The physical factors affects the growth of microorganism.
1) Temperature
Temperature is the most important factor that influences the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions and rate of growth.
For every organisms there is an optimum temperature for growth and minimum temperature for inhibiting the growth.
Most extreme the microbes need liquid water to grow.(330C).
some algae and fungi grow at 55-60 degreeC.
Prokaryotes are grow at 100 degreeC.
Based on temperature the microorganisms are classified into two 4.
The physical factors affects the growth of microorganism.
1) Temperature
Temperature is the most important factor that influences the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions and rate of growth.
For every organisms there is an optimum temperature for growth and minimum temperature for inhibiting the growth.
Most extreme the microbes need liquid water to grow.(330C).
some algae and fungi grow at 55-60 degreeC.
Prokaryotes are grow at 100 degreeC.
Based on temperature the microorganisms are classified into two 4.
Microorganisms, those minuscule entities that elude the naked eye, take centre stage in Class 8 Science Chapter 2, titled "Microorganisms: Friend and Foe." This chapter delves into the intricate world of these tiny beings, exploring their dual nature as both friends and foes, with profound implications for our environment, health, and daily life.
Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microbes. The term microbiology derives its name from three Greek words mikros [small] bios [life] and logos [study]. Microbiology focus on the occurrence and distribution of microorganisms in nature, their structure, physiology, reproduction, metabolism and classification.
Microbes - Microorganisms are tiny and invisible to naked eye. They can be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope. Small subcellular or cellular living beings with milli-micron or micron in size and are not visible to our naked eyes are called micro-organisms. Microorganisms include the cellular organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. Viruses are also included as one of the microorganism but they are acellular.
Microbiology is the study of a variety of living things, such as bacteria, fungus, and other tiny creatures, that are not visible to the naked eye. However, these little creatures are the foundation of all life on earth.. all types of living things that are invisible to the unaided eye.
Important categories have been divided based on certain traits in the study of bacteria in food. These classifications have no taxonomic relevance.
Food technology, food safety and hygiene, food poisoning, food genomics, and, more generally,
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Microorganisms, those minuscule entities that elude the naked eye, take centre stage in Class 8 Science Chapter 2, titled "Microorganisms: Friend and Foe." This chapter delves into the intricate world of these tiny beings, exploring their dual nature as both friends and foes, with profound implications for our environment, health, and daily life.
Microbiology is a branch of science that deals with microbes. The term microbiology derives its name from three Greek words mikros [small] bios [life] and logos [study]. Microbiology focus on the occurrence and distribution of microorganisms in nature, their structure, physiology, reproduction, metabolism and classification.
Microbes - Microorganisms are tiny and invisible to naked eye. They can be seen only by magnifying their image with a microscope. Small subcellular or cellular living beings with milli-micron or micron in size and are not visible to our naked eyes are called micro-organisms. Microorganisms include the cellular organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa. Viruses are also included as one of the microorganism but they are acellular.
Microbiology is the study of a variety of living things, such as bacteria, fungus, and other tiny creatures, that are not visible to the naked eye. However, these little creatures are the foundation of all life on earth.. all types of living things that are invisible to the unaided eye.
Important categories have been divided based on certain traits in the study of bacteria in food. These classifications have no taxonomic relevance.
Food technology, food safety and hygiene, food poisoning, food genomics, and, more generally,
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This was an assignment of preparing “A lecture note on Microbial Growth and Nutrition, and Clones, Enzymes and Informative Hybridizations” for the course "General Microbiology"
Hope you will find it useful.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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note microbio unit.pptx
1. WELWITCHIA HEALTH TRAINING CENTRE
CERTIFICATE IN HEALTH SCIENCES FOUNDATION
NQF LEVEL 4
COURSE: MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY FOUNDATIONS
(FMPY 1401)
UNIT 3: CONDITIONS FOR MICRO-ORGANISMS TO PRODUCE AND GROW
By L.Nambala
2. By the end of this unit, students should be
able to:
Describe the conditions for microbes to
produce and grow.
Classify microbes according to temperature
requirements.
3. Conditions for microbes to produce and grow
1. Moisture
All micro-organisms in the vegetative state will require moisture for survival.
They also require this moisture in order to extract nutrients.
Their growth can then be controlled by regulating the moisture in the environment. This
factor is used in the preservation of certain foods; the drying of meat, fish and
vegetables in order to preserve the food stuff.
Moisture is not however a requirement for micro-organisms which exist in the spore
state.
4. 2. Nutrients
In this instance micro-organisms will require both inorganic and organic material
and the organic source will be proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.
Included in the organic group will be vitamins which however are only required in
small quantities.
The inorganic components will consist of various mineral salts such as iron,
copper, zinc etc. If there is a shortage of any of these then the micro-organisms will
not survive.
5. 3. Oxygen
There are microbes which will only thrive in the presence of oxygen.
Such microbes are referred to as aerobes.
If oxygen is absolutely essential for their survival, then we say there are obligatory
aerobes.
There are some microbes which are killed or inhibited by oxygen and they will only
survive in an environment devoid of oxygen.
Such microbes are referred to as obligatory anaerobes.
6. 4. Temperature
Micro-organisms thrive best at their optimum temperature. This enables the
physiological processes to function best at that particular temperature.
Micro-organisms can be divided into three main groups based on their
temperature requirements and these are:
Psychrophiles- Thrive best in temperatures ranging from -20 degrees Celsius to
+10 degrees Celsius.
Mesophiles- A group to which most micro-organisms belong and it is in this group
that we have various pathogens. They thrive in temperatures between 20 degrees
Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius.
Thermophiles- These prefer higher temperatures and survive best in temperatures
higher than 50 degrees Celsius.
7. 5. pH
Each group of micro-organisms will function best at a
particular pH level.
Some of them will function best when the environment is
likely acid.
Others will prefer an alkaline medium while some will prefer a
pH environment which is neutral. Most bacteria grow between
pH 6.5 and 7.5.
8. 6. Osmotic pressure
How successful the micro-organism thrives in the
environment which is always a liquid medium will depend on
the osmotic pressure.
e.g. in a syrup or brine solution then the organism will have
fluid withdrawn from its body by the high osmotic pressure of
the liquid and therefore it will be unable to survive in such an
environment.
This fact is utilized in preserving various food stuffs.
9. 7. Radiation
The ultra violet radiation of sunlight is very effective in killing off various
micro-organisms especially those lacking pigmentation.
The various radiations target the enzyme systems of the micro-organism
and also it’s DNA. Other forms of radiation will include X-rays, Gamma
rays, Alpha rays and Beta rays.
Gamma rays have good penetration properties and this form of radiation
is being extensively used in the sterilization of tinned foods.
Other factors which will harm micro-organisms include ultra- sonic
vibrations which will bring about the disintegration of micro-organisms
and ultra- sonic waves which will destroy organelles within the microbe.
10. 8. Toxic substances
As the micro-organisms feed in the environment, they
produce various waste products and these waste products can
be toxic if they accumulate in large amounts and this will
adversely affect their growth.
Sometimes however these toxic substances do not originate
from micro-organisms but they may occur in the environment
as a result of pollution.
This in turn will also affect the growth of these microbes.
11. Self-help Assessment
Identify conditions for microbes to produce and grow
Differentiate between Mesophiles and Thermophiles