The document provides information on personality disorders, including:
1. The definition of a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations and causes impairment.
2. The main types of personality disorders are described, including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
3. Assessment of personality disorders involves clinical history, standardized measures, and examining areas like childhood experiences, relationships, employment, and criminal history. Treatments evaluated include psychotherapy, cognitive therapies, and intensive programs, but outcomes vary depending on the specific personality disorder.
Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic condition characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. It affects 1-4% of adults and can cause significant distress through disruptive patterns of thinking and relating. Symptoms include chronic suspicions of exploitation by others and feelings of being deceived. Both genetic and childhood trauma factors may contribute to its development, and it is typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy to modify distorted thoughts and improve relationships and functioning.
This document discusses personality disorders and their treatment. It defines personality disorders as inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that cause distress and impair relationships. Specific personality disorders are grouped into three clusters based on characteristics such as odd or dramatic behaviors. Treatment focuses on building trust, improving social skills, and setting consistent limits and consequences to address dysfunctional behaviors.
This document presents a lecture on personality disorders by Saka Ram Rana. It begins by defining personality and personality disorders, noting that personality disorders represent extreme traits that deviate from cultural norms. The lecture then covers five specific personality disorders - schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - describing their characteristic traits. The document concludes by discussing the importance of recognizing personality disorders in psychiatric and medical settings and covering treatment approaches, including psychotherapy and medication.
All of the personality theories focus at least some of their attention on understanding personality and identifying aspects of personality. Most are also. concerned with the application of theory to facilitate personality change probably biological and trait theory being exception which are more concerned with the identification of traits and far less concerned with change. We will focus on specific personality disorders and the 'symptoms' or personality characteristics associated with them. We will discuss the application of the theories that extend beyond understanding and reach into the realm of psychotherapy, or change. These theories include psychoanalytic and psychodynamic, behavioral and social learning theory, humanistic, and cognitive. Together, these four approaches predominate the world of psychotherapy.
Here are some key points to keep in mind when caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder:
- Set clear limits and boundaries. Be consistent and predictable in your responses to their behaviors.
- Validate their feelings while making it clear that certain behaviors are unacceptable. For example, "I understand you're feeling angry, but threatening staff is not allowed."
- Maintain a nonjudgmental, compassionate attitude. Their behaviors often stem from trauma and difficulties regulating emotions.
- Remain calm and do not take things personally. Their goal may be to get an emotional reaction from you.
- Focus on safety, stability and coping skills rather than past trauma. Help them develop healthier ways of dealing with distress.
This document provides information on personality disorders as defined in the DSM-5. It begins with a general definition of personality disorder and lists the 10 specific personality disorders included: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It then provides more detail on the defining features of paranoid and schizoid personality disorders.
Personality disorders are patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating to other people and events that are relatively inflexible and that impair a person's ability to function socially”.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Paranoid personality disorder is a chronic condition characterized by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others. It affects 1-4% of adults and can cause significant distress through disruptive patterns of thinking and relating. Symptoms include chronic suspicions of exploitation by others and feelings of being deceived. Both genetic and childhood trauma factors may contribute to its development, and it is typically treated with cognitive behavioral therapy to modify distorted thoughts and improve relationships and functioning.
This document discusses personality disorders and their treatment. It defines personality disorders as inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving that cause distress and impair relationships. Specific personality disorders are grouped into three clusters based on characteristics such as odd or dramatic behaviors. Treatment focuses on building trust, improving social skills, and setting consistent limits and consequences to address dysfunctional behaviors.
This document presents a lecture on personality disorders by Saka Ram Rana. It begins by defining personality and personality disorders, noting that personality disorders represent extreme traits that deviate from cultural norms. The lecture then covers five specific personality disorders - schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - describing their characteristic traits. The document concludes by discussing the importance of recognizing personality disorders in psychiatric and medical settings and covering treatment approaches, including psychotherapy and medication.
All of the personality theories focus at least some of their attention on understanding personality and identifying aspects of personality. Most are also. concerned with the application of theory to facilitate personality change probably biological and trait theory being exception which are more concerned with the identification of traits and far less concerned with change. We will focus on specific personality disorders and the 'symptoms' or personality characteristics associated with them. We will discuss the application of the theories that extend beyond understanding and reach into the realm of psychotherapy, or change. These theories include psychoanalytic and psychodynamic, behavioral and social learning theory, humanistic, and cognitive. Together, these four approaches predominate the world of psychotherapy.
Here are some key points to keep in mind when caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder:
- Set clear limits and boundaries. Be consistent and predictable in your responses to their behaviors.
- Validate their feelings while making it clear that certain behaviors are unacceptable. For example, "I understand you're feeling angry, but threatening staff is not allowed."
- Maintain a nonjudgmental, compassionate attitude. Their behaviors often stem from trauma and difficulties regulating emotions.
- Remain calm and do not take things personally. Their goal may be to get an emotional reaction from you.
- Focus on safety, stability and coping skills rather than past trauma. Help them develop healthier ways of dealing with distress.
This document provides information on personality disorders as defined in the DSM-5. It begins with a general definition of personality disorder and lists the 10 specific personality disorders included: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It then provides more detail on the defining features of paranoid and schizoid personality disorders.
Personality disorders are patterns of perceiving, reacting, and relating to other people and events that are relatively inflexible and that impair a person's ability to function socially”.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
WEEK 5-Module 7.pptx persona developmentssuser3412ca
This document discusses mental health and well-being in adolescence. It outlines common mental disorders like eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. It also discusses threats to psychological well-being such as family, socioeconomic factors, and school bullying. The document provides strategies for preventing mental health problems including enhancing self-esteem, resilience, self-regulation, and social skills.
Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from a person's culture. They typically cause significant distress or impairment and can be traced back to late adolescence or early adulthood. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes personality disorders into three clusters based on symptomology: Cluster A includes odd/eccentric disorders like paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal; Cluster B includes dramatic/erratic disorders like antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic; and Cluster C includes anxious/fearful disorders like avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive. Each disorder is
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
This document discusses antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. It provides information on the diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR. Key symptoms include a lack of empathy, disregard for laws and social norms, manipulation, aggression, and failure to maintain relationships or meet work obligations. The disorder is characterized by enduring antisocial behavior that begins in childhood or adolescence.
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
Personality disorders are long-term patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and moods that impair functioning and cause distress. They are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive traits. There are 10 recognized personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters based on symptoms. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help manage behaviors, gain insight, and modify maladaptive traits. Personality disorders affect around 6% of the population and usually emerge during teenage years or early adulthood. Genetics, childhood trauma, verbal abuse, and brain differences may contribute to their development.
Personality disorders are inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress and impairment. They include odd, dramatic, and anxious clusters. Treatment focuses on setting limits, avoiding judgment, and maintaining calm communication. Understanding personality disorders improves relationships and reduces stress.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including their defining characteristics, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and treatment approaches. Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior that cause distress or impairment. They are divided into three clusters (A, B, and C) based on clinical characteristics. Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders and is defined by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect. Treatment focuses on establishing therapeutic alliances, managing crises, education, and therapies like dialectical behavior therapy that target affect regulation and adaptive coping skills.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
Individuals with borderline personality disorder experience pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. They make frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment and have a pattern of unstable and intense relationships. Treatment involves long-term psychotherapy like dialectical behavior therapy that teaches coping skills for managing emotions and maladaptive behaviors. Medication may also be used to target specific symptoms but is not sufficient on its own. The goal of treatment is to help patients better regulate their emotions and develop healthier ways of relating to themselves and others.
Personality Disoder by Jayesh Patidar.pptxJayesh Patidar
This document provides information on personality disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR. It discusses what personality and personality disorders are, and defines personality as predictable responses and behaviors to one's environment. Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible behaviors that differ from cultural expectations and cause impairment. The document outlines three clusters of personality disorders - A, B, and C - and provides details on paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders, including key signs, symptoms, epidemiology, characteristics, etiology and classification.
This is the Final for Dr. Bachman's Psychopathology Course for Webster University. This has been uploaded to assist with studying for the Counselor's Examination.
Personality Disordet#T h is C h s p te r b e g i n s .docxkarlhennesey
Personality
Disordet#
T h is C h s p te r b e g i n s with a general definition of personaliiy disorder that applies
to each of the 10 specific personality disorders. A personality disorder is an enduring pattern
of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the in
dividual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adult
hood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.
With any ongoing review process, especially one of this complexity, different view
points emerge, and an effort was made to accommodate them. Thus, personality disorders
are included in both Sections II and III. The material in Section II represents an update of
text associated with the same criteria found in DSM-IV-TR, whereas Section III includes
the proposed research model for personality disorder diagnosis and conceptualization de
veloped by the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group. As this field
evolves, it is hoped that both versions will serve clinical practice and research initiatives,
respectively.
The following personality disorders are included in this chapter.
• Paranoid personality disorder is a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that oth
ers' motives are interpreted as malevolent.
• Schizoid personality disorder is a pattern of detachment from social relationships and
a restricted range of emotional expression.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
• Antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights
of others.
• Borderline personality disorder is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relation
ships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
• Histrionic personality disorder is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention
seeking.
• Narcissistic personality disorder is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and
lack of empathy.
• Avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy,
and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
• Dependent personality disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior re
lated to an excessive need to be taken care of.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with order
liness, perfectionism, and control.
• Personality change due to another medical condition is a persistent personality dis
turbance that is judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a medical condi
tion (e.g., frontal lobe lesion).
• Other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder is a cate
gory provided for two situations: 1) the individual's personality pattern meets the gen
eral criteria for a personality disorder, and traits of several different personality
disorders are present, but the criteria for any specific ...
The document discusses personality disorders and provides information on several specific types. It defines personality disorders as rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking, functioning and behaving that cause problems in relationships, work and social activities. It notes that personality disorders usually emerge in teenage years or early adulthood. The document then provides in-depth descriptions and potential causes of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial and borderline personality disorders. It concludes with an overview of common treatment approaches for personality disorders, including psychotherapy, social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy and in some cases medication.
This document provides information on several personality disorders including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders. It discusses the key features and symptoms of each disorder. For avoidant personality disorder, it notes features like social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism. For dependent personality disorder, it highlights an excessive need for care and fear of separation. And for obsessive compulsive personality disorder, it mentions preoccupation with details and perfectionism. The document also reviews potential causes like genetics and childhood experiences, as well as treatment options like therapy and medication.
abnormal psychology personality and gender disorderSaalini Vellivel
This document discusses personality disorders and gender identity disorders. It defines personality as patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. Personality disorders are inflexible and cause distress or impairment. They are grouped into odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/fearful clusters. Gender identity disorders include gender identity disorder, paraphilias (deviant sexual attractions), and sexual dysfunctions. Treatment involves psychotherapy, medication, and sex therapy.
This document provides an overview of evaluating and treating patients with personality disorders in primary care. It discusses keys to diagnosis and differential diagnosis, initial management options, and the importance of referral, consultation and care coordination. Diagnostic criteria for several specific personality disorders are reviewed, including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Treatment considerations and the generally enduring nature of personality disorders are also covered.
Lesson about abnormal psychology which help to understand who are suffering from psychological problems and guide us to understand other peoples behavior, attitude. some of the type of abnormal behavior are the DID, somatoform, hypochondriasis and understanding psychosomatic behavior.
Personality disorder and mental retardation.Kapil Dhital
This document discusses various personality disorders and mental retardation. It describes 10 personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It also discusses the essential features, course, prognosis and treatment of each disorder. Mental retardation is defined as innate intellectual deficiency of varying severity based on IQ. Potential causes include genetic, medical and environmental factors.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
WEEK 5-Module 7.pptx persona developmentssuser3412ca
This document discusses mental health and well-being in adolescence. It outlines common mental disorders like eating disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. It also discusses threats to psychological well-being such as family, socioeconomic factors, and school bullying. The document provides strategies for preventing mental health problems including enhancing self-esteem, resilience, self-regulation, and social skills.
Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from a person's culture. They typically cause significant distress or impairment and can be traced back to late adolescence or early adulthood. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes personality disorders into three clusters based on symptomology: Cluster A includes odd/eccentric disorders like paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal; Cluster B includes dramatic/erratic disorders like antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic; and Cluster C includes anxious/fearful disorders like avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive. Each disorder is
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
This document discusses antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy. It provides information on the diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR. Key symptoms include a lack of empathy, disregard for laws and social norms, manipulation, aggression, and failure to maintain relationships or meet work obligations. The disorder is characterized by enduring antisocial behavior that begins in childhood or adolescence.
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
The document discusses antisocial personality disorder, including potential causes, development, symptoms, and differential diagnosis from other disorders. Childhood abuse and neglect can damage a child's ability to regulate emotions and behaviors, potentially leading to antisocial personality disorder. Secure attachment to caregivers is important for learning self-control, but abusive or neglectful caregiving prevents this, leaving children without the skills to regulate themselves.
Personality disorders are long-term patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and moods that impair functioning and cause distress. They are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive traits. There are 10 recognized personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters based on symptoms. Treatment involves psychotherapy to help manage behaviors, gain insight, and modify maladaptive traits. Personality disorders affect around 6% of the population and usually emerge during teenage years or early adulthood. Genetics, childhood trauma, verbal abuse, and brain differences may contribute to their development.
Personality disorders are inflexible patterns of behavior that cause distress and impairment. They include odd, dramatic, and anxious clusters. Treatment focuses on setting limits, avoiding judgment, and maintaining calm communication. Understanding personality disorders improves relationships and reduces stress.
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including their defining characteristics, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, and treatment approaches. Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior that cause distress or impairment. They are divided into three clusters (A, B, and C) based on clinical characteristics. Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common personality disorders and is defined by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect. Treatment focuses on establishing therapeutic alliances, managing crises, education, and therapies like dialectical behavior therapy that target affect regulation and adaptive coping skills.
Lecture 18:Abnormality Dr. Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document provides an overview of abnormal psychology. It defines abnormality and discusses how abnormal behavior has been viewed throughout history from ancient to modern times. Key topics covered include the classification of mental disorders in the DSM and ICD manuals, specific disorders like mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia, and perspectives on the causes of mental illness like biological, psychological, and social factors. Defenses mechanisms, treatment approaches in ancient times, and what defines normal behavior are also addressed.
Individuals with borderline personality disorder experience pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions. They make frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment and have a pattern of unstable and intense relationships. Treatment involves long-term psychotherapy like dialectical behavior therapy that teaches coping skills for managing emotions and maladaptive behaviors. Medication may also be used to target specific symptoms but is not sufficient on its own. The goal of treatment is to help patients better regulate their emotions and develop healthier ways of relating to themselves and others.
Personality Disoder by Jayesh Patidar.pptxJayesh Patidar
This document provides information on personality disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR. It discusses what personality and personality disorders are, and defines personality as predictable responses and behaviors to one's environment. Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible behaviors that differ from cultural expectations and cause impairment. The document outlines three clusters of personality disorders - A, B, and C - and provides details on paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders, including key signs, symptoms, epidemiology, characteristics, etiology and classification.
This is the Final for Dr. Bachman's Psychopathology Course for Webster University. This has been uploaded to assist with studying for the Counselor's Examination.
Personality Disordet#T h is C h s p te r b e g i n s .docxkarlhennesey
Personality
Disordet#
T h is C h s p te r b e g i n s with a general definition of personaliiy disorder that applies
to each of the 10 specific personality disorders. A personality disorder is an enduring pattern
of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the in
dividual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adult
hood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.
With any ongoing review process, especially one of this complexity, different view
points emerge, and an effort was made to accommodate them. Thus, personality disorders
are included in both Sections II and III. The material in Section II represents an update of
text associated with the same criteria found in DSM-IV-TR, whereas Section III includes
the proposed research model for personality disorder diagnosis and conceptualization de
veloped by the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group. As this field
evolves, it is hoped that both versions will serve clinical practice and research initiatives,
respectively.
The following personality disorders are included in this chapter.
• Paranoid personality disorder is a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that oth
ers' motives are interpreted as malevolent.
• Schizoid personality disorder is a pattern of detachment from social relationships and
a restricted range of emotional expression.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships,
cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior.
• Antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights
of others.
• Borderline personality disorder is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relation
ships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity.
• Histrionic personality disorder is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention
seeking.
• Narcissistic personality disorder is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and
lack of empathy.
• Avoidant personality disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy,
and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.
• Dependent personality disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behavior re
lated to an excessive need to be taken care of.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is a pattern of preoccupation with order
liness, perfectionism, and control.
• Personality change due to another medical condition is a persistent personality dis
turbance that is judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a medical condi
tion (e.g., frontal lobe lesion).
• Other specified personality disorder and unspecified personality disorder is a cate
gory provided for two situations: 1) the individual's personality pattern meets the gen
eral criteria for a personality disorder, and traits of several different personality
disorders are present, but the criteria for any specific ...
The document discusses personality disorders and provides information on several specific types. It defines personality disorders as rigid and unhealthy patterns of thinking, functioning and behaving that cause problems in relationships, work and social activities. It notes that personality disorders usually emerge in teenage years or early adulthood. The document then provides in-depth descriptions and potential causes of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial and borderline personality disorders. It concludes with an overview of common treatment approaches for personality disorders, including psychotherapy, social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy and in some cases medication.
This document provides information on several personality disorders including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders. It discusses the key features and symptoms of each disorder. For avoidant personality disorder, it notes features like social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism. For dependent personality disorder, it highlights an excessive need for care and fear of separation. And for obsessive compulsive personality disorder, it mentions preoccupation with details and perfectionism. The document also reviews potential causes like genetics and childhood experiences, as well as treatment options like therapy and medication.
abnormal psychology personality and gender disorderSaalini Vellivel
This document discusses personality disorders and gender identity disorders. It defines personality as patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. Personality disorders are inflexible and cause distress or impairment. They are grouped into odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic, and anxious/fearful clusters. Gender identity disorders include gender identity disorder, paraphilias (deviant sexual attractions), and sexual dysfunctions. Treatment involves psychotherapy, medication, and sex therapy.
This document provides an overview of evaluating and treating patients with personality disorders in primary care. It discusses keys to diagnosis and differential diagnosis, initial management options, and the importance of referral, consultation and care coordination. Diagnostic criteria for several specific personality disorders are reviewed, including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Treatment considerations and the generally enduring nature of personality disorders are also covered.
Lesson about abnormal psychology which help to understand who are suffering from psychological problems and guide us to understand other peoples behavior, attitude. some of the type of abnormal behavior are the DID, somatoform, hypochondriasis and understanding psychosomatic behavior.
Personality disorder and mental retardation.Kapil Dhital
This document discusses various personality disorders and mental retardation. It describes 10 personality disorders grouped into 3 clusters (A, B, C). Cluster A includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal disorders. Cluster B includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C includes avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It also discusses the essential features, course, prognosis and treatment of each disorder. Mental retardation is defined as innate intellectual deficiency of varying severity based on IQ. Potential causes include genetic, medical and environmental factors.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
3. Individuals with a personality disorder show
an enduring pattern of inner experience.
These patterns are inflexible and pervasive
across a wide rang of social and personal
situations and lead to clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational
and other important areas of functioning.
Overview
4. To understand the concept of personality disorder, one
first has to understand what is meant by personality. this usually
refers to the individual characteristics, behaviours
and emotional qualities of a person, which the person
knows to be themselves. That people differ from each other is
obvious.
How and why they differ is less clear and is the subject of the
scientific study of personality and individual differences.
Personality
6. 1. Definition and aetiology
Learning objectives
You should:
be familiar with the main criteria for
personality disorder
be familiar with different ways of construing
personality.
be aware of the importance of genetic,fami-
lial and environmental factors in relation
to personality.
7. All studies reported improvement in personality
disorders with psychotherapy. Among the three
randomized controlled trials, active psychotherapy
was more effective than no treatment.
8. : an enduring pattern of inner
experience and behaviour that deviates
markedly from the expectations of the
individual's culture, is pervasive and
inflexible, has an onset in adolescence
or early adulthood, is stable over time,
and leads to distress or impairment.
The formal definition of a personality disorder is
9. evidence of a problem must be present from an early age, as
the adult personality is beginning to form
the behaviour is persistent and resistant to change
behavioural problems are evident in a variety of different
areas of social functioning, e.g. disruptive(分裂) interpersonal
relationships, poor work record, antisocial behaviour, etc.
the behaviour results in damage or distress
to the individual concerned or others.
Key aspects of the definition are
That:
10. Categorical types
Categorical types are used to understand personality in
psychiatric classification systems.
Individuals are grouped together according to particular
characteristics; for example, someone with a schizoid personality
would have the following characteristics:
difficulty in making close social relationships,
a preference for spending time alone,
a cold and distant manner
a tendency to spend a lot of time day dreaming or thinking about
abstract concepts rather than engaging in the real world.
Different ways of understanding personality
11. The different types of personality disorder
are described later, but all are based upon
extreme forms of what are essentially normal
personality variations.
12. there is some evidence that
particular characteristics of personality have a strong
hereditary component (e.g. anxiety traits). Most of the
evidence comes from twin studies, where monozygotic
twins have a much greater probability of shared
personality characteristics than dizygotic twins. However,
the nature versus nurture argument is very difficult to
untangle, and both are probably important.
Etiology
Genetic factors
13. There is very
little hard evidence to confirm a general
assumption that important components of
personality are developed by learning from
parental guidance or behaviour.
Familial and environmental factors
14. Childhood neglect or abuse, however, strongly
associated with the development of certain forms of
personality disorder as an adult.
Therefore, it is easier to demonstrate the influence
of negative childhood events or experiences on
personality than it is to show the subtle effects of
normal or mundane experiences.
15. Learning objectives
You should:
~ be familiar with the main types of personality
disorder
~ know which types of personality disorder are
associated with certain forms of psychiatric illness.
2. Types of personality disorder
16. The main types of personality
disorder, with a brief description, are
shown in Table 1.
Fuller descriptions of the more common types of
disorder are given later in this section.
17. Type of personality
disorder
Paranoid
Schizotypal
Antisocial
Borderline
Brief description of characteristic
patterns of behaviour
Distrust and suspiciousness
Acute discomfort in social relationships,
perceptual distortions bordering on
psychotic experiences, eccentric(古怪)
behaviour
Disregard and violation of others
instability in relationships,impulsivity and
Iow self-esteem
Table 1 Personality disorders
19. Each category is based around a
normal personality trait, which in
the disorder is manifest in an
extreme and pathological manner.
20. Most personality traits convey some kind of
positive advantage provided they are tempered by
recognition of the needs of others and by some kind
of balance within the personality itself.
For example,
moderate obsessional traits may be
advantageous for individuals who have responsible
jobs and have to carry out precise and meticulous
work.
Histrionic traits may be an advantage for
individuals who wish to pursue an artistic career,
and even
antisocial traits may be useful for those in highly
competitive industries where a certain degree of
ruthlessness may be required.
21. Paranoid personality disorder
Characteristics of a paranoid personality disorder include
suspiciousness, marked self-reference, feelings that other people
are hostile or involved in conspiracies against the individual, a
sense of injustice, preoccupation with imagined wrongs, litigious
(好上诉) and aggressive behaviour.
22. Antisocial personality disorder
Individuals with an antisocial personality disorder have a
complete disregard for the thoughts of others. They
are self-centred, selfish and sometimes cruel. They are cold and
affectionless. They rarely form long-term relationships and
usually exploit others with whom they are involved. They are
unable to appreciate the needs or feelings of others or may
even gain pleasure from the humiliation or suffering of others.
They often have a criminal record, which may include violent or
sexual offences. Evidence of antisocial or aberrant behaviour will
be present from an early age. The disorder is more common in
males
23. Drug or alcohol abuse is common, which can result in the
development of short-lived psychotic states or, in the case of
alcohol, long-term brain damage. These individuals may also
receive injuries to their brain because of frequent fighting or
other kinds of reckless activity.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Individuals with an obsessive-compulsive disorder are extremely
ordered, meticulous and pedantic. They find it difficult to express
emotion or show feelings towards others, although inwardly they
may ruminate and worry about social encounters.
24. They are perfectionistic and often find it difficult
to complete tasks because of such high standards.
They are rigid and find it difficult to adapt to change.
They often have conflicts regarding sex, which they
may regard as messy or dirty. They find it difficult to
develop long-term relationships as most others do
not live up to their high standards.
25. Histrionic(dramatic) personality disorder
Individuals are over dramatic in their behaviour.
Minor troubles or events are perceived as major
disasters.
Individuals are over emotional and frequently
moved to tears. They are self-centred and
attention seeking and are rarely happy unless
surrounded by admirers. They profess to be
deeply moved but appear to be shallow and
immature in relationships.
26. Dependent personality disorder People with a
dependent personality disorder are overly dependent
upon others.
They find it impossible to live on an independent
basis and collapse emotionally whenever they have to
fend for themselves.
They often develop stable but imbalanced
relationships with a very dominant partner, either a
spouse or parent.
27. 3 Assessment and management
You should:
be aware of different methods of assessing personality
be able to assess personality from a clinical perspective
be aware of the specific treatment approaches that have
been evaluated in the treatment of personality disorder
know the principles underlying clinical management.
28. Assessment
The diagnosis of personality disorder is difficult
and often clinicians may disagree about the
nature and severity of the disorder.
29. Various instruments have been developed
to assess personality; some measure
specific traits of personality in a
dimensional form and others take a
categorical approach.
30. clinical assessment
From a clinical perspective, the following
areas of clinical history should be paid
particular attention.
1. Birth history: any evidence of birth
trauma that may have lead to brain injury
2. Childhood brain illness, or head injury
3. Behavioural difficulties at school
(expulsion, referred to educational
psychologist)
31. 4. Evidence of failure to form long-
term friendships(describes self as
loner at school, was bullied or was a
school bully)
5. Cruelty to animals or other children
(torture of small animals or younger
siblings)
6. History of childhood physical or
sexual abuse
7. Childhood neglect (foster care or
parent alcoholic)
32. 8. Criminal record (e.g. history of
petty offences from an early age or
serious offences such as arson or
assault)
9. Evidence of an inability to
sustain employment(e.g. never worked or
no long-term work; history of conflict
with employers)
10. Disruptive and unsettled
interpersonal/sexual
relationships.
33. There is little consensus within psychiatry regarding the
treat ability of personality disorder, particularly patients
with antisocial personality disorder.
Brief treatments are unsuitable and most therapeutic
interventions involve treatments of greater than 6
months in duration.
Cognitive analytic therapy, dialectical behaviour
therapy and psychodynamic interpersonal therapy have
been shown to be helpful in patients with borderline
personality disorder.
34. Intensive inpatient treatment programmes
lasting months to years have been tried in
patients with anti-social personality
disorder. These therapeutic regimens have
usually been implemented in prison
settings for individuals who have
committed serious sexual or violent
crimes. There is some evidence that very
intensive
35. treatment may be helpful for certain individuals, but all
these treatments require further evaluation before any
firm conclusions can be drawn.
36. There is some evidence that different
kinds of personality may respond
differently to treatment. With cognitive
therapy, patients with obsessional or
anxious personality types do better
than those with borderline personality.
Patients with schizotypal personality
disorder and antisocial personality
disorder are more difficult to treat with
psychotherapeutic methods.
37. Jean is a 44-year-olds woman. She has a history of sexual
abuse and spent several years in care as a child. She was
returned home by social services to live with her mother
when she was 15 years old. Her mother showed little
interest in her and was threatened and bullied by her
stepfather. She ran away from home and spent 2 years living
rough on the streets.She survived by working as a street
prostitute. She has had little schooling and is unable to read
and write. She became pregnant at the age of 17 and was
housed in a small flat by social services. After her son was
born, she suffered from postnatal depression(产后) and
received a brief period of inpatient psychiatric care. During
this period, she began to cut herself.
38. By the time she was 21 years old she had
three children, all by different fathers. She
had begun to abuse alcohol and social
services had placed one of three children
on the at-risk register. She had never
formed any close relationships or
friendships in her and finds it difficult to
trust others. She began frequently to
present at the local A〥E department with
39. Cutting to her arms and chest. She said that
cutting helped to relieve tension but also said
wanted to die. On assessment, she did not
have any biological symptoms of depression
although she complained of feeling
depressed and tired most of the time.