chapter 10 personality disorders

1. Organization of Personality Disorders Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

2. Normal Stable mood and low levels of impulsive urge. Occasional thoughts of spontaneity in a socially adaptive way. Acts different in different situations depending on the social context. Emotions Cognitions Behaviors Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

3. Normal Mild Occasional mood swings and impulsive urges. Occasional thoughts of spontaneous activity suchas stealing. Acts inappropriately at times in work or social situations. Emotions Cognitions Behaviors Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

4. Normal Mild Moderate Frequent mood swings and some impulsive urges butlittle impairment at work or with relationships. Frequent odd thoughts or thoughts of dangerous activitysuch as harming self or others. Problematic personality trait such as impulsivity or emotional reactivity shown in many situations. Emotions Cognitions Behaviors Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

5. Normal Mild Moderate Personality Disorder – Less Severe Intense mood swings and impulsive urges with significant impairment at work or with relationships. Intense thoughts of suicide, paranoia, abandonment,attention from others, vengeance, or work. Problematic personality traits and dangerous behavior shown in almost all situations. Emotions Cognitions Behaviors Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

6. Normal Mild Moderate Personality Disorder – Less Severe Personality Disorder – More Severe Extreme mood swings and impulsive or aggressive urges that lead to self-harm, arrest, or violence. Extreme and constant thoughts of suicide, paranoia,abandonment, attention from others, vengeance, or work. Problematic personality traits and dangerous behavior shown in all situations with intense distress and impairment. Emotions Cognitions Behaviors Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

7. Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

8. Personality Disorders 9-15.7% of population Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders 2.1% of population Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

9. Personality traits related to genetics: Emotional expression Suspiciousness Cognitive distortion Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

10. Schizoid, Schizotypal My privacy is more important to me than is closeness to people Schizoid, Schizotypal I shouldn’t confide in others Paranoid I cannot trust other people Paranoid Other people have hidden motives Paranoid It isn’t safe to confide in other people Examples of Cognitions Associated with Odd or Eccentric Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

11. Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of schizophrenia); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., cognitive and perceptual deficits; dopaminergic dysfunction) Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., parental Abuse, emotional withdrawal) Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., distrust, autonomy); Personality traits (e.g., restricted expression, suspiciousness) Possible odd/eccentric personality disorder Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

12. Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic

13. Repeated criminal acts that could result in arrest Repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning Impulsivity Irritability and aggressiveness Disregard for the safety of oneself or others Chronic irresponsibility Lack of remorse for having hurt or mistreated others Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

14. Extreme attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment Impulsivity that is potentially self-damaging Anger control problems Lack of a sense of self, or unstable self-image Recurrent suicidal behavior or self-mutilating behavior Dissociation or paranoid thoughts that occur in response to stress Chronic feeling of emptiness Intense and unstable interpersonal relationships Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

15. Discomfort in situations where s/he is not the center of attention Inappropriately provocative or sexually seductive interaction with others Emotions that shift rapidly and do not seem “real” Physical appearance is used to draw attention to oneself Speech characterized by unsupported “impressions” Very dramatic behavior and expression of emotions Very suggestible and easily influenced Relationships are considered much more intimate and closer than they actually are Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

16. Extreme sense of self-importance Preoccupation with (unrealistic) fantasies of greatness and importance Belief that one’s “uniqueness” can only be understood by special or high-status people Excessive need for admiration Extreme sense of entitlement Interpersonally exploitative Lack of empathy for others Frequent envy or belief that others are envious of him or her Arrogant behavior and attitude Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

17. Prefrontal cortex Hypothalamus Somatosensory cortex Thalamus Amygdala Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

18. Childhood maltreatment Poor parental bonding Cognitive beliefs Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

19. Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of mood or impulsive disorders); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., impulsive aggression; affective instability; serotonergic or noradrenergic dysfunction) Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., child abuse, poor parental bonding, inconsistent parenting) Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., immediate gratification, dramatic); Personality traits (e.g., emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, callousness) Possible dramatic personality disorder Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

20. Anxious/fearful Personality Disorders Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Compulsive

21. Avoidance of situations that may involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of disapproval, criticism, or rejection Feelings of inadequacy cause him or her to be inhibited in new social situations Reluctance to get involved with other people unless there is some degree of certainty that she or he will be liked Believes self to be inept, unappealing, and inferior Restrained close relationships because of a fear of being embarrassed or ridiculed Very risk-aversive and unlikely to engage in any new activities because of the fear of being embarrassed Preoccupied with the thought of being criticized or rejected in social situations Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

22. Difficulty making simple decisions without advice and reassurance from others Fears of loss of support or approval cause him or her to censor any disagreement with others Desperate to get support and nurturance from others Moves from relationship to relationship to ensure care and support Giving up responsibility for major areas of his or her life Extreme difficulty in doing things independently because of a lack of self-confidence Frequently feels helpless or uncomfortable and fears being unable to take care of oneself Greatly fears being left alone to take care of himself or herself Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

23. Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

24. Personality traits related to anxious/fearful personality disorders Behavioral inhibition Tendency to anticipate harm Excessive sensitivity to negative events Heightened arousal Tendency to see threat in benign events Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

25. Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of anxiety disorders); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., anxiety or inhibition; noradrenergic or GABA dysfunction) Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., insecure attachment to parents; rejection by parents) Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., low self-esteem, ten to catastrophize); Personality traits (e.g., anxiousness, inhibition, submissiveness) Possible anxious/fearful personality disorder Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

26. Medication Ease anxiety and depression Stabilize mood Reduce psychotic symptoms Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders

27. Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders Personality Disorders: Causes and Prevention Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment Organization of Personality Disorders Dramatic Personality Disorders Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders