This document summarizes themes 13 and 15 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regional roundtable on forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry and includes 4 items: presence of woodland, area of woodland, purposes of woodland, and whether agroforestry is practiced. Theme 15 covers greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, including sources like enteric fermentation and manure management. It includes new items on livestock grazing practices, manure application, manure management systems, and final manure use. The themes aim to provide data to monitor countries' greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC and establish baselines for future surveys.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
Regional Workshop for Monitoring the SDGs related to Food and Agriculture Sector and on the WCA 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to crops for agricultural censuses and surveys. It outlines 16 items across four categories: permanent crops, temporary crops, items for the holding, and key concepts and definitions. The items collect information on crop types, areas, numbers, production, uses of fertilizers, and presence of facilities like nurseries. Agricultural census data on crops is important for understanding agricultural structures and informing decision makers.
This document provides information about Theme 2 (Land) and Theme 3 (Irrigation) from the World Programme on Agriculture Census 2020. It discusses key items to collect for each theme at the holding and parcel level, including total area of holding, land use and tenure, irrigation use and area, and sources of irrigation water. Country experiences collecting these data from agricultural censuses are also reviewed. The document aims to help countries monitor the Sustainable Development Goals related to food and agriculture through improved agricultural census methodology.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items and concepts for Theme 6 and 7 (Agricultural Practices and Services for Agriculture) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on the importance of these themes for measuring the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Twelve specific items are outlined covering topics like the use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery/equipment, buildings, product sales, organic practices, seed types, seed sources, and tillage practices. Country experiences collecting data on these items through agricultural censuses are also discussed.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document discusses Theme 1 items from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings. It provides background on several items including the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and sex of the agricultural holder, and main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences from Mozambique and Tanzania collecting these types of data in their recent censuses are also summarized. The document aims to describe the concepts and importance of these key identification and characteristic items for agricultural censuses.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
Regional Workshop for Monitoring the SDGs related to Food and Agriculture Sector and on the WCA 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to crops for agricultural censuses and surveys. It outlines 16 items across four categories: permanent crops, temporary crops, items for the holding, and key concepts and definitions. The items collect information on crop types, areas, numbers, production, uses of fertilizers, and presence of facilities like nurseries. Agricultural census data on crops is important for understanding agricultural structures and informing decision makers.
This document provides information about Theme 2 (Land) and Theme 3 (Irrigation) from the World Programme on Agriculture Census 2020. It discusses key items to collect for each theme at the holding and parcel level, including total area of holding, land use and tenure, irrigation use and area, and sources of irrigation water. Country experiences collecting these data from agricultural censuses are also reviewed. The document aims to help countries monitor the Sustainable Development Goals related to food and agriculture through improved agricultural census methodology.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items and concepts for Theme 6 and 7 (Agricultural Practices and Services for Agriculture) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on the importance of these themes for measuring the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Twelve specific items are outlined covering topics like the use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery/equipment, buildings, product sales, organic practices, seed types, seed sources, and tillage practices. Country experiences collecting data on these items through agricultural censuses are also discussed.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document discusses Theme 1 items from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings. It provides background on several items including the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and sex of the agricultural holder, and main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences from Mozambique and Tanzania collecting these types of data in their recent censuses are also summarized. The document aims to describe the concepts and importance of these key identification and characteristic items for agricultural censuses.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document provides background information and guidelines for collecting data on several items under Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and characteristics of the holder, main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences in collecting these data are also highlighted. The document aims to help countries design their agricultural censuses to obtain essential socioeconomic information on agricultural holdings and holders.
The document summarizes technical session 7 of the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 in Budapest, Hungary. It focuses on the theme of crops, including key concepts, 16 proposed items related to permanent and temporary crops, and country experiences collecting crop data. Items collect data on crop types, areas, numbers of trees, fertilizer use, nurseries, and protected cropping. Moldova's 2011 agriculture census collected data on crop areas, types of crops, and distinguished between field and garden plots.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items related to the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings that are included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on some key items, including respondent, legal status, sex and age of holder, main purpose and activities. It also discusses some new items such as proportion of income from agriculture, main agricultural activity, and presence and characteristics of a hired manager. Country experiences from Indonesia's 2013 Agricultural Census are presented, showing items collected on identification, location, agricultural activities, main operator, and household income source.
Census Tabulation, Archiving and Dissemination : Technical Session 15FAO
The document discusses best practices for tabulating, disseminating, and archiving data from an agricultural census. It provides guidance on developing a tabulation plan, presenting standard statistical tables, using appropriate classification variables and tabulation classes, and producing territorial and cross-tabulated data. The document also covers disseminating preliminary and final census results through various reports and data products while ensuring data quality and metadata documentation.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and ServicesFAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 6 covers agricultural practices and theme 7 covers services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and describes several new and existing items to be included. Country experiences collecting relevant data from censuses are also reviewed. The key information presented is on the concepts, definitions, and rationale for specific items related to agricultural practices, services, credit, and infrastructure that could be collected through an agricultural census.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
This document provides information and guidance about work-related concepts and definitions for the World Census of Agriculture 2020 (WCA 2020) theme on work on agricultural holdings. It discusses updated definitions of key concepts like work, forms of work, and labor force status in line with International Labor Organization standards. The theme includes 7 items to collect data on household and hired labor, working time, employment status, and use of contractors. Country examples from Samoa's 2009 agricultural census illustrate how questions can collect data on household members and non-household workers.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding agricultural practices and services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and details several new and existing items to be covered, including those relating to use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery, buildings, seed types, tillage practices, and fertilizer use. Country experiences from Myanmar's 2010 Census of Agriculture are also presented, which included questions on agricultural practices and tools/machineries used.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 covers demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age and sex of members, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 examines intra-household distribution of managerial decisions and asset ownership to better understand gender roles in agriculture. It outlines the items and concepts for collecting this information, including who makes decisions about crops, livestock, and who owns land and livestock. Country experiences from Rwanda and Botswana providing examples of how they have collected similar demographic and social data on agricultural households.
This document discusses work concepts and definitions for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It provides background on updating work-related concepts and items to be consistent with the 2013 ILO resolution. Key items covered in Theme 9 on work on the holding are identified and defined, including working time on the holding, number/time of employees, and use of contractors. Country experiences from Botswana and Uganda's recent censuses illustrate how various work-related data are collected, including labor force status, share of operations undertaken, and number/payment of hired laborers.
Overview of the New Features of World Programme for the Census of Agriculture...FAO
The document provides an overview of the new features of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) 2020. Some key points include:
1. The WCA 2020 introduces new modalities for census taking including a modular approach and greater use of information technology. It also distinguishes between essential, frame, and additional census items.
2. The census of agriculture is important for agricultural planning, research, and monitoring global initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides critical data on issues like food security, the environment, and gender.
3. Methodological considerations include different census modalities, use of frames and registers, and integrating census and survey data collection. Relationship to other censuses
Census Theme 5 - Livestock : Technical Session 8FAO
The document summarizes key concepts and methodology for collecting livestock statistics through agricultural censuses. It discusses defining livestock and livestock farming, the importance of livestock statistics, and recommended items to collect, including the number and characteristics of animals by type, births/acquisitions/deaths, purposes, feeding, and veterinary services. Country experiences are also briefly mentioned, such as recording livestock numbers as of a reference date and distinguishing owned/non-owned/communally grazed animals.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document provides background information and guidelines for collecting data on several items under Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and characteristics of the holder, main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences in collecting these data are also highlighted. The document aims to help countries design their agricultural censuses to obtain essential socioeconomic information on agricultural holdings and holders.
The document summarizes technical session 7 of the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 in Budapest, Hungary. It focuses on the theme of crops, including key concepts, 16 proposed items related to permanent and temporary crops, and country experiences collecting crop data. Items collect data on crop types, areas, numbers of trees, fertilizer use, nurseries, and protected cropping. Moldova's 2011 agriculture census collected data on crop areas, types of crops, and distinguished between field and garden plots.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items related to the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings that are included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on some key items, including respondent, legal status, sex and age of holder, main purpose and activities. It also discusses some new items such as proportion of income from agriculture, main agricultural activity, and presence and characteristics of a hired manager. Country experiences from Indonesia's 2013 Agricultural Census are presented, showing items collected on identification, location, agricultural activities, main operator, and household income source.
Census Tabulation, Archiving and Dissemination : Technical Session 15FAO
The document discusses best practices for tabulating, disseminating, and archiving data from an agricultural census. It provides guidance on developing a tabulation plan, presenting standard statistical tables, using appropriate classification variables and tabulation classes, and producing territorial and cross-tabulated data. The document also covers disseminating preliminary and final census results through various reports and data products while ensuring data quality and metadata documentation.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and ServicesFAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 6 covers agricultural practices and theme 7 covers services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and describes several new and existing items to be included. Country experiences collecting relevant data from censuses are also reviewed. The key information presented is on the concepts, definitions, and rationale for specific items related to agricultural practices, services, credit, and infrastructure that could be collected through an agricultural census.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
This document provides information and guidance about work-related concepts and definitions for the World Census of Agriculture 2020 (WCA 2020) theme on work on agricultural holdings. It discusses updated definitions of key concepts like work, forms of work, and labor force status in line with International Labor Organization standards. The theme includes 7 items to collect data on household and hired labor, working time, employment status, and use of contractors. Country examples from Samoa's 2009 agricultural census illustrate how questions can collect data on household members and non-household workers.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding agricultural practices and services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and details several new and existing items to be covered, including those relating to use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery, buildings, seed types, tillage practices, and fertilizer use. Country experiences from Myanmar's 2010 Census of Agriculture are also presented, which included questions on agricultural practices and tools/machineries used.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 covers demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age and sex of members, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 examines intra-household distribution of managerial decisions and asset ownership to better understand gender roles in agriculture. It outlines the items and concepts for collecting this information, including who makes decisions about crops, livestock, and who owns land and livestock. Country experiences from Rwanda and Botswana providing examples of how they have collected similar demographic and social data on agricultural households.
This document discusses work concepts and definitions for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It provides background on updating work-related concepts and items to be consistent with the 2013 ILO resolution. Key items covered in Theme 9 on work on the holding are identified and defined, including working time on the holding, number/time of employees, and use of contractors. Country experiences from Botswana and Uganda's recent censuses illustrate how various work-related data are collected, including labor force status, share of operations undertaken, and number/payment of hired laborers.
Overview of the New Features of World Programme for the Census of Agriculture...FAO
The document provides an overview of the new features of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) 2020. Some key points include:
1. The WCA 2020 introduces new modalities for census taking including a modular approach and greater use of information technology. It also distinguishes between essential, frame, and additional census items.
2. The census of agriculture is important for agricultural planning, research, and monitoring global initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides critical data on issues like food security, the environment, and gender.
3. Methodological considerations include different census modalities, use of frames and registers, and integrating census and survey data collection. Relationship to other censuses
Census Theme 5 - Livestock : Technical Session 8FAO
The document summarizes key concepts and methodology for collecting livestock statistics through agricultural censuses. It discusses defining livestock and livestock farming, the importance of livestock statistics, and recommended items to collect, including the number and characteristics of animals by type, births/acquisitions/deaths, purposes, feeding, and veterinary services. Country experiences are also briefly mentioned, such as recording livestock numbers as of a reference date and distinguishing owned/non-owned/communally grazed animals.
Legal and Institutional Framework: Technical Session 16aFAO
The document discusses legal and institutional frameworks for agricultural censuses. It covers census legislation within a country's national legal framework, including primary and secondary legislation. The main features of census legislation that are outlined include scope and coverage, responsibilities, frequency, administrative provisions, confidentiality, and sanctions. Ensuring political support is also discussed. The document describes common structures for census executing authorities and coordinating boards at national, provincial, and local levels to plan and implement agricultural censuses.
Roundtable on Countries Census plans, approaches and methodologies.: Technica...FAO
This document discusses participation in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) by FAO member countries. It provides data on country participation by WCA round from 1960 to the planned 2020 round. It also lists the European and Central Asian countries that conducted an agricultural census in the 2010 WCA round and any planned censuses for the 2020 round. Finally, it discusses feedback received from countries during a regional roundtable on missing census metadata and materials to validate for the FAO online census library.
Census Themes 12 and 14 – Aquaculture and Fisheries : Technical Session 12FAO
This document summarizes a technical session on aquaculture in agricultural censuses. It defines aquaculture and distinguishes it from capture fisheries. It discusses the importance of aquaculture statistics and outlines items that could be included in an agricultural census to capture aquaculture data, such as the presence, area, production facilities, water sources, and types of aquatic organisms cultivated. Examples of how aquaculture data was collected in the agricultural censuses of Armenia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are also provided.
Census communication and publicity: Technical Session 16bFAO
The document discusses the importance of communication and publicity strategies for agricultural censuses. It notes that the main goals are to raise awareness of the census purpose and ensure cooperation from respondents. An effective strategy involves situational analysis, identifying target audiences, developing messages, selecting appropriate communication channels and tools, and implementing the plan over time. It provides examples of communication materials and channels used in Cambodia and Canada, emphasizing the role of various media, meetings, and promotional items in getting census messages to rural communities. Proper monitoring and sufficient budgets are also highlighted as important for evaluation and success.
Use of Technology for field data capture and compilation : Technical Session 16cFAO
This document summarizes the use of technology for data capture and compilation in agricultural censuses. It discusses computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software, which allows enumerators to record survey responses directly onto tablets or computers instead of paper. CAPI offers advantages like easier survey management, faster data processing, and higher data quality through features like skip patterns and validation. However, CAPI also has disadvantages such as high upfront costs and reliance on connectivity. The document then reviews several popular CAPI platforms and provides examples of countries that have implemented CAPI for agricultural censuses.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 focuses on collecting demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age, sex, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 aims to better assess the role of gender in agricultural decision making and asset ownership. It includes collecting data on the sex of household members who make managerial decisions, area/livestock managed by sex, and land/livestock owned by sex. Country experiences providing examples of how these themes have been implemented in past agricultural censuses are also presented.
Methodological considerations for the census design : Technical Session 3FAO
The document discusses four main modalities for conducting an agricultural census: the classical approach, modular approach, integrated census/survey approach, and using administrative registers. It provides descriptions of each approach, including key implementation steps, advantages, and limitations. Specifically, it outlines the classical approach as a single one-off operation collecting all information, the modular approach separating core and supplementary modules, and the integrated approach combining censuses and surveys over multiple years.
Census Theme 9 – Work on the holding : Technical Session 11FAO
This document provides background and guidance on work-related items for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It defines key concepts related to work, including own-use production work, employment work, and labour force status. It describes seven items to be included in the census: whether working on the holding is the main activity; working time on the holding; number and working time of employees; labour force status; status in employment; form of payment for employees; and use of contractors. Country experiences from Serbia's 2012 agriculture census are presented as examples.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF): ): Current status and cap...FAO
The document provides an overview of the Status and Capacity Development Activities for the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). SEEA AFF was developed to provide integrated environmental and economic information for these sectors based on the Central Framework. Capacity development activities include country trainings, implementation plans, and collaborations to support countries in applying SEEA AFF concepts to improve decision making for sustainable development.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Accounting Tools: Accounting ExercisesFAO
The document provides an outline and examples of physical flow accounts and asset accounts from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). It discusses combined presentations that integrate environmental and economic data, and provides an example "Reference Combined Presentation". It also gives descriptions and examples of physical flow accounts for crops, including variables such as production, use, trade, and changes in inventories. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of asset accounts that track changes in environmental asset stocks and flows.
Lineamientos y recomendaciones para la estrategia regional de gestión de ries...FAO
http://www.fao.org/americas/eventos/ver/en/c/471743/
http://www.fao.org/americas/eventos/ver/es/c/471744/
Presentación de Tania Zambrana en Reunión Técnica Elaboración Estrategia Regional para la GIRD de los sectores agrícolas y la seguridad alimentaria, Santiago, 22 y 23 febrero.
Agenda III Foro de Parlamentarios de la Pesca y la Acuicultura de América Lat...FAO
El documento describe el III Foro de Parlamentarios de la Pesca y la Acuicultura de América Latina y el Caribe, que se celebrará en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana del 30 al 31 de marzo de 2017. El Foro revisará los avances en las líneas de trabajo acordadas en el Foro anterior y explorará posibles sinergias con otros mecanismos parlamentarios como los Frentes Parlamentarios contra el Hambre y el Parlamento Latinoamericano. Los objetivos específicos son generar un diálogo legislativo sobre pesca y acu
Programa evento paralelo para la estrategia regional para la grdFAO
Este documento describe un evento paralelo que presentará y buscará apoyo para una nueva Estrategia Regional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Sector Agrícola y la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe. El evento contará con la participación de altos funcionarios del sector agrícola y otros sectores relacionados con la reducción de riesgos de desastres. Se espera que el evento aumente el compromiso con la implementación de la estrategia regional y obtenga insumos desde la pers
El documento propone un plan regional para la gestión del riesgo de desastres, la adaptación y el cambio climático en América Latina. Presenta información sobre los costos de adaptación en la región, los impactos en la agricultura de diferentes países, y bienes públicos de información sobre cambio climático. También resume los impactos en la agricultura de países de América Central y del Sur, y describe el proceso regional propuesto para 2015-2016 para negociar un acuerdo sobre estos temas.
BitLocker es un programa de cifrado de disco de Microsoft que proporciona cifrado de volúmenes enteros en versiones de Windows Vista, Windows 7 y Windows Server 2008. Por defecto, utiliza el algoritmo AES de 128 bits para cifrar los datos en el disco duro y protegerlos. La última versión de BitLocker añade la capacidad de cifrar unidades extraíbles como USB.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 14
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/wca2020bangkok/en/
FAO https://www.fao.org
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
The document summarizes key information from the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 held in Trinidad and Tobago. It discusses two themes: Theme 13 on forestry, which includes items on woodland area and purpose; and Theme 15 on greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 15 includes new proposed items to collect data on livestock grazing practices, manure management, and crop residues that can help estimate agricultural GHG emissions. Country experiences from Italy and Chile providing examples of how they have collected forestry and environmental data in previous agricultural censuses are also summarized.
Policy to promote agroforestry in EuropePatrickTanz
The document summarizes recommendations for European policy to better promote agroforestry. It identifies five key agroforestry practices and recommends their recognition in the CAP. It suggests ensuring direct payments for agroforestry associated with arable lands, permanent grasslands, and crops. It also recommends supporting agroforestry establishment, improved management, and farm-scale carbon accounting initiatives through Pillar II of the CAP. The recommendations aim to recognize the environmental and economic benefits of agroforestry while simplifying administration and incentives.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
The document discusses several items included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background information on some key items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, legal status and sex of agricultural holders, and main purpose and economic activities of holdings. For each item, it describes the type of item, reference period, importance, and suggestions for response categories. It also shares some country experiences in collecting these types of census items.
This document provides an overview of a course on environmental education. The objectives of the course are to:
1) Understand the concept and characteristics of environmental education from various aspects.
2) Develop awareness, understanding, and concern about environmental problems and solutions.
3) Teach and learn about the environment through experiential learning.
4) Develop skills to apply theoretical understanding to practical aspects of environmental issues.
Serbia Theme 6 and 7 Agricultural practices and services: Technical Session 9ExternalEvents
The document summarizes key aspects of the 2012 Census of Agriculture in Serbia, including methodology, main results, and items on agricultural practices and services that were included. Over 630,000 agricultural holdings were surveyed about topics such as land use, machinery, crops, livestock, irrigation, tillage practices, organic farming, use of fertilizers and loans. Results showed most land was conventionally tilled and about two-thirds was treated with pesticides or fertilizers. Around 12% of holdings irrigated crops, primarily using groundwater and surface irrigation.
The document discusses whether European agricultural policy could do more to promote biodiversity. It summarizes the biodiversity targets in the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 and finds a lack of progress towards these goals. It then analyzes specific CAP measures introduced in 2013, such as ecological focus areas and permanent grassland protections, finding they have limited additionality and environmental benefits. The document concludes by outlining upcoming opportunities and challenges for strengthening the CAP's support of biodiversity objectives in the next reform period.
Reconciling food production, forest conservation and landscape restoration in...IIED
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for reconciling food production, forest conservation, and landscape restoration in Ethiopia. It notes that agricultural expansion has been the primary driver of deforestation and biodiversity loss in Ethiopia, with 70% of new agricultural land coming at the expense of forests between 2001-2012. While Ethiopia has ambitious plans to increase food production and restore forests by 2030, there are tensions between these targets and historical trends of rapid deforestation. Key challenges include sectoral divisions in government, disconnects between scales of land use planning, and short-term incentives that prioritize agricultural conversion over forest protection. Overcoming these political economic barriers will be vital for Ethiopia to achieve sustainable land use and development.
This document discusses agroforestry as an essential tool for climate resilience. It summarizes that by 2050, food production will need to increase 60% on the same land area while making farms more resilient to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Agroforestry brings many benefits like increased soil fertility and crop yields through the use of fertilizer trees. Studies show agroforestry systems can produce higher yields than chemical fertilizers alone. Agroforestry also improves climate resilience by buffering weather impacts and storing large amounts of carbon in soils and trees. The document argues agroforestry is key to achieving food security and climate goals by 2050 by sustainably increasing production while reducing emissions and adapting to climate change.
Serbia Theme 3 Irrigation: Technical Session 6ExternalEvents
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 13
1. Regional Roundtable
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Budapest, Hungary
3-7 April 2017
Oleg Cara
Agricultural Census and Survey Team
FAO Statistics Division
Theme 13 and 15: Forestry and
Environment/greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
Technical Session 13
1
3. Background
Theme 13: Forestry refers to forest and other
wooded areas on the agricultural holding.
In order to harmonize with the new concepts
and classifications from the SEEA 2012*, some
items from the WCA 2010 have changed as
follow:
• The wording “forest and other wooded land”
changed to: “woodland”.
Units engaged in forestry are not covered
unless they also had some crop or livestock
production activities. In order to have a
complete picture of forestry activities in a
country, all forestry holdings should be included
and not just those associated with an
agriculture holding: Forestry census.
3
*SEEA: System of Environmental-Economic accounting. United National Statistical
Commission 2012
4. Importance of forestry
4*XIV World Forestry Congress. Durban, South Africa, Sept. 2015
One-third of the world’s people depend on
forest goods and services for the direct
provision of food, wood fuel, building
materials, medicines, employment and cash
income.
Forests are not only important for the people
who live in them, but also for those living in
adjacent landscapes.*
Agro-forestry plays an important role in soil
conservation, livestock production and
environmental preservation.
5. Items
Theme 13: Forestry comprises 4 items
(for the holding)
1301 Presence of woodland on the holding; (frame item)
1302 Area of woodland;
1303 Purposes of the woodland;
1304 Whether agroforestry is practiced (frame item)
5
6. Item 1301: Presence of woodland on the
holding
Type: Frame item.
Reference period: Census reference day
Concept:
If some area of the holding is classified as “forest and other wooded land” in Land
item 0202, then the holding contains wooded areas. However, this may not be sufficient
for identifying all holdings with wooded areas potentially usable for forestry activities or
other purposes because:
• Land use classification is based on the concept of main use of the land.
For example, “land under permanent meadows and pastures” may span over 0.5 ha, with higher than 5m and
crown cover of more than 10%. To identify all holdings with forest and other wooded land, data on secondary
land use are needed.
• The criterion of spanning over 0.5 ha limits capacity of the land-use approach for
identifying all holdings with wooded areas potentially usable for forestry. In some
countries, small wooded areas on holdings may play an important role in sustaining
livelihoods.
Because of the above considerations, the concept of woodland is introduced here. It refers
to the area of land satisfying all criteria for either forest land or other wooded land
except the criterion of spanning over 0.5 ha. 6
7. Item 1302: Area of woodland
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference day
Concept: This item collects data on the total area of woodland on the
holding as defined in item 1301 further subdivided into various components:
7
those areas that span less than 0.5 ha
and satisfy all other criteria for either
forest land or other wooded land.
a. Forest land as primary land use;
b.Other wooded land as primary land use;
c. Forest land as secondary land use on
agricultural land
d.Other wooded land as secondary land use
on agricultural land
e. Other Woodland
land classified as “forest land” and
“other wooded land” in the land use
classification (Item 0202);
those areas on the holding that satisfy the
criteria for forest land and other wooded land,
but were classified as agricultural land
according to their primary land use.
(Agricultural land covers arable land, land under
permanent crops, and permanent meadows and
pastures.)
8. Item 1303: Purposes of woodland (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item relates to all woodland on the
holding, including all categories listed in Item 1302.
8
Purposes:
• Production: Wood and non-wood
• Soil and water protection: - protection of soils from wind and water
erosion.
• Improving agricultural production: - trees integrated into
agricultural systems, providing a range of benefits in terms of restoring
or sustaining soil fertility and boosting food production.
• Social and cultural values: when forest area is primarily designated
or managed for spiritual or cultural values or practices.
• Recreation and ecotourism: Such as Agrotourism and ecotourism,
which can conserve natural resources, provide employment
opportunities and boost the rural economy
• Other: with not specific function
9. Item 1304: Whether agroforestry is practiced
(for the holding)
Type: Frame item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Agroforestry is a sustainable land
management system in which forest species of trees and
other wooded plants are purposely grown on the same
land as agricultural crops or livestock, either concurrently
or in rotation. Agroforestry includes:
agrosilvicultural (trees and crops)
silvopastoral (trees and livestock),
agrosilvipastoral (trees, crops and livestock)
systems.
9
Notes:
• Agroforestry refers to specific forestry practices that complement agricultural activities,
such as by improving soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, improving watershed
management, or providing shade and food for livestock.
• Countries need to develop their own procedures to collect data on agroforestry systems.
Some may wish to collect data on specific agroforestry activities.
10. Theme 15:
Environment/greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
10
Background
Sources of GHG emissions
GHG items on livestock production
subsector
GHG items on crop production
subsector
Concepts and definitions
Country experiences
Contents
11. Background
Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), countries should produce and regularly report their GHG
emissions from all sectors, including agriculture to monitor the
achievement of their targets.
In response to the growing demand for basic agro-environmental data on
GHG and ammonia emissions, the WCA 2020 introduced this new
theme (theme 15) with items covering relevant crop and livestock
production subsectors.
Theme 15 gives possibility for countries to establish the baseline for
reports and provide a frame for periodic sample surveys. (Some of the
items are already covered in other themes of the WCA 2020)
11
12. Sources of GHG emissions in
agriculture
12
• Enteric Fermentation • Crop Residues
• Manure Management • Cultivation of Organic Soils
• Rice Cultivation • Burning – Savanna
• Synthetic Fertilizers • Burning - Crop Residues
• Manure applied to Soils • Energy Use in Agriculture
• Manure left on Pasture
13. GHG items on livestock production
subsector
Relevant existing items (explained in Theme 5):
0501: Type of livestock system
0504: Number of animals: age and sex (for each livestock type)
0505: Number of animals according to purpose (for each livestock type).
New items (Theme 15):
1501 Type of animal grazing practices
1502 Manure application
1503 Manure management system
1504 Final use of the treated manure.
13
14. Item 1501: Type of animal grazing
practices
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Animal grazing has a significant
impact on the quality of pastures. Combining
the information from the livestock theme
with types grazing improves estimation of
the status of pastures – non-degraded,
moderately degraded or severely
degraded. Importantly, this item allows for
more accurate estimation of the area in
which manure is left on pasture.
14
15. Item 1501: Type of animal grazing
practices (contd.)
Types of animal grazing:
Grazing on the holding:
•Area grazed during the year
•Number of animals
•Fraction of the year with animals on pasture
Common pasture grazing:
•Number of animals
•Fraction of the year with animals on pasture
(e.g. <3; 3-6; 6-9; 9> months).
15
16. Item 1502: Manure application
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Note: This item is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental
indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions. Not
applicable to holdings with a nomadic livestock system.
Categories for manure application:
• Percentage of holding’s pastures on which the manure is left on pasture
• Fraction of manure left on pasture that is removed for use as fuel (0; 50%
or less; more than 50%; all manure removed)
• Agricultural area on which solid/farmyard manure is applied (spread)
• Agricultural area on which slurry is applied (spread)
• Manure directly daily spread on the field.
16
17. Item 1503: Manure management
system
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Note: This item is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental
indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions. Not
applicable to holdings with a nomadic livestock system.
17
18. Item 1503: Manure management
system (contd.)
Categories:
18
Availability of
storage facilities for:
Solid/farmyard manure
Liquid manure
Slurry
Type of storage
facilities used:
For all manure:
•Digesters(biogas
reactors)
For slurry:
•Slurry tank
•Anaerobic lagoon
•Aerobic treatment
Covered or open
storage facilities:
Solid/farmyard
manure
Liquid manure
Slurry
19. Item 1504: Final use of the treated
manure
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item refers to percentage use of manure exiting the
manure management system, and applicable to all holdings with a non-
nomadic type of livestock system.
Categories:
• Applied as fertilizers
• Used for fuel (manure used for production of energy, it does not include
manure left on pasture, collected and dried for dung cakes already
reported in item 1502)
• Used for construction (used as component of construction materials)
• Used as feed
• Other uses (e.g. manure delivered to others for fertilizer). 19
20. GHG items on crop production
subsector
Relevant existing items (explained in Themes 4 and 6):
0411: Use of each type of fertilizer
0412: Area fertilized for each type of fertilizer and major crop type
0610: Type of tillage practices.
New items (Theme 15):
•Submodule on rice cultivation (Rice cultivation accounts for 10% of global
GHG emissions in agriculture, but is significantly higher in rice-producing
countries).
1505 Length of the growing period for rice cultivation
1506 Rice cultivation – irrigation and water regimes
1507 Organic amendments to soils used for rice cultivation
•1508 Crop residues
•1509 Permanent crops – age of plantations. 20
21. Item 1505: Length of the growing period
of the rice cultivation
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Length of the growing period
means number of months between crop
planting and harvest.
21
22. Item 1506: Rice cultivation –irrigation and
water regimes
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item complements the information collected in Theme 3: Irrigation,
specifically for rice irrigation and water regimes.
Water regimes before the growing period:
• Flooded pre-season: the land has been flooded for 30 consecutive days or more just prior to
planting;
• Non-flooded pre-season: the land has been flooded for less than 30 consecutives days or has
not been flooded prior to planting.
Water regimes during the growing period:
• Irrigated – continuously flooded: field with standing water throughout the rice growing
period;
• Irrigated – intermittently flooded: field that has at least one aeration period of more than
three days during the growing period;
• Rice cultivation in rainfed and deep-water area: rice grown of flooded surface, in areas
depending entirely on rain for water supply.
22
23. Item 1507: Organic amendments of
soils used for rice cultivation
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Additionally to information on fertilizers (Theme 4 “Crops”), the
following breakdown of organic fertilizers gives important information on
rice cultivation practices:
• Straw incorporated shortly before cultivation (30 days or less)
• Straw incorporated long before cultivation (more than 30 days)
• Compost
• Farmyard manure
• Green manure
23
24. Item 1508: Crop residues
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Management and use of crop residues may affect the
environment. This item is applicable to all holdings.
Handling of crop residues includes the following:
• Crop/pasture area burnt on the holding: refers to the area of crop/pasture
where crop residues/grass are burned during the reference year.
• Crop residues removed from field: describes the fraction of crop residues
(such as straw, stubble or other plant parts) which is not left on the field.
• Pastures on the holding renewed during the crop year: refers to the area
of pasture that is ploughed and seeded to produce a new grass cover.
24
25. Item 1509: Permanent crops – age of
plantations
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Day of enumeration
Note: In addition to information on permanent crops (Theme 4 “Crops”),
for improving estimates of GHG emissions by sources or removals by
sink, the following information from holdings with commercial orchards is
needed:
• Age of plantations (productive and non-productive)
• Age at which the permanent crops are renewed.
25
26. Country experiences
Italy: General Agricultural Census (GAC) 2010
New queries useful for environment/climate change issues were included in the GAC 2010
questionnaire aimed in particular at improving the preparation of the national GHG
inventory:
26
Q39:Type of animal grazing practices (with the specification of: i) total
number of grazing animals; ii) utilized area and iii) number of months):
•Grazing on the holding
•Grazing on other holdings land
•Common land grazing
Q.41: Storage method by type of animal manure generated in the
holding ( three types of manure were specified: i) dung manure; ii) urine
and iii) slurry):
•Pit (covered; uncovered)
•Tank (covered; uncovered)
•Lagoon covered; uncovered).
27. Country experiences (contd.)
Italy: General Agricultural Census 2010
Q.42: Manure application:
A. Utilised agricultural area treated with manure:
1. Application of dung manure
of which with immediate incorporation (within 4 hours)
2. Application of urine and slurry (fertigation* included), of which:
2.1 Application and immediate incorporation of urine and slurry (within
4 hours) or injection
2.2 Incorporation of manure and slurry within 24 hours
2.3 Incorporation of manure or slurry in strips, or by injection, or
fertigation.
Note: Fertigation is the application of fertilizer with irrigation water
27
28. Country experiences(contd.)
Italy: General Agricultural Census 2010
Q.42: B. The percentage of animal manure taken outside the
holding in relation to the total produced by the holding (sold
or removed for direct use as fertiliser or for treatment
processes):
1. Percentage of solid dung taken off the holding in relation to
the total dung produced
2. Percentage of slurry taken off the holding in relation to the
manure produced.
28
It is estimated that about one-third of the world’s people depend on forest goods and services for the direct provision of food, wood fuel, building materials, medicines, employment and cash income.
In response to the growing demand for basic agro-environmental data on GHG and ammonia emissions, as well as for compilation of nitrogen balances, the WCA 2020 includes a new theme with a set of items that can help countries assess their emissions .
GS: “Agricultural censuses are sources of structural information that, through comparison at different points of time, contribute to the monitoring of environmental changes. In addition, data on the use of environmentally friendly practices and inputs, collected through the census of agriculture, helps decision- makers and planners when adopting measures to mitigate adverse effects.
Thus, the WCA 2020 introduces the possibility for countries to establish the baseline:
To eport GHG and other agro-environmental indicators and
can provide frame information for designing and
conducting periodic sample surveys to collect data necessary for estimation of GHG emissions from the agricultural sector and calculation of other agro-environmental indicators.
Another important use of census information to measure environmental impact is with reference to water management and irrigation. Methods of irrigation, sources of water and final disposal of water used for irrigation are important elements to analyse threats and actual risks to the environment.
The items is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions
The latter process represents the second largest source of GHG agriculture emissions globally.
Cases may exist in which there are both covered and open storage facilities of the same type for one holding. Where feasible, information on the percentage of the capacity of the covered facilities could be asked.
Definitions and notes:
Solid/farmyard manure is excrements (with or without litter) of domestic animals (may include a small amount of urine).
Liquid manure is urine from domestic animals (may include a small amount of excrement and/or water).
Slurry is manure in liquid form, a mixture of excrements and urine of domestic animals (possibly including water and/or a small amount of litter).
Manure removed for use as fuel is dried dung cakes created and burned for fuel.
Directly daily spread means the manure is routinely removed from the confinement facility and is applied to cropland or pasture within 24 hours of excretion; no storage is needed.
Storage facility for solid/farmyard manure usually means a structure with a concrete floor and reinforced concrete or timber walls.
Storage facility for liquid manure/slurry usually means a watertight tank, open or covered, or a lined lagoon for storage of liquid manure/slurry.
Slurry tank is a tank, usually made of impermeable material, used for the storage of slurry. Watertight pits or cellars beneath/integrated in the livestock houses are also included.
Anaerobic lagoon is a pit dug in the soil, usually lined, used for the storage of slurry.
Aerobic treatment is the biological oxidation of manure collected as a liquid with either forced or natural aeration.
Storage facilities for manure are considered covered when they are protected from rain or other precipitation and the cover can reduce ammonia emissions.
Digesters (biogas reactors) are reactors in which animal excreta, with or without straw and/or other materials such as wood shavings, sawdust, etc., are collected and anaerobically digested in a large containment vessel or covered lagoon.
Paragraph 8.15.19 of the WCA 2020 provides the relevant definitions.
1506 Rice cultivation - irrigation and water regimes
Water regimes before the growing period:
Flooded pre-season
Non-flooded pre-season
Water regimes during the growing period:
Irrigated – continuously flooded
Irrigated – intermittently flooded
Rice cultivation in rainfed and deep water area
It is a holding-level item. However, for operational reasons, countries may find it easier to collect the data at field/plot level, as one holding could have different water regimes for different fields.
Straw incorporated shortly before cultivation (30 days or less) means that straw is incorporated to soil no more than 30 days before the cultivation of rice.
Straw incorporated long before cultivation (more than 30 days) means that straw is incorporated to soil for longer than 30 days before the cultivation of rice.
Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substrates, such as from leaves and manure, used to improve soil structure and provide nutrients. Alternatively, it refers to organic substrates subjected to biological decomposition and stabilization and converted into a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to land.
Solid/farmyard manure is excrements (with or without litter) of domestic animals, possibly including a small amount of urine
Green manure/cover crops (GMCCs) are plants that are grown in order to provide soil cover and to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. GMCCs may be sown independently or in association with crops.