Ch. 1 Biology Notes
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This chapter discusses the key concepts of biology. It defines the characteristics of living things, which include being made of cells, growing, responding to the environment, reproducing, using energy, and maintaining homeostasis. It also outlines the main branches of biology - zoology, botany, taxonomy, genetics, physiology, anatomy, and ecology. Additionally, it examines the levels of biological organization and important terms like organism, biosphere, species, and extinction. Tools of biology explored include microscopes, computers, field studies, and laboratory experiments, as well as separation techniques.
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Microbes - Microorganisms are tiny and invisible to naked eye. They can be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope. Small subcellular or cellular living beings with milli-micron or micron in size and are not visible to our naked eyes are called micro-organisms. Microorganisms include the cellular organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. Viruses are also included as one of the microorganism but they are acellular.
Scope-and-history-of-Microbiology.pdf
This document provides an overview of the history and key contributors to the development of microbiology. It discusses early microscopists like Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek and their discoveries of cells and microorganisms. It then outlines the debate between spontaneous generation and biogenesis theories, with experiments by Spallanzani and Pasteur supporting biogenesis. Major contributions of Pasteur, including disproving spontaneous generation, developing pasteurization and germ theory of disease, and pioneering vaccine development are summarized. The document also briefly mentions contributions of Redi, Needham, Tyndall, and their experiments related to sources of microbes and disproving spontaneous generation.
Biology lecture
The document provides an outline for a biology course covering topics like cell structure and function, skeletal system, classification of living organisms into kingdoms, and chemistry of life. It discusses the grading system, requirements, house rules, fields and branches of biology. It introduces concepts like scientific method, limitations of science, levels of biological organization from atoms to biosphere, properties of life, and basic organic compounds.
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Bio 127 lec 1 Microbiology: Topic Introduction, History
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快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
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Ch. 1 Biology Notes
- 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS 1. Made of Cells 2. Grow and Develop 3. Respond to the Environment 4. Adapt to the Environment 5. Reproduce 6. Use Energy 7. Maintain Homeostasis of internal balance
- 3. BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY 1. ZOOLOGY – study of animals 2. BOTANY – study of plants 3. TAXONOMY – study of classification of organisms 4. GENETICS – study of heredity and genes 5. PHYSIOLOGY – study of chemical processes in the body 6. ANATOMY – study of the structures and functions of organisms 7. ECOLOGY – study of Ecosystems
- 4. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ System Organism
- 5. STUDY OF LIFE ORGANISMS – any living thing. BIOSPHERE – all the living and non-living portions of the Earth that sustain life. Include: water, land and air SPECIES – is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can interbreed and produce fertile offsprings. Example: Homo sapiens (humans) EXTINCTION – is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of animals or plants
- 6. BIOLOGY SOCIETY AND YOU FOOD – cannot live more than 3 months without food; gives us energy BIOTECHNOLOGY – the application of biological science to practical problems. CLOTHING – purpose is protection from environment Mostly made from biological products Examples: wool, silk, leather Some are synthetic Examples: polyester and nylon
- 7. BIOLOGY SOCIETY AND YOU SHELTER – purpose is to protect organisms from changing conditions of environment. HEALTH – Biology is not only to help treat diseases, but also to improve one’s life and environment. Used in day to day living, from cooking to driving cars FOSSIL FUELS are running out, thus Biologists try to develop RENEWABLE sources of fuels
- 8. TOOLS IN BIOLOGY 1. MICROSCOPES – is an instrument that uses lenses to produce an enlarged focused image of a specimen A. LIGHT MICROSCOPE – focuses light into the specimen using a mirror or light bulb. B. PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE – ability to see detail with a microscope C. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE – uses beam of electrons to create an image. - 2 Kinds of Electron Microscopes 1. Transmission EM (TEM) 2. Scanning EM (SEM)
- 9. TOOLS IN BIOLOGY 2. COMPUTERS a. Use to store large amounts of information b. Use to store and analyze data c. Use for producing models of biological structures
- 10. TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY 1. FIELD STUDIES – takes place in the organism’s natural environment - Disadvantage: unpredictability of the environment 2. LABORATORY STUDIES – controlled experiments
- 11. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 1. ELECTROPHORESIS – molecules of a mixture are separated according to their shape, size and electrical charge. 2. CELL FRACTIONATION a. CENTRIFUGE – a tool that separates mixtures by spinning them at various speeds b. CHROMATOGRAPHY – separates the components of mixture of gas or liquid. 3. TISSUE CULTURE – is a technique in which biologists grow large amounts of single kind of cell.