The document provides information on several important documents in British and American history related to the development of limited and representative government. It discusses the Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, the English Bill of Rights, and the influence of these documents on the 13 American colonies. It then summarizes key events that led to the American Revolution, including the Stamp Act, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and the First and Second Continental Congresses. The document concludes by discussing the Articles of Confederation and its weaknesses, highlighting the need for a new governing document like the US Constitution.
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
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The ConstitutionChapter 3CHAPTER 3 THE CONSTITUTION.docxmehek4
The Constitution
Chapter 3
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
In this chapter you will:
Discover the roots of the Constitution in colonial and revolutionary America.
See why Americans declared independence from England and learn about their first constitution, the Articles of Confederation.
Follow the arguments that shaped the Constitution and get an overview of the final document.
Read about the great national debate over whether to adopt it.
Learn how Americans have changed the Constitution—and how the Constitution has changed America.
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
Colonial Roots of the Constitution
Colonies three thousand miles away from the king and his army, able to ignore orders:
Salutary neglect
Colonies developed political institutions
Every colony had its own legislature.
Plentiful land created opportunities.
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
More Colonial Roots
Some colonies began with mutual agreements between the settlers
Compacts or covenants
New World was somewhere to practice religion in peace
Different religions flourished
Border areas were violent and insecure
Native American wars
French (North and West)
Spanish (South and West)
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
War Brings Changes
French and Indian War
British army defeated French in 1763
Two changes:
Ten thousand English troops remained in the colonies
England could enforce its policies
Days of neglect over
England ran up debt during war
Colonists required to pay debt
Americans’ reaction explosive
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
Colonial Complaint
Representation
Americans used to making their own decisions
When England violated the American idea of self-rule it created an unusual revolution
Americans fought to preserve rights that they had been exercising while neglected
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
Colonial Complaint
Mercantilism
British began enforcing trade policies.
American ships had to bypass traditional partners:
Do business only with English colonies
Higher prices, lower profits
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
The Declaration of Independence
Second Continental Congress wrote and Congress adopted
Two Parts
Statement of Principles
List of Grievances
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
Declaration of Independence
Principles
All people are equal
Endowed with rights that cannot be taken away
Include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
Governments formed to protect rights
Governments derive power from the consent of the governed
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
Declaration of Independence
Grievances
Violations of the right of representation
Maintenance of a standing army not under civilian control
Loss of an independent court
CHAPTER 3: THE CONSTITUTION
10
Articles of Confederation
An Alliance of Independent States
State governments
Reflect popular desires
Annual elections
Extended right to vote
Public legislative deliberations
National government
Continental Congress approved Articles
Weak and dependent on states
No executive or central authority
No central pow ...
This presentation was developed as an introduction to the Boy Scout merit badge, Citizenship in the Nation. It can also be used as an overview for an American Government class.
2. Magna Carta
- Great Charter
-Signed in 1215
-By King John of England
-Establishes the “rule of law”
The Magna Carta helped to limit
the power of the monarch. It
gave nobles protections such as:
-No taxation without
representation
-Trial by Jury
3. The Petition of Right - 1628
1. Monarch needs consent from
Parliament to collect taxes
2. Need just cause to imprison
people
3. No Quarter (cannot house troops
in private homes)
4. The English Bill of Rights
1. Monarchs do not have divine
right
2. Monarch cannot interfere w/
Parliament elections
3. Petition the gov’t
4. No cruel or unusual punishment
6. Content Vocabulary
• Limited Government- the power of the
monarch or government is limited by the
people.
• Representative Government- a gov’t in
which the people elect delegates to make
laws and policies.
• Separation of Powers- the power to make,
execute, and interpret laws is divided b/w
the legislature, king, and courts.
11. Stamp Act
1765
• Stamp Act laced a tax on legal documents
• Angered the Colonists
• Stamp Act Congress formed – meeting of
the colonist to discuss retaliation
14. Tea ActTea Act (1773)(1773)
8 British East India Co.:British East India Co.:
Monopoly on Br. teaMonopoly on Br. tea
imports.imports.
Many members ofMany members of
Parl. held shares.Parl. held shares.
Permitted the Co. toPermitted the Co. to
sell tea directly tosell tea directly to
cols. without col.cols. without col.
middlemenmiddlemen
(cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!)
8 North expected theNorth expected the
cols. to eagerly choosecols. to eagerly choose
the cheaper tea.the cheaper tea.
16. The Coercive orThe Coercive or
IntolerableIntolerable
ActsActs (1774)(1774)
Lord NorthLord North
1.1. Port BillPort Bill
2.2. Government ActGovernment Act
4.4. Administration ofAdministration of
Justice ActJustice Act
3.3. New QuarteringNew Quartering
ActAct
17. First ContinentalFirst Continental
CongressCongress (1774)(1774)55 delegates from 12 colonies55 delegates from 12 colonies
AgendaAgenda How toHow to
respond to therespond to the
Coercive Acts &Coercive Acts &
the Quebec Act?the Quebec Act?
1 vote per colony1 vote per colony
represented.represented.
18. The British AreThe British Are
ComingComing . . .. . .
Paul ReverePaul Revere && William DawesWilliam Dawes make theirmake their
midnight ride to warn themidnight ride to warn the MinutemenMinutemen ofof
approaching British soldiers.approaching British soldiers.
19. The Shot HeardThe Shot Heard
’’Round the WorldRound the World!!
LexingtonLexington && ConcordConcord – April 18,1775– April 18,1775
26. Articles of Confederation
• 1781 – 1789 – First national government
of the US.
• Weak Central government with many
weaknesses
27. Articles vs. Constitution
Articles of
Confederation
Constitution
Levying taxes
Congress could request
states to pay taxes
Congress has right to
levy taxes on individuals
Federal courts
No system of federal
courts
Court system created to
deal with issues between
citizens, states
Regulation of trade
No provision to regulate
interstate trade
Congress has right to
regulate trade between
states
Executive
No executive with power.
President of U.S. merely
presided over Congress
Executive branch headed
by President who
chooses Cabinet and has
checks on power of
judiciary and legislature
Amending document
13/13 needed to amend
Articles
2/3 of both houses of
Congress plus 3/4 of
state legislatures or
national convention
Representation of states
Each state received 1
vote regardless of size
Upper house (Senate)
with 2 votes; lower house
(House of
Representatives) based
on population
Raising an army
Congress could not draft
troops, dependent on
states to contribute forces
Congress can raise an
army to deal with military
situations
Interstate commerce
No control of trade
between states
Interstate commerce
controlled by Congress
Disputes between states
Complicated system of
arbitration
Federal court system to
handle disputes
Sovereignty
Sovereignty resides in
states
Constitution the supreme
law of the land
Passing laws
9/13 needed to approve
legislation
50%+1 of both houses
plus signature of
President
28. Articles of the Confederation
• Critical Period in American history
– Laws were not enforced – No President
– Many disputes between states – No Supreme
Court
– Congress did not have enough $ for
government
– Difficult to get laws passed
– Foreign countries had little respect for US
– Almost impossible to make changes to
government
29. Critical Period
• Rebellion
– Shay’s Rebellion -Daniel Shays organized
farmers throughout New England to protest
The rebellion came to a head on January 25,
1787.
– This rebellion demonstrated the weaknesses
of the Articles of Confederation, and
convinced many states of the need for a
stronger central government.