This document provides an overview of the different types of joints in the body. It begins by describing the three main categories of joints: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. For each category, it outlines their key characteristics and examples. The majority of the document then focuses on synovial joints, describing their features such as the articular surfaces, cavity, synovial membrane, capsule, ligaments and intra-articular structures. It classifies synovial joints based on the number of bones involved, axes of movement, and shape of the articulating surfaces. Specific synovial joint types like hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, ball-and-socket and saddle joints

1. ‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

3. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.

4. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.

5. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.

6. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(1)-Fibrous
joints
(2)-Cartilagenous
joints
(3)-Synovial
joints
1-Suture
2-Syndesmosis.
3-Gomphosis.
1-Primary.
2-Secondry (symphysis).
Several
classifications
*For each joint:-
1.Characters.
2.Types.
‫مـتـحـرك‬ ‫غـيـر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بـت‬ ‫ثـا‬ ‫مـفـصـل‬ ‫قـى‬ ‫ارتقا‬ ‫مـفـصـل‬
(
‫الـحـركـة‬ ‫قـلـيـل‬
) ‫مـتـحـرك‬ ‫مـفـصــل‬
JOINTS

7. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(1)-Fibrous joints
characters:-
1-Articulating bones are joined by fibrous tissue.
2-No OR Very limited movements.

8. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(1)-Fibrous joints
Types
1-Sutures 2-Syndesmosis 3-Gomphosis

11. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
characters:-
1- Articulating bones are joined by intervening cartilage.
2-Slightly mobile.
(2)-Cartilagenous joints

12. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
Types
1-Primary 2-Secondary [symphysis]
(2)-Cartilagenous joints
1-Hyaline cartilage
2-Quite immobile.
3-Very strong.
1-Fibrocartilage
2-Limited movement.
3-Is stronged by ligaments.

13. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
characters:-
1-mobility:- These are freely mobile joint.
2-covering of articulating surfaces
3-Cavity
4-Content of cavity
5-Lining of cavity
6-Capsule
7-Ligaments
8-Intra-articular structures
(3)-Synovial
joints

14. characters:-
2-covering of articulating surfaces
By thin layer of hyaline cartilage.
1]=Adapt compression.
2]=Pain in-sensitive [no nerves]
3]=Smooth & lubricant.
4]=Resistent to Destruction
5]=Free blood vessels[no blood vessels.]
6]=Its Nutrition from the following sources:-
1)-From synovial fluid.
2)-From synovial membrane.
3)-From underlying bone.
(3)-Synovial joints

15. characters:-
3-Cavity:- Joint cavity is enclosed by capsule.
4-Content of cavity Synovial fluid
 function of Synovial fluid.
1]=Lubrication of articular cartilage.
2]=Allows free mobility.
3]=Helps nutrition .
5-Lining of cavity Synovial membrane
1]=lines the capsule.
2]=Covers the non articular parts of bones.
Function of synovial membrane:-
1]=Production of synovial fuid.
2]=Re-absorption of old synovial fuid.
3]=Removal of foreign bodies from cavity.
(3)-Synovial joints

17. characters:-
6-Fibrous Capsule:-
=surrounds the cavity completely
=attached to bones away from articular capsule.
=lined by synovial membrane.
=perforated by the articular vessels & nerves.
Function of the capsule:- support the joint.
(3)-Synovial joints

18. characters:-
7-Ligaments:-
1-capsular ligaments:-
localized thickened of capsule.
2-accessory ligaments:-
=It lies outside the capsule.
=It is independent from of the capsule.
(3)-Synovial joints

19. characters:-
8-Intra-articular structures:-
1-cartilage may be in form of:-
=Disc :- as in sterno-clavicular joint.
=Meniscus:- as in knee joint.
=Labrum :- as in shoulder & hip joints.
2-tendon [2 examples]:-
=Tendon of long head of biceps :- in shoulder joint.
=Tendon of popliteus :- in knee joint.
3-ligaments:- Cruciate ligament of knee joint
(3)-Synovial joints

23. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
Types
¤ 1= According to NUMBER of articulating bones
¤ 2= According to NUMBER of axes of movement
¤ 3= According to SHAPE of articulating surfaces
(3)-Synovial joints

24. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
Types:- According to NUMBER of articulating bones
(3)-Synovial joints
1-Simple joint 2-Compound joint :
- 3-Complex joint:

25. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
Types:-According to NUMBER of axes of movement
(3)-Synovial joints
1-Uni-axial joint 2-Bi-axial joint 3-Poly-axial joint
=single axis.
[e.g. flexion & extension]
=Subdivided into:-
-hinge joint.
- pivot joint.
=two axes
=perpendicular.
=Subdivided into:-
-ellipsoid joint.
- bi-condylar joint
-plane joint
=many axes.
=Subdivided into:-
-ball & socket j.
-saddle joint.

26. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
Types:-According to SHAPE of articulating surfaces
(3)-Synovial joints
1-Plane (gliding) joint.
2-Hing joint.
3-Pivot joint.
4-Ellipsoidal joint.
5-Bicondylar joint.
6-Ball & socket joint.
7-Saddle joint.

27. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(3)-Synovial joints
Pivot joint
- Vertical axis
- rotation
Hing joint
- Transverse axis
- F &E
Hinge joints Pivot joints
The axis of
movements:
Occur around a
transverse axis.
Occur around a vertical or longitudinal
axis.
Movements:
Flexion and extension are
permitted.
Rotation movements are permitted.
Example:
Humero-ulnar joint and
interphalangeal joints.
Superior radio-ulnar joint in which a
pivot turns within a ring and the
articulation between the atlas and axis
in which a ring rotates around a pivot

28. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(3)-Synovial joints
Ellipsoid joint
-convex&conave
2 axis(F&E- Ab&Ad)
Plane joint
Flat – gliding
in any direction

29. Anatomical position.
Anatomical planes.
Anatomical terms. [terminology]
Bone.
(3)-Synovial joints
Ball & socket joint Saddle joint
Plane joint
A saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down,
but does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint.

30. factor maintaining stability of joint
1- Bone
2-Muscles
3- Ligaments