performing I/O.
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The document discusses the structure and operation of computer systems. It covers topics like I/O structure, storage hierarchy, hardware protection mechanisms, and network structures. The key points are:
- I/O devices can operate concurrently through device controllers and interrupts. Asynchronous I/O allows the CPU to continue processing without waiting for I/O completion.
- Memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest and most expensive (registers, cache) to slower and cheaper storage (main memory, disks). Caching improves performance by copying data to faster levels.
- Hardware provides protection through dual mode operation, privileged instructions, and memory segmentation using base/limit registers to separate user and system memory. Interrupts also ensure the
Ch2 OS
The document discusses various aspects of computer system structures including I/O structure, storage structure, hardware protection, and network structures. It describes how I/O devices can execute concurrently through device controllers and interrupts. It also explains the storage hierarchy from main memory to secondary storage devices. Hardware protection mechanisms are discussed like dual mode operation, I/O protection, memory protection and CPU protection using privileged instructions and mode bits. Local and wide area network structures are briefly introduced.
Ch1
This chapter provides an introduction and overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It describes the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then discusses the structure and functions of operating systems, including process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security, and distributed systems. It provides examples of different computing environments like traditional, client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based computing.
Operating system (BCS303) MODULE 1 NOTES
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts across 3 chapters. It describes the core functions of an operating system including process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security. It also discusses computer system organization including hardware components, multiprocessing, and storage hierarchies. Key operating system structures are explained such as interrupt handling, I/O processing, and virtual memory. Different computing environments like client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based systems are also introduced.
operating system over view.ppt operating sysyems
The document discusses the key concepts of operating systems including their goals, structure, functions and management of processes, memory, storage and security. Specifically, it describes how an operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and hardware to execute programs efficiently while making resource allocation decisions. It also outlines the hierarchy of computer storage and caching strategies used to optimize performance.
OS - Ch1
This chapter introduces operating systems by describing their main components and functions. It discusses how operating systems act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to execute programs and manage system resources like the CPU, memory, storage and I/O devices. It also provides an overview of computer system organization, operating system structure, common operations and how operating systems handle processes, memory and storage management.
Operating systems. replace ch1 with numbers for next chapters
This chapter introduces operating systems and their core components and functions. It discusses how operating systems act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to execute programs and manage system resources like the CPU, memory, storage and I/O devices. It also describes the basic structure of a computer system, including hardware components, the operating system, application programs and users. Finally, it provides overviews of key operating system operations like process management, memory management and storage management.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
This chapter introduces operating systems and their major components. It discusses how operating systems act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to execute programs and manage system resources like the CPU, memory, storage and I/O devices. It also covers the basic structure of a computer system including hardware components, the operating system, application programs, and users. Key operating system functions like process management, memory management and storage management are introduced.
Operating system lecture 2. batch system.memory layout
This document outlines the agenda and key topics covered in an operating systems lecture. The lecture discusses single-user systems, batch systems, multiprogrammed systems, time-sharing systems, and real-time systems. It also covers interrupts, traps, signals, and how the CPU, I/O, and memory are protected. The lecture provides details on how these different systems work, their features, and examples.
Module1
This document provides lecture notes on operating systems. It begins with an overview of operating systems, their goals and functions. It describes the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs and users. It then covers common operating system concepts such as processes, memory management, storage management, I/O subsystem and protection/security. The document also discusses distributed systems and operating system services provided to users and for efficient system operation.
IO hardware
This document provides an overview of IO hardware and how operating systems manage communication with input/output devices. It discusses how device drivers act as interfaces between the OS and different types of hardware. It also describes various techniques for communicating with devices, including using registers, memory-mapped IO, polling, interrupts, DMA, and the roles of controllers. Interrupts allow asynchronous notification to the CPU when devices need attention. DMA offloads data transfers from the CPU. Effective management of IO is important for system performance.
Lecture1,2,3 (1).pdf
The operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. Its primary goals are to execute user programs, coordinate access to physical resources like the CPU and memory, and make the computer system convenient to use. The operating system controls and coordinates hardware use among applications and users. It manages resources like CPU time and memory allocation to ensure efficient and fair use between processes. The operating system also protects the system through dual-mode operation separating user programs from kernel programs.
UNIT 5- UNDERSTANDING THE SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS.pptx
This document provides information about I/O hardware, secondary storage structures, and the system design process. It discusses different types of I/O devices and how they connect to computers via ports and buses. It describes memory-mapped I/O and how devices communicate with the CPU via registers or direct memory access. The document outlines different disk scheduling algorithms like first-come, first-served, shortest seek time first, SCAN and C-SCAN and compares their performance characteristics. It also covers interrupts and how they allow devices to notify the CPU to efficiently handle I/O transfers.
Mca ii os u-1 introduction to os
The document discusses operating system concepts including:
1. An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware, executing programs and making the computer convenient to use.
2. A computer system consists of hardware, operating system, application programs, and users, with the operating system controlling resource allocation.
3. Key operating system functions include process management, memory management, storage management, and handling interrupts to enable concurrent execution.
OSLec1&2.ppt
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts, including the four main components of a computer system (hardware, operating system, application programs, and users). It describes operating system functions like process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security. It also covers computer system organization topics such as interrupts, I/O structure, storage hierarchy and caching. Finally, it discusses operating system structures, operations, and different computing environments including client-server, peer-to-peer and web-based systems.
Operating system
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts, including:
- The role of an operating system is to act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware to execute programs and efficiently manage system resources.
- A computer system consists of hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. The operating system controls and coordinates the hardware resources among applications and users.
- Operating systems perform process management, memory management, storage management, and security functions to allocate resources and control concurrent execution of programs.
OS-ch01-2024.ppt
operating systems concepts, ch-01, third level, Faculity of Applied Scinces, Seiyun University. انظمة التشغيل لطلاب المستوى الثالث بكلية العلوم التطبيقية المحاضرة 01
Operating system- Chapter 1.pptx to study
The document provides an overview of operating system concepts including:
- The four main components of a computer system: hardware, operating system, application programs, and users.
- Operating system functions such as managing resources, controlling execution of programs, and acting as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware.
- Computer system organization including CPU, memory, I/O devices, interrupts, and direct memory access.
- Operating system operations related to process management, memory management, storage management, and protection and security.
Similar to Ch2 (20)
Operating systems. replace ch1 with numbers for next chapters
Operating systems. replace ch1 with numbers for next chapters
Operating system lecture 2. batch system.memory layout
Operating system lecture 2. batch system.memory layout
UNIT 5- UNDERSTANDING THE SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS.pptx
UNIT 5- UNDERSTANDING THE SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS.pptx
Ch2
- 6. Interrupt Time Line For a Single Process Doing Output
- 8. Two I/O methods Synchronous Asynchronous
- 20. A Base And A limit Register Define A Logical Address Space
- 24. Use of A System Call to Perform I/O