The document summarizes key aspects of the U.S. Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that led to the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It describes the compromises reached at the convention, such as the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise. It also outlines the five basic principles the Constitution is based on: popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances. It provides an overview of the three-branch structure of government and the three parts of the Constitution: the Preamble, Articles, and Amendments.

1.  
Chapter 3

2.  Captain Kirk – Importance of the Constitution

3.  Constitutional Convention
o Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation
o Compromises
 5 Basic Principles of Constitution
 Structure of the Constitution
o 3 Parts

4.  1787 – Constitutional Convention
 Philadelphia
 “Change” or “Revise” Articles of Confederation

5.  Weakness of Articles
of Confederation
o No power to tax
o States used different
currencies
o No national court
o No power to raise
army/navy
o Interstate commerce
could not be regulated
o No Executive or
President

6.  Different
ideas led to many
compromises….
o The Great Compromise
o Three-fifths (3/5) Compromise

7.  The Great Compromise
o Virginia Plan – James
Madison
• Number of
representatives should be
based on population
• Favored large states
o New Jersey Plan –
William Paterson
• Each state should be
given the same number
of representatives
• Favored small states

8.  Compromise
o Bi-cameral legislature
– 2 Houses
o Lower House or House
of Representatives –
representatives based
on population
o Upper House or Senate
– 2 representatives per
state

9.  Three-fifths Compromise – James WIlson
o Slaveholding states wanted to include slaves
in their population to have more
representatives
o Non slaveholding states thought that this was
unfair

10.  Compromise
o Population based on
total number of free
people plus three-
fifths of the number
of slaves
o Slaves would also
count as three-fifths
when determining
taxes

11.  Founders based the Constitution on 5
basic principles
o Popular Sovereignty
o Limited Government
o Federalism
o Separation of Powers
o Checks and Balances

12.  1.Popular
Sovereignty
o People spell out the
rules by which they
allow governing to
happen
o Consent of the
Governed
o People are in charge

13.  2.Limited
Government
o Government has
specific restrictions
on its power
o Keep government
from becoming too
powerful

14.  3. Federalism
o System of shared power between Federal and State
governments
o States keep certain powers, but give up some power
to the Federal government
o 3 Types of Powers
• Delegated Powers
• Reserved Powers
• Concurrent Powers

15.  Delegated Powers
o Powers given to the
Federal government
o Examples
• Regulate trade
• Raise army
• Declare war and
make treaties
• Print money
• Grant patents and
copyrights

16.  Reserved Powers
o Powers granted to the
State government
o Examples
• Regulate trade within
state
• Establish public
schools
• Pass marriage and
divorce laws
• Set up local
governments

17.  Concurrent Powers
o Powers shared
between the Federal
and State governments
o Examples
• Collect taxes
• Borrow money
• Make and enforce laws
• Establish courts
• Provide public welfare

19.  4.Separation of
Powers
o Distribution of power of
different branches of
government
o 3 Branches
• Legislative
• Executive
• Judicial

20.  Three Ring Circus

21.  United States Government = Orange

22.  Legislative Branch
o Article I
o Congress makes the
laws
o House of
Representatives
• Led by Speaker of the
House
o Senate
• Led by the Majority

23.  Executive Branch
o Article II
o Enforces laws
o Led by the President
o Also includes the
Cabinet and 15
Departments
• Examples
• Department of Defense
• Department of
Homeland Security
• Department of the
Treasury

24.  Judicial Branch
o Article III
o Interprets laws
o Headed by the Supreme
Court
• Chief Justice John
Roberts Jr

25.  United States Government = Orange
Executive
Branch
Legislative Judicial
Branch Branch
United
States
Government

26.  5. Checks and Balances
o Power is balanced between branches of
government so that each branch can check (or limit)
the power of the other branches
o President can check Congress
• Veto – reject proposed laws
o President can check Judicial Brach
• Appoint federal judges

27.  More Checks and Balances
o Congress can check President
• Override the veto
o Congress can check Judicial Branch
• Must approve federal judges
o Judicial Branch
• Judicial Review – Marbury v Madison
• Courts review the acts of other branches of government and
decide if they acted correctly
• Can declare laws unconstitutional

29. 3 Parts to the Constitution
o Preamble
o Articles
o Amendments

30.  1. Preamble
o States 6 goals of the
United States
government
• Form a more perfect
union
• Establish justice
• Insure domestic
tranquility – peace
• Provide for the common
defense
• Promote the general
welfare
• Secure the blessings of
liberty

31.  Barney Fife and the Preamble

32.  2. Articles
o Describes how the government is organized
and works
o 7 Articles

33.  Article I – Legislative Branch
o House of Representatives/Senate
o Elections and meetings
o Rules of procedure
o How laws are made
o Powers granted to Congress
• Taxation
• Regulate commerce
• Declare War
• Raise Army/Navy

34. II –
 Article
Executive Branch
o a. Office of the
President and Vice
President
o b. Powers granted
to the President
• Commander in Chief of
armed forces
• Make treaties
• Appoint ambassadors and
public ministers

35.  c.Duties of the
President
o State of the Union
o Receive ambassadors
o Laws are faithfully executed
 d. Removal from
office

36.  Article III – Judicial
Branch
o Federal Courts
o Powers of Federal Courts
• Extend to all cases
• Laws and Treaties
 Article IV – Relations
Among States
o Rights of Citizens
o State Acts and Records
o New States

37.  Article V – Amending the Constitution
 Article VI – Debts, Federal Supremacy, and Oaths of
Office
 Article VII – Ratification of the Constitution

38.  3. Amendments
o Formal change or addition to the Constitution
o Amendment Process
• Proposing an Amendment – 2 different ways
• Two-thirds of the members of both houses of Congress must
vote to propose amendment
• Two-thirds of the state legislatures must vote to ask Congress
to hold a special convention

39.  Ratifying an Amendment
- 2 different ways states
can ratify
o Three-fourths of the state
legislatures must vote
o Conventions in three-
fourths of the states must
vote
 If the people do not like the
effects of an
amendment, another
amendment can be passed to
repeal, or cancel it.

41.  Friend or Foe!!