2. Ancient views of abnormal behavior
• Possession by spirits, demons, or gods
• Ancient treatments:
• Trepination (Stone Age)
• Surgery and prayers (ancient Egypt)
• Variations on exorcisms
3. Ancient Greece and Rome
• Hippocrates (460-377
B.C.E.)
• Mental disorders have physical
causes
• “humors”-four types of body
fluids
• Basic classifications of mental
disorders
• Galen (130-200 C.E.)
• Refined physical causes of
mental disorders
4. Ancient China
• Chung Ching (200 C.E.)
• Built on traditional Chinese concepts of physical
balance
• Physical and mental health interrelated
5. Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.)
• Middle East
• Scientific approach maintained
• Mental hospitals established
• Europe
• Focus returns to supernatural
causes
• Exorcisms and witch hunts
• China
• Shift to supernatural causes
6. Humanitarian Approaches: Europe
• Europe (approx 1500-1800)
• Return to scientific view
• Early asylums- terrible conditions
• Prisons
• Pinel (1792)
• Improved conditions in Paris hospital
7. Humanitarian Approaches: America
• Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)
• Mental Hygiene movement
• Humane hospitals
• Clifford Beers (1876-1943)
• Publicized problems with
hospitals