This chapter discusses various interactive technologies used for input and output in human-computer interaction. It covers traditional input devices like keyboards and pointing devices, as well as emerging technologies like voice recognition, haptic devices, and wireless and wearable technologies. Output devices discussed include visual displays, printers, synthesized speech, and non-speech auditory outputs. The chapter aims to help understand how these technologies support human perception and sensation in interactive systems.

1. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 3 – Interactive
Technologies
HCI: Developing Effective Organizational
Information Systems
Dov Te’eni
Jane Carey
Ping Zhang

2. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Road Map
6
Affective
Engineering
9
Organizational
Tasks
4
Physical
Engineering
7
Evaluation
8
Principles &
Guidelines
11
Methodology
12
Relationship, Collaboration
& Organization
10
Componential
Design
3
Interactive
Technologies
5
Cognitive
Engineering
Context Foundation Application
Additional Context
1
Introduction
2
Org &
Business
Context
13
Social &
Global Issues
14
Changing Needs of IT
Development & Use

3. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives
 Understand and discuss human perception
and interactive technologies that support the
various sensory perceptors including:
 Vision
 Audition
 Touch
 Understand and discuss interactive input
technologies including:
 Keyboards
 Pointing devices

4. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Understand voice recognition interactive input
devices.
 Understand touch-related haptic interactive input
devices.
 Understand and discuss visual display interactive
output technologies.
 Understand and discuss voice synthesis.
 Understand the human–computer interaction (HCI)
implications of all these technologies.
 Understand the HCI implications of wireless,
wearable, and other emerging technologies.
Learning Objectives

5. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction
 This chapter explores interactive technologies.
 We have confined this chapter to the exploration of
only those technologies that interact with the user
and thus support human-computer interaction.
 This chapter is organized around input devices and
output devices.
 We also introduce new technologies such as the
wireless PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
 We also discuss the physical constraints imposed by
these new technologies to fit the design.

6. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sensory Perception and Interactive
Input Devices
 Input Device is any machine that feeds
data into a computer.
 Vision: Keyboards
 Keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys
that enable the user to enter data into the
computer.

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Vision: Keyboards
Figure 3.1 Traditional Keyboard Figure 3.2 Split Keyboard

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Vision: Pointing Devices
 Pointing Device controls the movement of the
cursor on a display screen.
 There are six different interaction tasks that can
be performed by pointing or manipulation
devices:
 Select (point and click),
 Position (drag and click),
 Orient (rotate),
 Path (combination of orient and position
movements),
 Quantify (point and click), and
 Text (the pointing device merely initiates the
position where the text is to begin and then
gives control to the keyboard).

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 Types of Pointing Devices
 mice (Figure 3.3)
 graphic tablets
 track balls
 Joysticks
 pen-based input
 touch screens (Figure 3.4)
 light pens
 voice
Vision: Pointing Devices

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Vision: Pointing Devices
Figure 3.3 Mouse Figure 3.4 Touch Screen Figure 3.5 Graphics Tablet

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Audition: Voice Recognition
 Voice Recognition is the ability of the
computer to recognize human speech.
 The four major types of conversational
tasks:
 Composition tasks
 Transcription tasks
 Transaction task
 Collaboration tasks

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Touch- Haptic Devices
 Haptic devices generate sensation to the
skin and muscles through touch, weight,
and rigidity.

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Output Devices
 Output Device is a machine capable of
representing data from a computer.
 Visual Display is an output device that is
capable of rendering data from a computer.
Data may take the form of graphic, tabular,
text or other.

14. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Output Devices
 Synthesized speech is appropriate when:
 The required message is short and simple,
 The message needs an immediate response,
 The user/receiver is visually occupied,
 The environment is too brightly or poorly lit for
ordinary visual displays to be used,
 The user is moving around too much to visually
attend to a single screen, or
 No screen exists but an audio receiver does (e.g.,
telephone).

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Output Devices
 Printers
 Ink-jet
 Laser
 Color printers

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Output Devices – Non-speech auditory
 In some environments and for some tasks,
non-speech auditory outputs such as beeps
are very useful.
 An auditory non-speech output is any sound
that is generated by the computer or other
device that can be detected by the human ear
but is not speech-related.

17. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wearable Devices
 There is a great deal of interest in the design and
implementation of wearable computer devices that
are small, durable, and useful particularly in a military
setting.
 Vision enhancement, translation (text-to-speech,
speech-to-text, and language-to-language), pen-
based input, navigation, environmental scanning, and
detection are among the many tasks performed by
wearable devices.
 Small GPS (global positioning systems) are often a
critical component of these devices.

18. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wireless Devices
 Wireless devices: Devices connected to
networks and other devices through non-wire
media such as infrared signals.
 We have many improved tools to support our
everyday life. Mobile or wireless devices are
allowing people to compute on the run.
 Personal digital assistants (PDA), text-based
cell phones, palm tops, and other small,
portable devices are abundant.

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Virtual Devices
 Virtual devices are those that support virtual
reality interaction.
 Virtual reality is an artificial environment that
simulates reality.
 There are many interaction devices for the
world of virtual reality. A combination of exotic
headgear, gloves, and body suits orient the
user to the virtual world.

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Virtual Devices
Figure 3.8 Virtual reality glove

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Summary
 This chapter presents various technologies
that interact with the user.
 Input devices
 Keyboards
 Mice
 Joysticks
 Track balls
 Voice input
 Haptic devices

22. Copyright 2006 - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Summary
 Output Devices
 Monitors
 Printers
 Auditory output
 Voice synthesis
 Also discussed are wearable, wireless, and
virtual devices.