The document discusses different types of family structures and how they have changed over time. It covers nuclear families, single-parent families, blended families, and same-sex couples. It also discusses factors that influence family dynamics like parenting styles, sibling relationships, and the socioeconomic context of the family. Children's development can be impacted by the type of family structure they grow up in as well as the interactions within their family.
Webster's New World Dictionary defines parenting as work or skill of a parent in raising a child or children. The same definition applies to single parenting, except in this case the single parent assumes the role of both father and mother. There are a number of circumstances that lead to single parenting: divorce, separation, abandonment, and death.
Meaning ,definition concept ,family support and coping skillsDeenaGeorge2
Here talking about family . How a family and its members adjust their family environment and their life to accept and protect a persons with disability in the family.
Zhibei Wang04172020Page 5Authoritarian or Authoritati.docxphilipnelson29183
Zhibei Wang
04/17/2020
Page: 5
Authoritarian or Authoritative Parenting Style: Which Is in Best Interest for Children
Tough Love has gone viral on internet. It is a fanfic musical production about the stepmothers of Disney princesses. It is quite a mockery for the self-pitying but in fact cruel upbringing of the young girls. It is fictional and the stepmothers don’t love their stepdaughters necessarily, but we have to reflect on it: when we are parents, what are the best method to be taken so that our children can be responsible and positive grownups. Authoritarian or authoritative? It is a hot topic that never grows old; every parent has their reason to act upon. Experiencing quite a mix of harsh and lenient ways in my childhood, I find authoritative one more favorable. In the following paragraphs, I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both parenting styles.
Positive authoritative are defined as parents to be instructive and highly responsive to the development of child growth (Baumrind, 1966); On the contrary, authoritarian is control over most aspects of children’s lives, to make sure they stay on track (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). There are pros and cons to both sides.
As of authoritarian, the most important outcome is the high academic performances. Authoritarian parents put a lot of effort into student’s schoolwork and extracurricular activities, such as playing piano or violin. They closely follow children’s daily routine, make sure every minute will not go wasted. They want every investment to give harvests. They take their children to all kinds of competitions, and win loads of certificates to quantify how successful and extraordinary the child is. They see children as another form of themselves, impose their dreams on children. Indeed, children who have worked all day, with all kinds of championships and scholarships could end up in ivy league and possibly win a prestigious job when graduated. It seems they have lived a life everyone desires and so it satisfies the parents.
However, it is not the most favorable approach in academia, and there are a lot of downsides to it. First, it restrains the possibility of cultivating comprehensive personalities. Children become obedient to their parents, they cannot communicate well with their peers, their only profound relationship are with their parents throughout their lives, and it is no sign of a fully grown man. I personally have seen too much of a case. People who grow up under the shadow of their parents tend to be indecisive and too dependent on their parents. It is the consequence of psychological control of the authoritarian parenting. Whenever they speak of their mind, they got turned down or shouted back. Then they don’t speak much about themselves with self-centered parents, who think they are doing the best for kids. Under high pressures from parents and with no one can turn to, children are also bearing overwhelming stress and defeated feelings, which c.
Webster's New World Dictionary defines parenting as work or skill of a parent in raising a child or children. The same definition applies to single parenting, except in this case the single parent assumes the role of both father and mother. There are a number of circumstances that lead to single parenting: divorce, separation, abandonment, and death.
Meaning ,definition concept ,family support and coping skillsDeenaGeorge2
Here talking about family . How a family and its members adjust their family environment and their life to accept and protect a persons with disability in the family.
Zhibei Wang04172020Page 5Authoritarian or Authoritati.docxphilipnelson29183
Zhibei Wang
04/17/2020
Page: 5
Authoritarian or Authoritative Parenting Style: Which Is in Best Interest for Children
Tough Love has gone viral on internet. It is a fanfic musical production about the stepmothers of Disney princesses. It is quite a mockery for the self-pitying but in fact cruel upbringing of the young girls. It is fictional and the stepmothers don’t love their stepdaughters necessarily, but we have to reflect on it: when we are parents, what are the best method to be taken so that our children can be responsible and positive grownups. Authoritarian or authoritative? It is a hot topic that never grows old; every parent has their reason to act upon. Experiencing quite a mix of harsh and lenient ways in my childhood, I find authoritative one more favorable. In the following paragraphs, I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both parenting styles.
Positive authoritative are defined as parents to be instructive and highly responsive to the development of child growth (Baumrind, 1966); On the contrary, authoritarian is control over most aspects of children’s lives, to make sure they stay on track (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). There are pros and cons to both sides.
As of authoritarian, the most important outcome is the high academic performances. Authoritarian parents put a lot of effort into student’s schoolwork and extracurricular activities, such as playing piano or violin. They closely follow children’s daily routine, make sure every minute will not go wasted. They want every investment to give harvests. They take their children to all kinds of competitions, and win loads of certificates to quantify how successful and extraordinary the child is. They see children as another form of themselves, impose their dreams on children. Indeed, children who have worked all day, with all kinds of championships and scholarships could end up in ivy league and possibly win a prestigious job when graduated. It seems they have lived a life everyone desires and so it satisfies the parents.
However, it is not the most favorable approach in academia, and there are a lot of downsides to it. First, it restrains the possibility of cultivating comprehensive personalities. Children become obedient to their parents, they cannot communicate well with their peers, their only profound relationship are with their parents throughout their lives, and it is no sign of a fully grown man. I personally have seen too much of a case. People who grow up under the shadow of their parents tend to be indecisive and too dependent on their parents. It is the consequence of psychological control of the authoritarian parenting. Whenever they speak of their mind, they got turned down or shouted back. Then they don’t speak much about themselves with self-centered parents, who think they are doing the best for kids. Under high pressures from parents and with no one can turn to, children are also bearing overwhelming stress and defeated feelings, which c.
Zhibei Wang04172020Page 5Authoritarian or Authoritati.docxodiliagilby
Zhibei Wang
04/17/2020
Page: 5
Authoritarian or Authoritative Parenting Style: Which Is in Best Interest for Children
Tough Love has gone viral on internet. It is a fanfic musical production about the stepmothers of Disney princesses. It is quite a mockery for the self-pitying but in fact cruel upbringing of the young girls. It is fictional and the stepmothers don’t love their stepdaughters necessarily, but we have to reflect on it: when we are parents, what are the best method to be taken so that our children can be responsible and positive grownups. Authoritarian or authoritative? It is a hot topic that never grows old; every parent has their reason to act upon. Experiencing quite a mix of harsh and lenient ways in my childhood, I find authoritative one more favorable. In the following paragraphs, I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both parenting styles.
Positive authoritative are defined as parents to be instructive and highly responsive to the development of child growth (Baumrind, 1966); On the contrary, authoritarian is control over most aspects of children’s lives, to make sure they stay on track (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). There are pros and cons to both sides.
As of authoritarian, the most important outcome is the high academic performances. Authoritarian parents put a lot of effort into student’s schoolwork and extracurricular activities, such as playing piano or violin. They closely follow children’s daily routine, make sure every minute will not go wasted. They want every investment to give harvests. They take their children to all kinds of competitions, and win loads of certificates to quantify how successful and extraordinary the child is. They see children as another form of themselves, impose their dreams on children. Indeed, children who have worked all day, with all kinds of championships and scholarships could end up in ivy league and possibly win a prestigious job when graduated. It seems they have lived a life everyone desires and so it satisfies the parents.
However, it is not the most favorable approach in academia, and there are a lot of downsides to it. First, it restrains the possibility of cultivating comprehensive personalities. Children become obedient to their parents, they cannot communicate well with their peers, their only profound relationship are with their parents throughout their lives, and it is no sign of a fully grown man. I personally have seen too much of a case. People who grow up under the shadow of their parents tend to be indecisive and too dependent on their parents. It is the consequence of psychological control of the authoritarian parenting. Whenever they speak of their mind, they got turned down or shouted back. Then they don’t speak much about themselves with self-centered parents, who think they are doing the best for kids. Under high pressures from parents and with no one can turn to, children are also bearing overwhelming stress and defeated feelings, which c ...
Challenges and Threats to Filipino Familiesgraecha
Disintegration of families, juvenile delinquency, domestic violence, substance abuse, dangers of drugs, ways to help children say "NO' to drugs, parental absenteeism, economic difficulties, absence of family goals and values, early sexual involvement, negative influence of media. A POPCOM Learning Package on Parent Education on Adolescent and Health and Development.
Zhibei Wang04172020Page 5Authoritarian or Authoritati.docxodiliagilby
Zhibei Wang
04/17/2020
Page: 5
Authoritarian or Authoritative Parenting Style: Which Is in Best Interest for Children
Tough Love has gone viral on internet. It is a fanfic musical production about the stepmothers of Disney princesses. It is quite a mockery for the self-pitying but in fact cruel upbringing of the young girls. It is fictional and the stepmothers don’t love their stepdaughters necessarily, but we have to reflect on it: when we are parents, what are the best method to be taken so that our children can be responsible and positive grownups. Authoritarian or authoritative? It is a hot topic that never grows old; every parent has their reason to act upon. Experiencing quite a mix of harsh and lenient ways in my childhood, I find authoritative one more favorable. In the following paragraphs, I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of both parenting styles.
Positive authoritative are defined as parents to be instructive and highly responsive to the development of child growth (Baumrind, 1966); On the contrary, authoritarian is control over most aspects of children’s lives, to make sure they stay on track (Kuppens & Ceulemans, 2019). There are pros and cons to both sides.
As of authoritarian, the most important outcome is the high academic performances. Authoritarian parents put a lot of effort into student’s schoolwork and extracurricular activities, such as playing piano or violin. They closely follow children’s daily routine, make sure every minute will not go wasted. They want every investment to give harvests. They take their children to all kinds of competitions, and win loads of certificates to quantify how successful and extraordinary the child is. They see children as another form of themselves, impose their dreams on children. Indeed, children who have worked all day, with all kinds of championships and scholarships could end up in ivy league and possibly win a prestigious job when graduated. It seems they have lived a life everyone desires and so it satisfies the parents.
However, it is not the most favorable approach in academia, and there are a lot of downsides to it. First, it restrains the possibility of cultivating comprehensive personalities. Children become obedient to their parents, they cannot communicate well with their peers, their only profound relationship are with their parents throughout their lives, and it is no sign of a fully grown man. I personally have seen too much of a case. People who grow up under the shadow of their parents tend to be indecisive and too dependent on their parents. It is the consequence of psychological control of the authoritarian parenting. Whenever they speak of their mind, they got turned down or shouted back. Then they don’t speak much about themselves with self-centered parents, who think they are doing the best for kids. Under high pressures from parents and with no one can turn to, children are also bearing overwhelming stress and defeated feelings, which c ...
Challenges and Threats to Filipino Familiesgraecha
Disintegration of families, juvenile delinquency, domestic violence, substance abuse, dangers of drugs, ways to help children say "NO' to drugs, parental absenteeism, economic difficulties, absence of family goals and values, early sexual involvement, negative influence of media. A POPCOM Learning Package on Parent Education on Adolescent and Health and Development.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. What is Family?
TRADITIONAL
Nuclear family
Two-parent family
MODERN
Single parent families
Blended families
Foster families
Childfree families
Same-sex couples
And many others
6. FAMILY STRUCTURE
The number and relationships among the people
living in a household.
Family Structure in US has changed drastically
In 1960 many more parents were in their first marriage
than presently
Thera average age women are having children has
increased from 21 in 1970 to 26 in 2014
Many teenagers are parents
What kind of family structure is created good/bad
What challenges do they face?
7. FAMILY STRUCTURE
Many teenagers are parents
What kind of family structure is created
good/bad
What challenges do they face?
More Children are living with Grandparents
Pros/Cons
Family Structure Video
8. Family Structure
Families are smaller—WHY?
Finances
Parents have careers
Educational delay
Parents having children later
Increased access to birth control
9. Family Structure
50% of marriages end in divorce
69% chance to stay together 10 years
54% chance to stay together 20 years
10. Family Structure
Nearly one-fifth of all children experience a
change in family structure as a result of
separation, divorce, remarriage, cohabitation,
parental death (Laughlin, 2014)
The more family structure transitions a child
experiences the more behavior problems they can
develop.
11. SAME-SEX PARENTS
2010 US census
115,000 same sex couples reported they were
raising children (Lofquist, 2011)
Variety of methods for becoming parents
Most states allow for the nonbiological parent to
adopt the same sex-spouse’s biological child
(second parent adoption)
12. Nuclear Family
IT REFERS TO A FAMILY CONSISTING OF A HUSBAND AND
WIFE PLUS THEIR CHILDREN.
13. EXTENDED FAMILY
IT IS A FAMILY CONSISTING OF SEVERAL GENERATIONS OF BLOOD
RELATIVES.
IT CONSISTS OF TWO NUCLEAR FAMILIES: THE FAMILY OF
ORIENTATION AND THE FAMILY OF PROCREATION
14. JOINT FAMILY
THIS FAMILY REFERS TO
MARRIED CHILDREN
WITH THEIR SPOUSE AND
CHILDREN LIVING IN ONE
RESIDENCE.
IN JOINT FAMILY, THERE
ARE ONLY TWO
GENERATIONS, THE
FATHER AND THE SON.
WHILE IN EXTENDED
FAMILY, THERE ARE THREE
GENERATIONS, THE
FATHER, THE SON AND
THE GRANDSON
15. TRUNCATED FAMILY
THIS IS NOT A COMMON FAMILY FORM.
IT REFERS TO GRANDPARENT-GRANDCHILDREN RELATIONSHIP
.
FINANCIAL PROBLEM IS MOST COMMON PROBLEM OF THE PARENTS
WHY GRANDPARENTS TAKE RESPONSIBILITY AND BE SURROGATE
PARENTS.
16. STEM FAMILY
IT IS A FAMILY FORMED BY TWO
FAMILIES –
THE FAMILY OF ORIENTATION AND
THE FAMILY OF PROCREATION.
THIS FAMILY DOESN’T SHARE THE
SAME HOUSE BUT THEIR HOUSE
MAY BE LOCATED IN THE SAME
AREA.
17. DUAL CAREER FAMILY
BOTH HUSBAND AND WIFE HAVE INDIVIDUAL CAREER.
THE IDEA OR STEREOTYPE THAT THE WIFE MUST BE
CONCERNED ONLY WITH HOUSEHOLD CHORES NO
LONGER HOLDS TRUE DUE TO SOCIETAL CHANGES.
18. DIVORCED PARENTS
If you remember we discussed the divorce rate, this creates a
different family structure.
What are some characteristics and causes?
Child parentification
Child can take on surrogate spouse role
Child encouraged to pick a favorite
Living in two households
One parent spoils the other more of a disciplinarian
Primary residence- time consuming, greater financial burden,
elevated stress
Custodial parent may move to ne neighborhood, school,
friends change, etc.
19. Divorce
Pros
End of conflict
End of issues lead to
divorce
Possible stress reduction
Parents might be happier
Cons
Disrupts lives of child-
school, friends, quality time
with parents
Can lead to increase in
conflict over finances
Children forced to act as
intermediary between
parents
Conflict worsens
20. Children’s Adjustment to Divorce
May result in behavioral problems such as drinking, drug use,
stealing, cheating, fighting, etc.
Aggression and antisocial behavior
Drop in academic achievement
Increase chance of high school drop-out
Higher chance of delinquent behavior
While older children can better understand divorce this still
puts them at risk for adjustment issues
21. Adults Whose Parents Divorced
Women may have poorer-quality intimate relationships
Lower self-esteem
Lower satisfaction from social support from friends and family
Less likely to have completed high school
Earn a lower income
Slightly greater risk for serious emotional disorders (e.g.,
depression, anxiety, and phobias)
How does elevated stress affect parenting?
22. Factors that Affect Adjustment
Relationship with noncustodial parent- provided the
noncustodial parent demonstrates a regular and positive
influence
What other factors can you think of?
23. STEPPARENTS
15% of children live in households with stepparents (Pew
Research Center, 2015)
Simple stepfamily- new parent joins another parent and their
children
Complex or Blended stepfamily- add both a new stepparent
and stepsiblings (Ganong et al., 2015)
The majority of stepfamilies are formed through divorce and
remarriage or the death of a biological parent and
remarriage.
24. STEPPARENTS
How can the addition of a stepparent and/or stepsiblings
impact a child?
Less frequent contact with noncustodial parent which can
lead to elevated stress for the child
Positive/negative family income
Comparison of bio and step parent
If child bonds with stepparent this can be another trusted
adult; great source of support
25. STEPPARENTS
Although stepfathers want their stepfamilies to thrive they tend to be less
close to their stepchildren (Hetherington, 1993)
New stepfathers may be helpful in providing a good role model
A good relationship with bioparents and stepparents has a better
outcome for the child.
On the average, conflict between stepfathers and stepchildren tends to
be greater than with biofather.
Children with stepfathers tend to have a higher rate of depression.
30. PARENTING
Socialization- This is the process through which children acquire values,
skills, knowledge and behavior that are appropriate for their role in their
culture.
Discipline-set of strategies used to teach children how to behave
appropriately
What strategies would you use/recommend to parents?
When strategies are effective they can lead to a permanent change in the
child’s behavior because the child has learned and accepted what they are
supposed to do. This is called internalization
Punishment this is the what follows a behavior with the goal of reducing
or eliminating that behavior
32. Parenting Styles
Authoritative
In this parenting style, the parents are nurturing, responsive, and
supportive, yet set firm limits for their children. They attempt to
control children's behavior by explaining rules, discussing, and
reasoning. They listen to a child's viewpoint but don't always accept it.
Children raised with this style tend to be friendly, happy, energetic,
cheerful, self-reliant, self-controlled, curious, cooperative and
achievement-oriented.
Source
https://www.apa.org/act/resources/fact-sheets/parenting-styles
33. Parenting Styles
Permissive
In this parenting style, parents are warm, but lax. They fail to set firm
limits, to monitor children's activities closely or to require
appropriately mature behavior of their children.
Children raised with this parenting style tend to be impulsive,
rebellious, aimless, domineering, aggressive and low in self-reliance,
self-control and achievement.
Kids who grow up with permissive parents are more likely to struggle
academically. They may exhibit more behavioral problems as they don't
appreciate authority and rules. They often have low self-esteem and may
report a lot of sadness.
Source
https://www.apa.org/act/resources/fact-sheets/parenting-styles
34. Parenting Styles
Uninvolved
In this parenting style, parents are unresponsive, unavailable and
rejecting.
Children raised with this parenting style tend to have low self-
esteem and little self-confidence and seek other, sometimes
inappropriate, role models to substitute for the neglectful parent.
Uninvolved parents may be neglectful but it's not always intentional. They
may lack knowledge about child development. And sometimes, they're
simply overwhelmed with other problems, like work, paying bills, and
managing a household.
Source
https://www.apa.org/act/resources/fact-sheets/parenting-styles
35. Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
In this parenting style, parents are famous for saying, "Because I said so," when a child
questions the reasons behind a rule. They are not interested in negotiating and their focus is on
obedience.
They also don't allow kids to get involved in problem-solving challenges or obstacles. Instead,
they make the rules and enforce the consequences with little regard for a child's opinion.
Authoritarian parents may use punishments instead of discipline. So rather than teach a child
how to make better choices, they're invested in making kids feel sorry for their mistakes.
Children who grow up with strict authoritarian parents tend to follow rules much of the time.
But, their obedience comes at a price.
Children of authoritarian parents are at a higher risk of developing self-esteem problems
because their opinions aren't valued.
Source
https://www.apa.org/act/resources/fact-sheets/parenting-styles
38. Children’s Influence on Parenting
What factors demonstrated by the children can
affect how they are parented?
39. Children’s Influence on Parenting
Recall reciprocal determinism that a child has an effect on their environment just as the
environment has an effect on them.
Child’s temperament
Child’s cognitive abilities such as comprehension, following directions
Children who are disobedient, angry, or challenging may make it more difficult for
parents to use an authoritative parenting style when compared to children who are
compliant and positive in their behavior.
Differential susceptibility- some children may be more reactive to the type of parenting
they receive than others
Children’s noncompliance and resisting their parent’s demands can impact parent’s
behavior
For example, child becomes whiny or aggressive and the parents back down rather than confront
the situation. The parents could also disengage, ignore the child’s behavior and many more
possibilities,
40. SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS
Siblings learn from one another
They can be a source of support or conflict
Siblings get along better with one another if they have a better
relationship with their parents and if they feel their parents treat them
equally well.
42. Socioeconomic Context
The family is impacted by the context in which it is embedded.
This includes economic(work and money), culture, parents
work, childcare
43. Cultural Context
The culture of a family can impact the parent’s choice of
behavior’s such as
Discipline
What other behaviors could be affected?
How does this choice of behaviors impact child development?
20% of children in the US are from poor families putting them at elevated risk
of cognitive and behavioral problems.
Across cultures parents have chosen positive discipline such as
inductive reasoning and warm parenting.
44. ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Children are expensive costing about $14,000 per child, per
year with a range of 10k-25k per year. (Lino, 2014)
What affect does income play in families?
Wealthier parents can spend more time with their children and make
be able to afford to have one parent stay home.
Parents hours with higher income families tend to be better avoiding
night and weekend jobs, multiple jobs, and irregular hours.
Low income parents are twice as likely to be afraid their children will
get shot or in trouble with the law.
Higher income makes parenting easier
45. PARENT’S WORK CONTEXT
Parents can feel a sense of accomplishment, social connection, purpose,
meaning, and enhanced mental health.
A positive work influence can have a positive impact on parenting.
Work can also cause elevated stress
46. CHILDCARE CONTEXTS
United States
35% of children with working mothers were placed in center based childcare
18% werecared for by a nonrelative in a home environment (babysitter, nanny,
day care provider
66% of children from high income families were cared for in organized
childcare
Low income families were cared for by family members
47. CHILDCARE CONTEXTS
Maternal employment has few negative impacts on the child
provided the child is placed in childcare of acceptable quality and
supervision by adults.
What is acceptable?
How many adults to child ratio?
Enrichment?
Children in high quality day care do better in their cognitive and
language development than children in low –quality care
Characteristics of the child will affect a positive/negative outcome.
