This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. It discusses the key components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are classified based on their structure and function. The peripheral nervous system is further divided into afferent and efferent divisions, with the afferent carrying sensory information to the central nervous system and the efferent carrying motor commands out to effectors. The document also examines the roles of receptors, sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons in processing and relaying information throughout the nervous system.
Nervous System is a uniquely designed organ system of our body. This presentation is highlighting over the cellular configuration of this system. Neurons & Neuroglia are the two main players of the system. Neuron is the structural & functional unit of the system, while, Neuroglia are the supporting elements. At the end of this presentation, the young learner would be able to recognize different cell types of the Nervous system & their exclusive function.
NERVE CELLS FINAL( NEURON AND GLIAL CELLS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTSWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTAINS TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS.
A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the
nervous system.
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous
system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the
body.
They constitute the communication network of the nervous system and transfer electrical impulses between the central nervous system and sensory organs such as eye,ear.nose,tongue and skin.
There are Approximately 86-100 billion neurons in the brain.
DENDRITES
Dendrites are the tree-like branched structures that arise from the nerve cell body.
Apart from the main dendrite branches, dendrites may contain additional protrusions
known as dendrite spines.
The axon hillock is a specialized region from which the
axon extends.
The axon is a single elongated tubal structure that extends from the Axon Hillock.
Each neuron has a single axon that extends and branches at its end.
The inner most Plasma membrane around the axon is Axolemma.
Neurilemma is the plasma membrane of schwann cells .
The spaces/gaps between the Schwann cells are known as the nodes of Ranvier and they serve to propagate electrical signals along the axon.
The branched end of the axon is known as the axon terminal[arborization] and
branches at the middle of the axon is axon collaterals .
This is the distal part of the axon that comes in contact with other cells. Also called as terminal boutons.
This part of the axon is largely involved in the release of the neurotransmitter.The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus ,cytoplasm and organelles.
The cell body connects to the dendrites, and send information to the
axon depending on the strength of the signal.
The neuronal cytoplasm have the following
The Nucleus,
Nucleolus,
Endoplasmic Reticulum,
Golgi Apparatus,
Mitochondria,
Ribosomes,
Lysosomes,
Endosomes,
And Peroxisomes. A bipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has two extensions (one axon and one dendrite).
A multipolar neuron is a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites (and dendritic branches), allowing for the integration of a great deal of information from other neurons.
TYPES OF NEURON:
A unipolar neuron is a type of neuron in which only one process called a neurite extends from the cell body. A pseudounipolar neuron is a type of neuron which has one extension from its cell body. This type of neuron contains an axon that has split into two branches; one branch travels to the PNS and the other to the CNS.They are three types of neurons based on the function as follows Sensory Neuron
Inter-Neuron
Motor Neuron
Interneurons are the central nodes of neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the (CNS).
Glial cells (named from the Greek word for "glue") are non- neuronal cells that
provide support and nutrition,
maintain homeostasis,
form myelin,
and participate in signal transmission.