This document is a slide presentation from a chapter in a general chemistry textbook. The chapter covers fundamental topics in chemistry including the properties and states of matter, measurement systems, and dimensional analysis. It discusses physical and chemical properties, classification of substances and mixtures, separation techniques, units and conversions, temperature scales, density, and uncertainties in measurement.

1. General Chemistry
Principles and Modern Applications
Petrucci • Harwood • Herring
8th Edition
Chapter 1: Matter—Its Properties and
Measurement
Philip Dutton
University of Windsor, Canada
Prentice-Hall © 2002
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

2. Contents
 Physical properties and states of matter
 Système International Units
 Uncertainty and significant figures
 Dimensional analysis
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/chapter1/deluxe.html
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

3. Properties of Matter
ter: Occupies space, has mass and inertia
mposition: Parts or components
ex. H2O, 11.9% H and 88.81% O
perties: Distinguishing features
physical and chemical properties
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

4. States of Matter
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

5. 1_15
Classification of Matter
Matter
(materials)
Physical processes
Substances Mixtures
Chemical Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds mixtures
reactions mixtures
(solutions)
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

6. Separations
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

7. Separating Mixtures
Chromatography
Chromatography
1_17
Substances to
be separated
mixture
dissolved in liquid
Pure
liquid
A B C
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

8. Significant Figures
Count from left from
Adding and subtracting.
first non-zero digit.
Number Significant Use the number of decimal
Figures places in the number with the
6.29 g 3 fewest decimal places.
0.00348 g 3
1.14
9.0 2 0.6
1.0 × 10-8 2 11.676
100 eggs infinit
13.416  13.4
100 g e ad
b
π = 3.14159 notation
various
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

9. Significant figures
Multiplying and dividing. Rounding Off
Use the fewest significant 3rd digit is increased if
figures. 4th digit ≥ 5
Report to 3 significant.figures.
0.01208 ÷ 0.236
10.235  10.2
= 0.512 12.4590  12.5
19.75  19.8
= 5.12 × 10-3 15.651  15.7
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

10. Units
S.I. Units Other Common Units
Length metre, m Length Angstrom, Å, 10-8 cm
Mass Kilogram, kg Volume Litre, L, 10-3 m3
Time second, s Energy Calorie, cal, 4.184 J
Temperature Kelvin, K Pressure
Quantity Mole, 6.022×1023 mol-1 1 Atm = 1.064 x 102 kPa
1 Atm = 760 mm Hg
Derived Quantities
Force Newton, kg m s-2
Pressure Pascal, kg m-1 s-2
Eenergy Joule, kg m2 s-2
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

12. Temperature
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

13. Relative Temperatures
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

14. Volume
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

15. Density
δ= m/V
m=Vδ V=m/δ
g/mL
Mass and volume are extensive properties
Density is an intensive property
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

16. Conversion
What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1.25
inches on each side?
Have volume, need density = 22.48g/cm3
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

17. Wrong units
The Gimli Glider, Q86, p30
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

18. Uncertainties
• Systematic errors.
– Thermometer constantly 2°C too low.
• Random errors
– Limitation in reading a scale.
• Precision
– Reproducibility of a measurement.
• Accuracy
– How close to the real value.
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1

19. End of Chapter Questions
1, 3, 5, 12, 14, 17,
18, 20, 30, 41, 49,
50, 61, 72, 74, 79
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General Chemistry: Chapter 1