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Ch 1
- 1. 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492
- 5. An Other Theory Movie 2-Kennewick Man Movie 3-How the 1 st Immigrants Came to America Movie 4-Forensic Anthropology All 4 Movies Movie 1-An Unusual Discovery
- 10. Olmec
- 12. Chichen Itza Movie 5
- 26. Native American Cultures 1 What does this map tell us?
Editor's Notes
- What do you think this is showing? (Other ways man may of made their way to the Americas)
- The study of ancient people Things left behind by early people, such as stone tools, weapons, baskets, and carvings. Native Americans did come from a land that later sank into the sea. It was not the mythical Atlantis, however, but a stretch of land called Beringia that once joined Asia and the Americas. Periods of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet’s surface was covered with massive ice sheet. Much of the water from the oceans was frozen into these ice sheets, or glaciers. For that reason the sea levels were much lower during that periods. The lower sea levels exposed large areas of the seabed that would once again be covered with water when the Ice Age ended and the glaciers melted. Beringia now lies under the Bering Strait. The early Americans were nomads, people who moved from place to place. A movement of a large number of people into a new homeland.
- They were hunting for food, they followed the woolly mammoth, saber-toothed tiger, and the mastodon. By boat?
- Boat types, religious customs, cultural practices, building structures (pyramids)
- Movie: 1-4 on Kennewick Man (1-2.22 minutes, 2-7.23 minutes, 3-.44 seconds, & 4-7.08 minutes)
- Resembled modern elephants in size and shape but had shaggy fur and tusks up to 13 feet long. A single mammoth provided tons of meat, enough for months. They used every part for skin for clothing, bones for weapons and tools, and long ribs for shelters. A large, flesh-eating cat The animals ate the grass and then had to move for more so they migrated into the Americas.
- Those living along rivers or near the seacoast Maize : early form of corn raised in Mexico many years ago Early Americans in Mexico also experimented with other kinds of seed. Pumpkins, edible gourds, beans, chili peppers, avocados, and squashes. Will vary.
- Built permanent Shelters, Pottery & cloth-decorated with dyes made from roots and herbs, Blankets, Governments & Religion Culture: a way of life for a particular group of people a. Includes language, dress, food, etc.
- Before Europeans arrived in the 1500s, several great highly developed societies, arose in present-day Mexico and in Central and South American. They built enormous cities in dense jungles and difficult to reach mountain tops. Flourished between 1200 B.C. and 400 B.C. along the Gulf Coast of what are now Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. 1)Farmers produced enough food to sustain cities containing thousands of people. 2)Olmec workers sculpted Stone Monuments like this one. 3)They also built pavements 4) drainage systems.
- This map shows the major cities and sites in Central America
- 1000 B.C.-Present Day Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize-cleared land and planted maize, beeans, sweet potatoes, & other vegetables. Built by enslaved Prisoners of War A society ruled by religious leaders. They studied the night sky would help them understand the gods and predict the future, this led to an understanding of astronomy. The priests created a 365-day calendar by which to schedule plantings, harvests, & religious ceremonies. Mayan priests recorded the movements of the stars, sun, & moon by carving pictures on stone, pictures or symbols that are used to represent words, sounds, or concepts. Began decline in A.D. 800 and by A.D. 900 the great cities were almost ghost towns. Descendants of the Maya still live in parts of Mexico and Central America
- Movie 5: The Rise of the Maya (6.47 Minutes) The pyramids in Chichen Itza located on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, covered an acre of ground.
- Movie 6: The Rise of the Aztec (6:04 minutes) 1325 A.D. they came upon an island in Lake Texcoco, today part of Mexico City. One of the greatest cities in the Americas. It construction was a miracle of engineering and human labor. In the 1400s the army marched through central and southern Mexico, conquering mearly all rival communities. They took everything they could carry and enslaved the survivors.
- Movie 7: The Inca Empire (2:56 minutes) Movie 8: Brief History of Incan Civilization (2:31 minutes) Founded the capital city of Cuzco around A.D. 1200-empire stretched from north to south for more than 3,000 miles, from present-day Colombia to northern Argentina and Chile in South America. The population of more than 6 million used these roads to control this far-flung empire. Although the Inca did not possess paper or writing, they developed a system of record keeping with string. Broad platforms, into steep slopes so they could plant crops. Emperor was Believed to be Descendant of Sun God
- Movie 9: The Incan City of Machu Picchu (6:53 minutes) Built special cities devoted to religious ceremonies.
- Home was in hot, dry desert of present-day Arizonia may have come from Mexico about 300 B.C. & flourished until 1200 A.D. in an area bordered by the Gila & Salt River Valley. Squeezed every drop of available water from the sun-baked soil. Developed hundreds of miles of irrigation channels they dug to carry river water into their fields.
- Movie 10: The 4 Corners Region of the United States (4:30 minutes) 200 A.D. to 1300 A.D.-Four Corners Area Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico, one of the most spectacular of the Anasazi pueblos. Mesa Verde in Colorado, one of the largest and most elaborate cliff dwelling, held several thousand inhabitants. Probably Caused Their Decline
- Movie 11: The Mystery of the Anasazi (1:35 minutes) 1000 B.C. to 900 A.D.-stretched from Great Lakes to Florida Adena : Hunters and gatherers who flourished in the Ohio Valley by 800 B.C. Hopewell : Who lived between 200 B.C. and A.D. 500. Built huge burial mounds shaped like birds, bears, snakes
- The largest settlement of the Mound Builders was built between A.D. 900 and A.D. 1200 by a people called the Mississippians and had 30,000 or more residents. The largest mound of 100 Feet High, when built, it was probably the highest structure north of Mexico. 2,000 miles away from the great cities of Mexico, Cahokia resembled them. Pyramid-shaped mounds, temple crowned the summit.
- Some scientists the migrants to cross the land bridge into North America. Low-lying structures of snow blocks, which protected them from severe weather. In the coastal waters, they pursued whales, seals, and walruses in small skin-covered boats.
- Movie 11: The Nez Perce I will fight no more forever (11:25 minutes) Movie 12: People of the Northwest (1:51 minutes) Lived in the area between the Cascade Mountains and Rocky Mountains in California. Fished the river for Salmon, hunted deer and gathered roots and berries. Important leader to the Nez Perce tribe
- Movie 13: People of the Southwest (1:53 minutes) Descendants of the Anasazi formed the Hopi, the Acoma, and the Zuni. They built homes from sun-dried mud bricks-Adobe: sun dried mud bricks
- In 1500s 2 new groups settled in SW-Apache hunter and Navajo rug Unlike other peoples of the Southwest, the Apache & Navajo chased buffalo and other game after settling to plant crops like maize they built square homes called hogans.
- Movie 14: The Eastern Woodland People (2:07 minutes) Governments that linked different groups Was made of these 5 tribes Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, & Cayuga Women Occupied Position of Power, they owned land and were responsible for the planting and harvesting of crops. They had a strong voice in community government. Women Chose 50 Men that made up the League
- Movie 15: The Plains Indians 1 st Inhabit the Midwest (1:55 minutes) Villages were temporary, lasting only for a growing season or two. Moved their homes by draggin the cone-shaped skin tents or teepees behind them. Hunted antelope, deer, and buffalo. They captured horses that escaped from the Spanish in Mexico and tamed the wild horses and because skilled riders. Used the horses for hunting and warfare. Apache and Dakota
- What does this map tell us?
- Movie 16: The People of the Southeast (2:24 minutes) Farmed in the mountains of Georgia and the Carolina’s Loosely knit farming communities in present-day Georgia and Alabama the grew corn, tobacco, & squash Lived farther west in what is now Mississippi, farmed the river bottomlands.
- These people built earthen pyramids including a large settlement in Illinois They had a strong military empire This is a system of record keeping with string This is the study of ancient peoples Sun-dried mud brickss The earliest Native Americans crossed a land bridge called Beringia Maize Mayan 365 day calendar, Aztec Empire of Tenochtitlan, and both organized their societies around religion. Inca Hopewell Europeans arrival in 1500s