This document discusses items and concepts for Theme 6 and 7 (Agricultural Practices and Services for Agriculture) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on the importance of these themes for measuring the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Twelve specific items are outlined covering topics like the use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery/equipment, buildings, product sales, organic practices, seed types, seed sources, and tillage practices. Country experiences collecting data on these items through agricultural censuses are also discussed.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and ServicesFAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 6 covers agricultural practices and theme 7 covers services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and describes several new and existing items to be included. Country experiences collecting relevant data from censuses are also reviewed. The key information presented is on the concepts, definitions, and rationale for specific items related to agricultural practices, services, credit, and infrastructure that could be collected through an agricultural census.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding agricultural practices and services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and details several new and existing items to be covered, including those relating to use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery, buildings, seed types, tillage practices, and fertilizer use. Country experiences from Myanmar's 2010 Census of Agriculture are also presented, which included questions on agricultural practices and tools/machineries used.
The document summarizes technical session 7 of the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 in Budapest, Hungary. It focuses on the theme of crops, including key concepts, 16 proposed items related to permanent and temporary crops, and country experiences collecting crop data. Items collect data on crop types, areas, numbers of trees, fertilizer use, nurseries, and protected cropping. Moldova's 2011 agriculture census collected data on crop areas, types of crops, and distinguished between field and garden plots.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 14
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/wca2020bangkok/en/
FAO https://www.fao.org
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and ServicesFAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 6 covers agricultural practices and theme 7 covers services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and describes several new and existing items to be included. Country experiences collecting relevant data from censuses are also reviewed. The key information presented is on the concepts, definitions, and rationale for specific items related to agricultural practices, services, credit, and infrastructure that could be collected through an agricultural census.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses themes 6 and 7 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding agricultural practices and services for agriculture. It provides background on the importance of these themes and details several new and existing items to be covered, including those relating to use of pesticides, genetically modified seeds, machinery, buildings, seed types, tillage practices, and fertilizer use. Country experiences from Myanmar's 2010 Census of Agriculture are also presented, which included questions on agricultural practices and tools/machineries used.
The document summarizes technical session 7 of the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 in Budapest, Hungary. It focuses on the theme of crops, including key concepts, 16 proposed items related to permanent and temporary crops, and country experiences collecting crop data. Items collect data on crop types, areas, numbers of trees, fertilizer use, nurseries, and protected cropping. Moldova's 2011 agriculture census collected data on crop areas, types of crops, and distinguished between field and garden plots.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 14
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/wca2020bangkok/en/
FAO https://www.fao.org
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
This document summarizes themes 13 and 15 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regional roundtable on forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry and includes 4 items: presence of woodland, area of woodland, purposes of woodland, and whether agroforestry is practiced. Theme 15 covers greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, including sources like enteric fermentation and manure management. It includes new items on livestock grazing practices, manure application, manure management systems, and final manure use. The themes aim to provide data to monitor countries' greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC and establish baselines for future surveys.
Regional Workshop for Monitoring the SDGs related to Food and Agriculture Sector and on the WCA 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to crops for agricultural censuses and surveys. It outlines 16 items across four categories: permanent crops, temporary crops, items for the holding, and key concepts and definitions. The items collect information on crop types, areas, numbers, production, uses of fertilizers, and presence of facilities like nurseries. Agricultural census data on crops is important for understanding agricultural structures and informing decision makers.
This document provides information about Theme 2 (Land) and Theme 3 (Irrigation) from the World Programme on Agriculture Census 2020. It discusses key items to collect for each theme at the holding and parcel level, including total area of holding, land use and tenure, irrigation use and area, and sources of irrigation water. Country experiences collecting these data from agricultural censuses are also reviewed. The document aims to help countries monitor the Sustainable Development Goals related to food and agriculture through improved agricultural census methodology.
Census Theme 5 - Livestock : Technical Session 8FAO
The document summarizes key concepts and methodology for collecting livestock statistics through agricultural censuses. It discusses defining livestock and livestock farming, the importance of livestock statistics, and recommended items to collect, including the number and characteristics of animals by type, births/acquisitions/deaths, purposes, feeding, and veterinary services. Country experiences are also briefly mentioned, such as recording livestock numbers as of a reference date and distinguishing owned/non-owned/communally grazed animals.
Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to collecting data on crops for agricultural censuses. It outlines 16 items within the theme of crops that cover types of permanent and temporary crops, areas harvested and planted, production, fertilizer use, and more. Collecting accurate and comprehensive crop data is important for understanding agricultural structures, production levels, and informing decision makers. Country experiences implementing crop census items are also discussed.
The document summarizes a technical session from a regional roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding livestock statistics. It discusses key concepts like the definition of livestock and livestock farming. It emphasizes the importance of livestock statistics for factors like nutrition, income, and employment. The document outlines the methodology for collecting livestock numbers and characteristics. It details 13 survey items related to livestock, including the number and types of animals, births/acquisitions/deaths, milk production, and feed types. It provides examples of how Uganda and Lesotho have collected livestock data in their agricultural censuses, including numbers by type and sex, as well as stock changes.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items related to the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings that are included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on some key items, including respondent, legal status, sex and age of holder, main purpose and activities. It also discusses some new items such as proportion of income from agriculture, main agricultural activity, and presence and characteristics of a hired manager. Country experiences from Indonesia's 2013 Agricultural Census are presented, showing items collected on identification, location, agricultural activities, main operator, and household income source.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document provides background information and guidelines for collecting data on several items under Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and characteristics of the holder, main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences in collecting these data are also highlighted. The document aims to help countries design their agricultural censuses to obtain essential socioeconomic information on agricultural holdings and holders.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 covers demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age and sex of members, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 examines intra-household distribution of managerial decisions and asset ownership to better understand gender roles in agriculture. It outlines the items and concepts for collecting this information, including who makes decisions about crops, livestock, and who owns land and livestock. Country experiences from Rwanda and Botswana providing examples of how they have collected similar demographic and social data on agricultural households.
Census Themes 12 and 14 – Aquaculture and Fisheries : Technical Session 12FAO
This document summarizes a technical session on aquaculture in agricultural censuses. It defines aquaculture and distinguishes it from capture fisheries. It discusses the importance of aquaculture statistics and outlines items that could be included in an agricultural census to capture aquaculture data, such as the presence, area, production facilities, water sources, and types of aquatic organisms cultivated. Examples of how aquaculture data was collected in the agricultural censuses of Armenia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are also provided.
Legal and Institutional Framework: Technical Session 16aFAO
The document discusses legal and institutional frameworks for agricultural censuses. It covers census legislation within a country's national legal framework, including primary and secondary legislation. The main features of census legislation that are outlined include scope and coverage, responsibilities, frequency, administrative provisions, confidentiality, and sanctions. Ensuring political support is also discussed. The document describes common structures for census executing authorities and coordinating boards at national, provincial, and local levels to plan and implement agricultural censuses.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
This document summarizes themes 13 and 15 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regional roundtable on forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry and includes 4 items: presence of woodland, area of woodland, purposes of woodland, and whether agroforestry is practiced. Theme 15 covers greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, including sources like enteric fermentation and manure management. It includes new items on livestock grazing practices, manure application, manure management systems, and final manure use. The themes aim to provide data to monitor countries' greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC and establish baselines for future surveys.
Regional Workshop for Monitoring the SDGs related to Food and Agriculture Sector and on the WCA 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to crops for agricultural censuses and surveys. It outlines 16 items across four categories: permanent crops, temporary crops, items for the holding, and key concepts and definitions. The items collect information on crop types, areas, numbers, production, uses of fertilizers, and presence of facilities like nurseries. Agricultural census data on crops is important for understanding agricultural structures and informing decision makers.
This document provides information about Theme 2 (Land) and Theme 3 (Irrigation) from the World Programme on Agriculture Census 2020. It discusses key items to collect for each theme at the holding and parcel level, including total area of holding, land use and tenure, irrigation use and area, and sources of irrigation water. Country experiences collecting these data from agricultural censuses are also reviewed. The document aims to help countries monitor the Sustainable Development Goals related to food and agriculture through improved agricultural census methodology.
Census Theme 5 - Livestock : Technical Session 8FAO
The document summarizes key concepts and methodology for collecting livestock statistics through agricultural censuses. It discusses defining livestock and livestock farming, the importance of livestock statistics, and recommended items to collect, including the number and characteristics of animals by type, births/acquisitions/deaths, purposes, feeding, and veterinary services. Country experiences are also briefly mentioned, such as recording livestock numbers as of a reference date and distinguishing owned/non-owned/communally grazed animals.
Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to collecting data on crops for agricultural censuses. It outlines 16 items within the theme of crops that cover types of permanent and temporary crops, areas harvested and planted, production, fertilizer use, and more. Collecting accurate and comprehensive crop data is important for understanding agricultural structures, production levels, and informing decision makers. Country experiences implementing crop census items are also discussed.
The document summarizes a technical session from a regional roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding livestock statistics. It discusses key concepts like the definition of livestock and livestock farming. It emphasizes the importance of livestock statistics for factors like nutrition, income, and employment. The document outlines the methodology for collecting livestock numbers and characteristics. It details 13 survey items related to livestock, including the number and types of animals, births/acquisitions/deaths, milk production, and feed types. It provides examples of how Uganda and Lesotho have collected livestock data in their agricultural censuses, including numbers by type and sex, as well as stock changes.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses items related to the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings that are included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on some key items, including respondent, legal status, sex and age of holder, main purpose and activities. It also discusses some new items such as proportion of income from agriculture, main agricultural activity, and presence and characteristics of a hired manager. Country experiences from Indonesia's 2013 Agricultural Census are presented, showing items collected on identification, location, agricultural activities, main operator, and household income source.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document provides background information and guidelines for collecting data on several items under Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and characteristics of the holder, main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences in collecting these data are also highlighted. The document aims to help countries design their agricultural censuses to obtain essential socioeconomic information on agricultural holdings and holders.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 covers demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age and sex of members, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 examines intra-household distribution of managerial decisions and asset ownership to better understand gender roles in agriculture. It outlines the items and concepts for collecting this information, including who makes decisions about crops, livestock, and who owns land and livestock. Country experiences from Rwanda and Botswana providing examples of how they have collected similar demographic and social data on agricultural households.
Census Themes 12 and 14 – Aquaculture and Fisheries : Technical Session 12FAO
This document summarizes a technical session on aquaculture in agricultural censuses. It defines aquaculture and distinguishes it from capture fisheries. It discusses the importance of aquaculture statistics and outlines items that could be included in an agricultural census to capture aquaculture data, such as the presence, area, production facilities, water sources, and types of aquatic organisms cultivated. Examples of how aquaculture data was collected in the agricultural censuses of Armenia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are also provided.
Legal and Institutional Framework: Technical Session 16aFAO
The document discusses legal and institutional frameworks for agricultural censuses. It covers census legislation within a country's national legal framework, including primary and secondary legislation. The main features of census legislation that are outlined include scope and coverage, responsibilities, frequency, administrative provisions, confidentiality, and sanctions. Ensuring political support is also discussed. The document describes common structures for census executing authorities and coordinating boards at national, provincial, and local levels to plan and implement agricultural censuses.
Census Themes 8 and 10 – Demographic and Social Characteristics and Intra-hou...FAO
This document discusses themes 8 and 10 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Theme 8 focuses on collecting demographic and social characteristics of agricultural households such as household size, age, sex, education level, and marital status. Theme 10 aims to better assess the role of gender in agricultural decision making and asset ownership. It includes collecting data on the sex of household members who make managerial decisions, area/livestock managed by sex, and land/livestock owned by sex. Country experiences providing examples of how these themes have been implemented in past agricultural censuses are also presented.
Roundtable on Countries Census plans, approaches and methodologies.: Technica...FAO
This document discusses participation in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) by FAO member countries. It provides data on country participation by WCA round from 1960 to the planned 2020 round. It also lists the European and Central Asian countries that conducted an agricultural census in the 2010 WCA round and any planned censuses for the 2020 round. Finally, it discusses feedback received from countries during a regional roundtable on missing census metadata and materials to validate for the FAO online census library.
Methodological considerations for the census design : Technical Session 3FAO
The document discusses four main modalities for conducting an agricultural census: the classical approach, modular approach, integrated census/survey approach, and using administrative registers. It provides descriptions of each approach, including key implementation steps, advantages, and limitations. Specifically, it outlines the classical approach as a single one-off operation collecting all information, the modular approach separating core and supplementary modules, and the integrated approach combining censuses and surveys over multiple years.
Census Theme 9 – Work on the holding : Technical Session 11FAO
This document provides background and guidance on work-related items for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It defines key concepts related to work, including own-use production work, employment work, and labour force status. It describes seven items to be included in the census: whether working on the holding is the main activity; working time on the holding; number and working time of employees; labour force status; status in employment; form of payment for employees; and use of contractors. Country experiences from Serbia's 2012 agriculture census are presented as examples.
Census communication and publicity: Technical Session 16bFAO
The document discusses the importance of communication and publicity strategies for agricultural censuses. It notes that the main goals are to raise awareness of the census purpose and ensure cooperation from respondents. An effective strategy involves situational analysis, identifying target audiences, developing messages, selecting appropriate communication channels and tools, and implementing the plan over time. It provides examples of communication materials and channels used in Cambodia and Canada, emphasizing the role of various media, meetings, and promotional items in getting census messages to rural communities. Proper monitoring and sufficient budgets are also highlighted as important for evaluation and success.
Census Tabulation, Archiving and Dissemination : Technical Session 15FAO
The document discusses best practices for tabulating, disseminating, and archiving data from an agricultural census. It provides guidance on developing a tabulation plan, presenting standard statistical tables, using appropriate classification variables and tabulation classes, and producing territorial and cross-tabulated data. The document also covers disseminating preliminary and final census results through various reports and data products while ensuring data quality and metadata documentation.
Overview of the New Features of World Programme for the Census of Agriculture...FAO
The document provides an overview of the new features of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture (WCA) 2020. Some key points include:
1. The WCA 2020 introduces new modalities for census taking including a modular approach and greater use of information technology. It also distinguishes between essential, frame, and additional census items.
2. The census of agriculture is important for agricultural planning, research, and monitoring global initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals. It provides critical data on issues like food security, the environment, and gender.
3. Methodological considerations include different census modalities, use of frames and registers, and integrating census and survey data collection. Relationship to other censuses
Use of Technology for field data capture and compilation : Technical Session 16cFAO
This document summarizes the use of technology for data capture and compilation in agricultural censuses. It discusses computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software, which allows enumerators to record survey responses directly onto tablets or computers instead of paper. CAPI offers advantages like easier survey management, faster data processing, and higher data quality through features like skip patterns and validation. However, CAPI also has disadvantages such as high upfront costs and reliance on connectivity. The document then reviews several popular CAPI platforms and provides examples of countries that have implemented CAPI for agricultural censuses.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF): ): Current status and cap...FAO
The document provides an overview of the Status and Capacity Development Activities for the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). SEEA AFF was developed to provide integrated environmental and economic information for these sectors based on the Central Framework. Capacity development activities include country trainings, implementation plans, and collaborations to support countries in applying SEEA AFF concepts to improve decision making for sustainable development.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Accounting Tools: Accounting ExercisesFAO
The document provides an outline and examples of physical flow accounts and asset accounts from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). It discusses combined presentations that integrate environmental and economic data, and provides an example "Reference Combined Presentation". It also gives descriptions and examples of physical flow accounts for crops, including variables such as production, use, trade, and changes in inventories. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of asset accounts that track changes in environmental asset stocks and flows.
Lineamientos y recomendaciones para la estrategia regional de gestión de ries...FAO
http://www.fao.org/americas/eventos/ver/en/c/471743/
http://www.fao.org/americas/eventos/ver/es/c/471744/
Presentación de Tania Zambrana en Reunión Técnica Elaboración Estrategia Regional para la GIRD de los sectores agrícolas y la seguridad alimentaria, Santiago, 22 y 23 febrero.
Agenda III Foro de Parlamentarios de la Pesca y la Acuicultura de América Lat...FAO
El documento describe el III Foro de Parlamentarios de la Pesca y la Acuicultura de América Latina y el Caribe, que se celebrará en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana del 30 al 31 de marzo de 2017. El Foro revisará los avances en las líneas de trabajo acordadas en el Foro anterior y explorará posibles sinergias con otros mecanismos parlamentarios como los Frentes Parlamentarios contra el Hambre y el Parlamento Latinoamericano. Los objetivos específicos son generar un diálogo legislativo sobre pesca y acu
Programa evento paralelo para la estrategia regional para la grdFAO
Este documento describe un evento paralelo que presentará y buscará apoyo para una nueva Estrategia Regional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en el Sector Agrícola y la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe. El evento contará con la participación de altos funcionarios del sector agrícola y otros sectores relacionados con la reducción de riesgos de desastres. Se espera que el evento aumente el compromiso con la implementación de la estrategia regional y obtenga insumos desde la pers
Smallholder farmers’ perception of the impacts of climate change and variabil...Alexander Decker
- Smallholder farmers in Kenya were interviewed about their perceptions of how climate change has impacted agricultural practices over the past 30 and 10 years.
- Significantly more farmers reported perceiving changes in practices over the past 30 years compared to 10 years, especially in semi-arid regions.
- The two most commonly perceived changes across regions were increased pest/disease control and growing different crops to match changing rainfall patterns.
- Over 80% of farmers perceived changes in productivity over the past 30 years, though the percentage was lower for the past 10 years.
This study evaluated the effects of different nitrogen levels (0, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha) and zinc application timings (control, anthesis, early milking, dough stage) on direct seeded rice. The highest grain yield (4340.93 kg/ha), zinc content (34.83 ppm), and net returns (₹41,275/ha) were obtained from the treatment with 150 kg nitrogen/ha and 0.3% zinc sprayed at anthesis. Spraying zinc at the dough stage maximized zinc content. A positive correlation was found between nitrogen and zinc regarding grain yield and zinc content. The authors conclude that applying 150 kg nitrogen/ha with a 0.3
1. The document discusses integrated weed management (IWM), which aims to control weeds through a coordinated approach using multiple methods, including cultural, mechanical, chemical, and biological control.
2. IWM seeks to minimize herbicide use and prevent the buildup of herbicide-resistant weeds through a combination of prevention, eradication, and control techniques.
3. The principles of IWM include placing crops in competitive advantage over weeds, reducing weed survival mechanisms in soil, and using practices that are flexible, environmentally friendly, and discourage perennial and parasitic weeds.
This document discusses concerns about Bill C-18, known as the Agricultural Growth Act, which would amend Canada's Plant Breeders Rights Act to bring it in line with the 1991 version of UPOV. The key concerns are that it would allow intellectual property rights (IPRs) over seeds, including end-point royalties on harvested crops, and give the government power to restrict farmers' privilege to save and replant seeds. This has implications for seed diversity, resilience of the food system, and control by large seed companies like Monsanto. The document argues for a Farmers' Seed Act that protects farmers' rights.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
This document discusses Theme 1 items from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding the identification and general characteristics of agricultural holdings. It provides background on several items including the identification and location of agricultural holdings, the respondent, legal status and sex of the agricultural holder, and main purpose and economic activities of holdings. Country experiences from Mozambique and Tanzania collecting these types of data in their recent censuses are also summarized. The document aims to describe the concepts and importance of these key identification and characteristic items for agricultural censuses.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristicsFAO
The document discusses several items included in Theme 1 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background information on some key items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, legal status and sex of agricultural holders, and main purpose and economic activities of holdings. For each item, it describes the type of item, reference period, importance, and suggestions for response categories. It also shares some country experiences in collecting these types of census items.
The document summarizes key aspects of plant variety protection and farmers' rights in India. It discusses the history and development of plant intellectual property protection globally and in India. It describes India's Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights (PPVFR) Act of 2001, which established a sui generis system for plant variety protection. The PPVFR Act aims to stimulate investment in plant breeding while also recognizing farmers' contributions and allowing benefit sharing. A PPVFR Authority oversees the implementation of the Act.
Implementing the multilateral system for development:Highlighting links to t...Bioversity International
Michael Halewood presents at the 'Embedding mutually supportive implementation of the Plant Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol in the context of broader national policy goals' workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Nov 16-20, 2015
Find out more about mutual implementation and why it matters
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/research-portfolio/policies-for-plant-diversity-management/mutual-implementation-of-nagoya-protocol-and-plant-treaty/
The document proposes a model to boost agricultural productivity in India through public-private partnerships by having private companies bid on agricultural land at auction, provide farmers with resources and training to produce specified crops using modern techniques, and oversee production and post-harvest management, with the goal of increasing yields, reducing waste, and benefitting both farmers and companies. The model aims to address issues like low investment, declining yields, poor infrastructure and technology, and inadequate post-harvest facilities by leveraging private sector capital and expertise.
1) The document proposes a village model to address problems in Indian agriculture by forming farmer cooperatives to pool resources and operate farms collectively, increasing productivity and incomes.
2) An agro-department would be established to advise cooperatives on crops, techniques, and connect them to research.
3) Private agro-industries could invest by leasing land from villages and paying farmer salaries to grow desired crops using their methods. This benefits farmers, industry, and the government.
Potatoes: Organic Production and Marketing Gardening
This document outlines organic potato production practices including fertility and nutrient management, pest management, harvesting, storage, and marketing. Key points include:
- Organic potato producers must use certified organic seed potatoes unless not commercially available and adhere to certification guidelines excluding synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
- Fertility is managed through animal manures, compost, and crop rotations. Rotations of 4-7 years between potato crops are recommended to reduce pests and build soil health.
- Pest management uses biointensive IPM including rotations with non-host crops, organic matter additions, and biorational controls for insects, diseases, weeds, and nematodes.
- Harvesting, curing
From a local experience of minimum till to a strategy for no-til development ...Joanna Hicks
- CA adoption in France is less than 1% due to human and policy factors that have favored conventional tillage agriculture
- A study of the history of CA in France found that "min-till" systems from the 1970s-2000 focused on high production and inputs rather than soil health or cover crops, limiting adoption rates
- Since 2000 some pioneer farmers discovered no-till systems from Brazil and saw good results but neighbors did not adopt due to ignorance, dependence on conventional opinions, and lack of support
- To increase adoption, no-till farmers in France created an Institute to assess sustainability through indicators, communicate results, and advocate for policies supporting CA and sustainable agriculture
Organic agriculture is an important segment of agriculture in some developed countries, accounting for 10% of the sector in Austria and 7.8% in Switzerland. In many other countries, organic agriculture is growing over 20% annually. While organic farming makes up a small percentage globally, growing consumer demand for organic food and fibers is creating new market opportunities. An organic symbol on products indicates it was produced using organic methods, which focus on process over a specific product. Definitions of organic farming have become more uniform internationally. Transitioning to organic production may initially result in lower yields as synthetic chemicals are removed and biological activity increases. Over time, as soil fertility and ecosystems improve, organic yields can match conventional agriculture. While few countries have policies supporting
The document describes Agricultural Integrated Surveys (AGRIS), a new survey program designed by FAO to provide more timely and relevant agricultural data. AGRIS uses a modular approach with a core annual survey and rotating thematic modules to generate data for indicators like SDGs. It provides a cost-effective way to build sustainable rural information systems. Fifteen countries will implement AGRIS with technical and financial support from FAO and partners like the World Bank and donor agencies.
The document discusses PepsiCo's claim of rights over a potato variety used in its Lays chips in India and the subsequent revocation of that rights registration. It provides context on India's Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, which aims to protect farmer's rights to save and exchange seed while also providing intellectual property protections. The registration of PepsiCo's potato variety was revoked due to a lack of proper documentation and because enforcing the registration would infringe on farmer's rights and public interest. The decision affirms farmer's rights to exchange seed and maintains seed sovereignty, setting an important precedent. Moving forward, the document argues farmer's rights and seed sovereignty must not be compromised and loopholes in the law need
This document provides an overview of a Master Seminar on Integrated Farming Systems presented by S. Sabarinathan. It discusses the current challenges facing agriculture like increasing population and food demand, soil degradation, and climate change. Integrated Farming Systems is presented as a solution to issues like declining agricultural growth and productivity. IFS aims to diversify production, increase income, improve nutrition, and conserve resources. The document outlines the components, objectives, and benefits of IFS, as well as factors that determine the appropriate systems. It provides examples of IFS models and concludes by emphasizing the role IFS can play in sustainable development.
The document discusses the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It provides a history of the treaty and summarizes its key provisions, including the establishment of a Multilateral System to facilitate access to plant genetic resources and benefit sharing, recognition of Farmers' Rights, and promotion of sustainable use. It also discusses India's national programs and policies related to plant genetic resource management and regional/international collaboration on conservation and use of plant genetic resources.
1. The agriculture value chain concept refers to the full range of activities required to bring an agricultural product from farm to final customer. It includes procurement, production, processing, marketing and distribution.
2. The Indian government aims to double farmers' incomes by 2022 by focusing on improving crop and livestock productivity, resource use efficiency, cropping intensity, high value crops and prices received by farmers.
3. Key challenges in Indian agri value chains include resource scarcity, room for improved yields, multiple intermediaries lacking transparency, food losses, and changing consumption trends toward fruits/vegetables and pulses.
This document summarizes the presentation given by G. V. Ramanjaneyulu from the Centre for Sustainable Agriculture to students at the University of Seattle on May 30th, 2013. It discusses the status and concerns around GM crops globally and in India. Key points include: GM crops are only grown on 3.4% of global agricultural land, primarily in the US, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and India for animal feed or fiber; concerns around biosafety, environmental impacts, intellectual property rights and market control; examples of Bt cotton in India and herbicide resistant weeds increasing in the US; and the need for transparent, democratic, and long term regulation that considers technical and social perspectives.
This document summarizes the presentation given by G. V. Ramanjaneyulu from the Centre for Sustainable Agriculture to students at the University of Seattle on May 30th, 2013. It discusses the status and concerns around GM crops globally and in India. Key points include: GM crops are only grown on 3.4% of global agricultural land, primarily in the US, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, and India for animal feed or fiber; concerns around biosafety, environmental impacts, intellectual property rights and market control; examples of Bt cotton in India and herbicide resistant weeds increasing in the US; and the need for transparent, democratic, and long term regulation that considers technical and social perspectives.
International legislation to promote the utilization of plant genetic resources. GBIF Governing Board (GB14) NODES meeting in Amsterdam, 15th October 2007. Dag Endresen (Bioversity/NGB)
1 Developing countries on agro biodiversity rio+20 IIED
This document discusses perspectives on biodiversity, farmers' rights, food security, and climate change from developing countries in light of the Rio+20 Convention. It outlines Community Technology Development Trust's work promoting crop diversification and agrobiodiversity conservation in Zimbabwe and Zambia through community seed banks and seed fairs. These events highlight on-farm conservation and research of local crop varieties as well as seed production, distribution, and storage. The document also examines issues of indigenous seed diversity, farmers' rights, biodiversity training, collaboration with private seed companies, and the need for national policies supporting conservation of plant genetic resources.
Similar to Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Session 9 (20)
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingFAO
The Fifth meeting of the Near East and North African (NENA) Soil Partnership will take place from 1-2 April 2019 in Cairo, Egypt. The objectives of the meeting are to consolidate the NENA Soil Partnership, review the work plan, organize activities to establish National Soil Information Systems, agree to launch a Regional Soil Laboratory for NENA, and strengthen networking. The meeting agenda includes discussions on soil information systems, a soil laboratory network, and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management. The performance of the NENA Soil Partnership will also be assessed and future strategies developed.
This document summarizes the proceedings of the first meeting of the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN). GLOSOLAN was established to harmonize soil analysis methods and strengthen the performance of laboratories through standardized protocols. The meeting discussed the role of National Reference Laboratories in promoting harmonization, and how GLOSOLAN is structured with regional networks feeding into the global network. Progress made in 2018 included registering over 200 laboratories, assessing capacities and needs, and establishing regional networks. The work plan for 2019 includes further developing regional networks, standard methods, a best practice manual, and the first global proficiency testing. The document concludes by outlining next steps to launch the regional network for North Africa and the Near East.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
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ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
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5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Census Themes 6 and 7 - Agricultural Practices and Services : Technical Session 9
1. Regional Roundtable on
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Budapest, Hungary
3-7 April 2017
Theme 6 and 7: Agricultural practices
and Services for Agriculture
Technical Session 9
Oleg Cara
Agricultural Census and Survey Team
FAO Statistics Division
1
3. Background
In the WCA 2020 Programme this theme has been
extended to better cover some critical elements of
sustainability in production systems.
Five new items appear in comparison with the
last WCA Programme.
3
4. Importance of the theme
Countries are more and more aware of the role of
agricultural practices in assuring sustainability of
agricultural production systems.
Data collected through the agricultural census:
help to measure the adoption of and transition to
improved agricultural practices and structural changes
that increase and improve the provision of goods and
services in agriculture in a sustainable manner.
contribute to defining and measuring key indicators of
resource use efficiency and resilience.
4
5. Items
Theme 6 comprises :
12 items included specifically in the theme
5 items related to agricultural practices which correspond to other
themes:
− Whether agroforestry is practised (1304 - Theme 13)
− Type of animal grazing practices (1501-Theme 15);
− Use of each type of fertilizer (0411-Theme 4);
− Area fertilized (0412-Theme 4)
Items on Irrigation (Theme 3)
5
6. Items (contd.)
The 12 items specific to Theme 6 are:
0601 Use of agricultural pesticides
0607 Use of organic agricultural
practices
0602 Use of genetically modified
seeds
0608 Type of seed for each major
crop type
0603 Use of genetically modified
seeds according to crop type
0609 Source of seed inputs for each
major crop type
0604 Selected machinery and
equipment used on the holding by
source
0610 Types of tillage practices
0605 Non-residential buildings
0611 Presence of conservation
agriculture
0606 Percentage of each major
agricultural product sold
0612 Presence of soil conservation
practices 6
7. Item 0601: Use of agricultural pesticides
(for the holding)
Type: Essential item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: Pesticides are materials intended to
mitigate, control or eliminate pests in plants or
animals, or to control the behaviour of physiology of
pests or crops during production or storage.
Pesticides may be:
• Insecticides (substances used to kill/repel insects)
• Herbicides (substances used to destroy or inhibit
the growth of plants such as weeds)
• Fungicides (substances that destroy or inhibit the
growth of fungi)
• Rodenticides (substances used to
kill/repel/control rodents)
• Other
7
8. Item 0602: Use of genetically modified (GM)
seeds (for the holding)
Type: Frame item
Reference period: census reference
year
Concept: This item relates to whether
any GM seeds were used on the
holding. GM crops are grown from
GM seeds which are developed and
proprietary by the private sector and
which poses a novel combination of
genetic material obtained through the
use of modern biotechnology
8
9. Item 0603: Use of genetically modified (GM)
seeds according to crop type (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: This item relates to what types
of GM seeds were used on the holding. It
identifies the specific types of GM crops
that are grown using GM seeds.
9
10. Item 0604: Selected machinery and
equipment used on the holding by source
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: This item identifies machinery and equipment
used on the holding, wholly or partly for agricultural
production. It should exclude:
Machinery and equipment used exclusively for purposes other
than agricultural production
Machinery and equipment owned by the holder but not used
It includes all machinery, equipment and implements.
Note: In Vol I, Annex 7 a classification of machinery and
equipment is provided in order to help identify the type of
machinery and equipment to take in the census.
10
11. Item 0604: Selected machinery and
equipment used on the holding by source
(for the holding) contd.
Concept: Source refers to the means by which the
holder obtained the right to use the specific item.
The following categories are suggested:
Owned solely by the holder or members of his
(her) household;
Owned by the holding jointly with other
holdings;
Provided by the landlord;
Provided by other private holders (excluding
cooperatives);
Provided by a cooperative;
Provided by a private agricultural service
establishment;
Provided by a government agency.
11
12. Item 0605: Non-residential buildings
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: This item identifies non-residential
buildings used by the holding, wholly or partly for
agricultural purposes.
Notes:
The item covers all non-residential buildings
regardless of their physical location
Buildings such as “community storage
facilities” should be included as “other tenure”
form;
Non-residential buildings used exclusively for
purposes other than agricultural purposes
should be excluded.
Data to collect: Number, tenure and size of each
building.
12
13. Item 0605: Non-residential buildings
(for the holding) (contd.)
Type of non-residential building:
• For keeping livestock other than poultry
(area)
• For keeping poultry (area)
•For storing agricultural products (area and
volume)
•For mixed or other purposes (area)
Type of tenure:
•Owned
•Rented
•Other
13
14. Item 0606: Percentage of each major
agricultural product sold (for the
holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: any suitable reference period, such as
the main harvest or the census reference year.
Ranges: Usually, this item is collected in ranges, such as
0-19 percent;
20-49 percent;
50 percent or more.
Where is this item important? In countries with
significant home consumption of agricultural produce.
Which products should include? Only the most
important staple food crops (such as rice, wheat, maize or
cassava).
14
15. Item 0607: Use of organic agricultural
practices (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference day
Concept: Organic agriculture is a holistic
production management system which
promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem
health, including biodiversity, biological
cycles and soil biological activity*. It
includes working toward the achievement of
socially, ecologically and economically
sustainable agro-ecosystems such as by not
using chemical fertilizers, pesticides or GM
crops.
15
16. Item 0607: Use of organic agricultural
practices (for the holding) contd.
Data collection should include:
• Certified organic by a third party accredited
certification body or authority or through
Participatory Guarantee System (PGS).
• In-conversion to certified organic: covering
producers undergoing a conversion process to organic
agricultural systems certified by third party
certification bodies.
• It is also possible to recognize non-certified (de
facto) organic agriculture or products, which
involve agricultural production systems that follow
the principles of organic production but are not
certified by a certification body or PGS. It excludes
systems that do not use synthetic inputs by default
(e.g. systems that lack soil building practices and
degrade land).
16
17. Item 0608: Type of seed for each
major crop type (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: This item refers to whether certified seeds
are being used and whether it belongs to a modern or
farmer’s variety. Certified seeds are those that have
been certified according to the national certification
system.
Types of seeds:
• Certified seed of modern variety;
• Uncertified seed of modern variety (high
yielding or high-response varieties);
• Uncertified seed of farmer’s variety
(landraces or traditional)
• Other.
17
18. Item 0609: Source of seed inputs for
each major crop type (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: This item refers how seeds were acquired. The term
“seed” in this context refers to any planting material: seed,
seedlings, cuttings, small plants or trees
Types of sources:
• Self-production: obtained by setting aside a portion of
the previous year crop for use as seed for the current
crop;
• Exchanges with community: seeds obtained through
loans, gifts or other forms of reciprocal assistance;
• Local market: seeds purchased from markets,
itinerant traders or localized trade networks;
• Seed company: seeds purchased from a seed producer
or supplier through a commercial arrangement;
• Donation: from national or international institutions.
18
19. Item 1304: Whether agroforestry is
practiced (for the holding)
This item corresponds to Theme # 13 (Forestry)
Type: Frame item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: Agroforestry is a sustainable land management
system in which forest species of trees and other wooded
plants are purposely grown on the same land as agricultural
crops or livestock, either concurrently or in rotation.
Agroforestry has impact on soil, water, plants, animals and
atmospheric relations, constituting a sustainable agricultural
practice.
19
20. Item 0610: Types of tillage practices
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item. New item.
Reference period: census reference year
Concept: Tillage refers to arable land of the holding
sown/cultivated in the census reference year. It is the
physical loosening of the soil carried out in a range of
cultivation operations, either by hand or mechanized.
Which is the reason to include this new item?
Tillage practices are controversial: it was traditionally seen as useful and necessary but when
inappropriately practiced, it is one of the major reasons for soil erosion and land degradation.
It is a common understanding that tillage practices should be reduced to a minimum in order to
achieve sustainable intensification of agriculture.
20
21. Item 0610: Types of tillage practices
(for the holding) contd.
Types of tillage practices:
• Conventional tillage (turning over of the soil over the whole area using tillage tools or
equipment such as: mouldboard, disc plough, rotovator, etc. or traditional ploughs of
either wood or iron, drawn by animal power;
• Conservation (low) tillage which is a tillage practice or practices that leave plant
residues (at least 30-35 %) of the soil surface for erosion control and moisture
conservation. It can include:
Reduced/minimum tillage: there is no soil inversion and causes little compaction but it
leaves some ripping lines (the soil normally remains with a good cover of residues on the
surface). A ripper is usually used;
Strip tillage: strips are tilled to receive the seed and the soil along the bands is not
disturbed;
Ridge tillage: system of ridges and furrows. The ridges can be permanent or be constructed
each year.
• Zero tillage or no tillage: does not involve any tillage operations on arable land. After
the seeding operation, not more than 25% of the soil surface is allowed to be disturbed.
21
22. Item 0611: Presence of conservation
agriculture (for the holding)
Type: Additional item. New item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept : In addition to sustainable tillage practices, it is
also important to keep soils covered for protecting them
from the impacts of climatic conditions in order to achieve
sustainable intensification of agriculture.
Three Conservation Agricultural Principles:
• Zero/no tillage (Item 0610) in combination with
• Crop rotations (Item 0612)
• Permanent soil cover.
22
23. Item 0612: Presence of soil
conservation practices (for the holding)
Type: Additional item. New item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept : Soil conservation is a sustainable practice to
prevent and reverse soil degradation through
appropriate land use and management practices. It
includes prevention and reduction of soil erosion,
compaction and salinity, conservation or drainage of
soil water.
Types of soil conservation practices:
• Crop rotation: growing of alternating species or
families of crops in a specific in a planned pattern or
sequence.
• Terracing: terraces on slopping lands mainly used
for erosion control and for growing crops.
23
24. Item 1501: Type of animal grazing practices
(for the holding)
This item correspond to Theme # 15 (Environment, GHG
emissions).
Type: Additional item. New item
Reference period: census reference year
Concept : Animal grazing is practically the only source of
feed for livestock raised under the grazing system (Item
0501).
Which is the reason to include this new item? Animal
grazing has a significant impact in the quality of pastures
which can be non-degraded, moderately degraded or
severely degraded. Combining this information with Theme
5 (Livestock) improves estimation on the status of pastures.
24
25. Items 0411 & 0412: Use of each type of
fertilizer and area fertilized for each type of
fertilizer and major crop type (for the holding)
These items correspond to Theme # 4 (Crops).
Type:
• Use of fertilizers: Essential item.
• Area fertilized: Additional item.
Reference period: census reference year
Reason to include these items in Theme #6. Use of
fertilizers and whether organic or inorganic practices are
followed is important for understanding of sustainable
agriculture practices.
25
26. Irrigation
It corresponds to Theme # 3 (Irrigation).
Irrigation practices are important for
understanding of sustainable agriculture practices.
Relevant items are covered in Theme 3.
26
27. Country experiences
Montenegro: Agricultural Census 2010
• Use of fertilizers: area fertilized and quantity applied by type of fertilizers:
a) mineral; b) natural fertilisers (solid and liquid)
• Tillage methods used for arable land
• Type of animal grazing practices
• Use of agricultural pesticides
• Non-residential buildings: for livestock; storage facilities for natural
fertilisers; other facilities/buildings
• Use of organic agricultural practices
• Selected machinery and equipment
• Percentage of crop and livestock products sold by
selling points (to shops, other holdings, to cooperatives, etc.)
• Irrigation (irrigated area by main crops; irrigation methods)
• Use and type of agricultural pesticides (area treated)
27
28. Regional Roundtable
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Budapest, Hungary
3-7 April 2017
Oleg Cara
Agricultural Census and Survey Team
FAO Statistics Division
Theme 7: Services for Agriculture
Technical Session 9
28
30. Background
Theme 7 refers to services provided for agricultural
production mainly from:
• Suppliers of credit;
• Agricultural information services;
• Agricultural extension services.
It also comprises information about travelling time to nearest
agricultural produce market.
The theme retains all items as in the WCA 2010.
30
31. Importance of Theme 7
• The knowledge of services provided to agriculture is an
important input for decision makers and researchers in order
to assess their influence in agricultural practices and in the
final output of agriculture.
• A map of the coverage of services can be designed from the
information provided by the census of agriculture. Such a
map is an important tool for decision-makers.
31
32. Items
Theme 7 comprises the following items (all of them to be
taken for the holding):
• 0701 Receipt of credit for agricultural purposes
• 0702 Sources of credit
• 0703 Type of collateral for credit
• 0704 Period of loan or credit
• 0705 Sources of agricultural information
• 0706 Sources of agricultural extension services used
• 0707 Travelling time to nearest periodic or permanent
agricultural produce market for selling products.
32
33. Concept of credit for agricultural
purposes
Credit for agricultural purposes refers to any type of credit approved and
available for purposes related to the operation of the agricultural holding.
Notes:
•It includes: credit for purchasing crop and livestock inputs, constructing farm
buildings, purchasing farm machinery.
•It does not include: credit not related to agricultural operations such as for
construction of holder’s house, for other family businesses or for
consumption expenditure.
•The term “credit” is used widely to cover the approved ability to borrow
money directly as well as buying goods and services on credit.
•Loan is a subset of credit and means financial resources in cash provided by
formal or informal sources. “Credit” includes loans (in cash) and any other
loan in-kind in the form, for example, of inputs, equipment and machinery.
33
34. Item 0701: Receipt of credit for
agricultural purposes (for the holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: Receipt of credit refers to whether the agricultural
holder used a loan for agricultural purposes during the
reference year and not whether there were outstanding loans
at the time of the census. Credit received by the holder as well
as members of his/her household should be included.
34
35. Item 0702: Source of credit (for the
holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: Source of credit, refers to who provided the credit. The specific
source class will depend on the institutional arrangements for credit in
the country.
Typical groups are:
Note: A holder may have made use of credit on more than one occasion
during the census reference year and therefore more than one source
may be reported.
• Commercial bank
• Agricultural development bank
• Cooperative credit society
• Money lender
• Input supplier
• Self-help group
• Family/friends;
• Government
• Other sources.
35
36. Item 0703: Type of collateral for credit (for the
holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: Collateral is defined as assets pledged as security for a loan of money. It means
that if the borrower defaults on the terms of the loan, the collateral may be sold and the
proceeds used to pay off the loan.
Notes:
In the context of the census, “ collateral” is used in a wider sense to also cover a
guarantee provided for the purchase of goods and services.
Types of collaterals are:
The holder’s land
Other assets such as the machinery and equipment purchased with the loan;
Other type of collateral (purchase of goods and services on credit based on
agreements to pay at a later date).
Credit may be received without any collateral on a personal guarantee basis.
A holder may have made use of credit on more than one occasion during the census
reference year and therefore more than one type of collateral may be reported. 36
37. Item 0704: Period of loan or credit (for
the holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: This item refers to the period over which the loan or credit is to
be paid off as agreed at the time the loan was received.
Note: If the credit was received more than once during the reference year,
the period to be reported is the one for the loan or credit of highest value.
Typical ranges for reporting on this item are:
•Less than 12 months
•12-35 months
•36 months or more.
37
38. Item 0705: Sources of agricultural information
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: This item refers to where the holder received information to help
manage the agricultural holding.
Sources of agricultural information are:
Examples of type of information included: weather; selection of crop varieties;
new agricultural practices; farm machinery; credit facilities; plant diseases and
pests; marketing; commodities and crop varieties promoted by the government.
• Extension services
• Radio
• Television
• Newspapers
• Agricultural newspapers
• Input agencies
• Internet
• Other farmers
• Other
38
39. Item 0706: Sources of agricultural extension
services used (for the holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Concept: Agricultural extension refers to the provision of agricultural advice
and information to crop and livestock producers.
Providers of extension services:
• Government institutions; Non-government institutions; Farmer
organizations; Educational institutions; Informal grassroots
organizations; Other
Typical source categories are :
• Government organization:
o For crop production
o For livestock production
• Farmer association
• Other
39
40. Item 0707: Travelling time to nearest periodic or
permanent agricultural produce market for selling
products (for the holding)
Type: Additional item.
Reference period: Census reference year.
Ranges suggested to express the travelling time are:
• Up to 30 minutes
• More than 30 to 60 minutes
• More than 60 to 120 minutes
• More than 2 hours.
Notes:
This item is included to help assess how easy is to farmers to access markets.
Sometimes, travelling times vary according to, for example, the wet and dry seasons
and some countries may wish to collect these data for the different seasons.
Periodic or permanent agricultural produce market refers to a market where farms can
bring their produce for sale and they may operate every day or on certain days of the
week.
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41. Country experiences
Montenegro, Agricultural Census 2010
Use by holding of:
• Services in crop production (e.g. tillage, use of fertilisers and pesticides)
• Services in livestock production (grazing, feeding cattle, etc.)
• Services of producers’ associations (purchase of machinery, etc.)
• Bank services (use of loans for agricultural production), etc.
Support (subsidies) for:
• Livestock production
• Crop production
• Investment in agriculture through rural development measures
• Organic agriculture
• Using of mountain pastures, etc.
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The Theme on Agricultural Practices has been extended to better cover some critical elements of sustainability in production systems.
It covers only those items suitable for collection in the agricultural census and therefore does not provide a comprehensive set of items needed to measure sustainability of agricultural practices.
Five new items appear in coparison with the last WCA Programme.
Countries are more and more aware of the role of agricultural practices in assuring sustainability of agricultural production systems.
Data collected through the agricultural census will help to measure the adoption of and transition to improved agricultural practices and structural changes that increase and improve the provision of goods and services in agriculture in a sustainable manner.
These data can also contribute to defining and measuring key indicators of resource use efficiency and resilience.
Theme 6 comprises 17 items:
12 are included specifically in the theme
The other 5 although related to agricultural practices, correspond to other themes:
Whether agroforestry is practised (Theme 13)
Type of animal grazing practices (Theme 15); This item is covered in Theme 15 GHG
Use of each type of fertilizer (Theme 4); This item is covered in Theme 4: Use of fertilizers and wheather organic or inorganic practices are followed is important for sustainable agricultural practices.
Area fertilized for each type of fertilizer and major crop type (Theme 4)
Irrigation practices are also important for understanding of sustainable agricultural practices (Theme 3)
These last 5 items have been relisted to highlight their contribution to sustainable practices.
Essential items:
Part of the items considered the minimum data set that all countries should collect, regardless the methodological approach used.
They are important to compile the minimum set of national indicators on the agricultural sector needed for agricultural policy making and planning. Data for this item are required for small administratuve units such as district village.
Pesticides (sometimes called ‘’agricultural chimicals’’)
This is a frame and new item and component of an existent additional item ‘’0603’’ Use of genetically modified (GM) seeds according to crop type’’ in the WCA 2020 Programme. Is directly relevant to frame construction for the suplementary modules for countries using the Modular Approach and for subsequent surveys.
This item is an additional item that can be included in the census if appropariate for country with no distinction regarding their particular suitability for the classical or modular approach.
A broad concept of machinery and equipment is used for the agricultural census, covering all machinery, equipment and implements used as inputs to agricultural production. This inlcudes everythink from simple hand tools such as HOE, to complex machinery
Examples are: harvesters, tractors, complex machinery, animal powered equipment, hand tools. It includes all type but the main interest centres on farm mechanizatio
Examples are: harvesters, tractors, complex machinery, animal powered equipment, hand tools. It includes all type but the main interest centres on farm mechanizatio
Identification in the category “For storing agricultural products (area or volume)” together with the detailed categories of Item 0107 “Main purpose of production of the holding” can be used to develop a frame of holdings for a more detailed survey of farm food stocks for sale. For instance, it would allow development of a frame of grain producers entering into the market – that is, holdings with storage facilities producing mainly for sale or mainly for own consumption with some sales, while identifying the capacity of the storage facility.
When intended for the purpose of creating a frame for a detailed stocks survey, the following more detailed categories are recommended for the category “For storing agricultural products (area or volume)” in order to identify the relevant types of storage facilities used by the holding :
‹ For grain crops (area or volume)
‹ For root crops (area or volume)
‹ For fruit and vegetable crops (area or volume)
‹ For livestock products (area or volume)
‹ For other agricultural products (area or volume)
What is organic agriculture?
According to the Codex definition adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO – Codex Alimantarius Commission 1999
http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/
http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/X0075e.htm
Most recently, the Codex Committee on Food Labelling has debated "Draft Guidelines for the Production, Processing, Labelling and Marketing of Organically Produced Foods"; adoption of a single definition for organic agriculture by the Codex Alimentarius Commission is expected at its next meeting in June, 1999. According to the proposed Codex definition, "organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. It emphasises the use of management practices in preference to the use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted systems. This is accomplished by using, where possible, agronomic, biological, and mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic materials, to fulfil any specific function within the system."
7. Organic agriculture is one of several approaches to sustainable agriculture and many of the techniques used (e.g. inter-cropping, rotation of crops, double-digging, mulching, integration of crops and livestock) are practised under various agricultural systems. What makes organic agriculture unique, as regulated under various laws and certification programmes, is that: (1) almost all synthetic inputs are prohibited,3 and (2) `soil building' crop rotations are mandated.4
When covered, soils are better protected from the physical impact of water, wind and direct insolation (exposure to the sun). Soils can be covered with previous-crop residues or cover crops, which also increase biomass. This farming practice is one of the best ways to turn agricultural land into a carbon sink.
Where feasible, information on the percentage of land area under each type of soil conservation should be taken. Other activies related to crop cover apply to soil conservation but are no recommended for collection during the census.
Receipt of credit refers to whether the agricultural holder used a loan for agricultural purposes during the reference year, not whether there were outstanding loans at the time of the census. A holder may have made use of credit on more than one occasion during the year, and therefore more than one source or type of collateral may be reported. Credit received by the holder as well as members of his/her household should be included.
Borrowing money may be done through a lending institution, other organizations, or persons for a specific purpose such as buying a tractor
Extension services refers to advice received through government or non-government extension services, and is covered in more detail in Item 0706.
Item 0706 refers to the source or provider of agricultural extension services used by the holding during the census reference year. It refers to personal contact with extension personnel (including telephone service with user access to a live extension agent) or direct participation in extension activities such as a farm demonstration. It does not include accessing extension material though printed brochures, radio, television, menu-driven recorded telephone messages and services, or the Internet. Also, extension services used should be limited to formal contacts with extension workers specifically employed for that task; advice received from other informal sources should not be included. A farmer may have received extension services from more than one source.
In most countries, the government is the principal provider of extension services through its network of agricultural field staff.
Areas usually covered by extension services:
Farm management; Selection of crop varieties; Use of inputs; Credit; Farm mechanization; Animal health; Plant protection; Sustainable development; Marketing