The document summarizes key information from the Regional Roundtable on the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 held in Trinidad and Tobago. It discusses two themes: Theme 13 on forestry, which includes items on woodland area and purpose; and Theme 15 on greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 15 includes new proposed items to collect data on livestock grazing practices, manure management, and crop residues that can help estimate agricultural GHG emissions. Country experiences from Italy and Chile providing examples of how they have collected forestry and environmental data in previous agricultural censuses are also summarized.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
The document discusses irrigation items for the 2020 World Census of Agriculture. It provides background on new items measuring irrigated area and concepts of fully and partially controlled irrigation. Country experiences measuring irrigation sources from the 2011 Seychelles Census of Agriculture are also presented. The document reviews 10 irrigation items measuring topics like irrigated area by land use and crop types, irrigation water sources and payment, and infrastructure.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
This document summarizes themes 13 and 15 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regional roundtable on forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry and includes 4 items: presence of woodland, area of woodland, purposes of woodland, and whether agroforestry is practiced. Theme 15 covers greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, including sources like enteric fermentation and manure management. It includes new items on livestock grazing practices, manure application, manure management systems, and final manure use. The themes aim to provide data to monitor countries' greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC and establish baselines for future surveys.
This document discusses land as a theme in the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It outlines several key items to measure at the holding and parcel level related to land, including total area of holding, area by land use and tenure types, location and characteristics of parcels, and presence of soil degradation. Definitions and concepts are provided for items like land use classes and tenure types. Country experiences measuring these land items are also highlighted. The theme aims to update land measurement to be consistent with international standards while collecting new data like land use at the parcel level.
The document discusses irrigation items for the 2020 World Census of Agriculture. It provides background on new items measuring irrigated area and concepts of fully and partially controlled irrigation. Country experiences measuring irrigation sources from the 2011 Seychelles Census of Agriculture are also presented. The document reviews 10 irrigation items measuring topics like irrigated area by land use and crop types, irrigation water sources and payment, and infrastructure.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
This document summarizes themes 13 and 15 from the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regional roundtable on forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry and includes 4 items: presence of woodland, area of woodland, purposes of woodland, and whether agroforestry is practiced. Theme 15 covers greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, including sources like enteric fermentation and manure management. It includes new items on livestock grazing practices, manure application, manure management systems, and final manure use. The themes aim to provide data to monitor countries' greenhouse gas targets under the UNFCCC and establish baselines for future surveys.
Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to collecting data on crops for agricultural censuses. It outlines 16 items within the theme of crops that cover types of permanent and temporary crops, areas harvested and planted, production, fertilizer use, and more. Collecting accurate and comprehensive crop data is important for understanding agricultural structures, production levels, and informing decision makers. Country experiences implementing crop census items are also discussed.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
Census Theme 3 - Irrigation : Technical Session 6FAO
This document discusses themes and items related to irrigation for the 2020 World Census of Agriculture. It includes:
- An overview of new essential items on irrigated land area and equipped irrigation areas.
- The importance of irrigation data for understanding farm management, productivity, and environmental impacts.
- Definitions of irrigation concepts and the 10 items on irrigation included in the census, such as irrigated area by land use and irrigation method.
- Details on individual items like irrigated crop areas, water sources, and payment for irrigation water.
- An example from Bangladesh's 2008 agricultural census which collected data on irrigated crop areas and irrigation equipment types.
Serbia Theme 6 and 7 Agricultural practices and services: Technical Session 9ExternalEvents
The document summarizes key aspects of the 2012 Census of Agriculture in Serbia, including methodology, main results, and items on agricultural practices and services that were included. Over 630,000 agricultural holdings were surveyed about topics such as land use, machinery, crops, livestock, irrigation, tillage practices, organic farming, use of fertilizers and loans. Results showed most land was conventionally tilled and about two-thirds was treated with pesticides or fertilizers. Around 12% of holdings irrigated crops, primarily using groundwater and surface irrigation.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
This document discusses land-related items and concepts for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It covers the importance of collecting land data, updated land use classification aligned with SEEA, and key land holding and parcel-level items. These include total area, area by land use and tenure, parcel location, and additional items like soil degradation. Country experiences collecting these data in different ways are also summarized, highlighting both direct collection from respondents and recomposition from other questionnaire answers.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Accounting Tools: Accounting ExercisesFAO
The document provides an outline and examples of physical flow accounts and asset accounts from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). It discusses combined presentations that integrate environmental and economic data, and provides an example "Reference Combined Presentation". It also gives descriptions and examples of physical flow accounts for crops, including variables such as production, use, trade, and changes in inventories. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of asset accounts that track changes in environmental asset stocks and flows.
Development of the bioenergy supply chain in TIAM-FRIEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes a presentation on developing the bioenergy supply chain in the TIAM-FR energy system model. It introduces new structures for modeling energy crops and solid biomass sources. For energy crops, individual crop types are modeled along with their production costs and yields. For solid biomass, sources include forestry, agricultural residues, and trees outside forests. Estimating the potential supply of different biomass resources involves accounting for food demand, livestock needs, and other constraints on available land and forests.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
Effect of Grazing Land Improvement Practices on Herbaceous production, Grazin...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The effects of different grazing land improvement practices on herbaceous production, grazing capacities and their economics were studied in Ejere district, west Shoa zone, Ethiopia. Four different treatments, i.e., application of Urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), cattle manure, wooden ash, and a control/no application) were randomly applied to the study plots in three replications for each treatment. All experimental plots were fenced throughout the study period. The application of urea and DAP significantly increased grass (3620.86 kg ha-1) and total biomass production (5742.93 kg ha-1). Of the 6 herbaceous species recorded in the Urea and DAP plots, four of them were grasses with Setaria verticellata having the highest percentage composition (35.54%) while the control plot was dominated by Cyperus rotundus (31.5%) and Cerastium octandrum (31.5%). Less land is required to maintain a tropical livestock unit (TLU) in Urea and DAP applied plots (0.03 ha TLU-1) than in plots applied with other treatments (mean = 0.09 ha TLU-1). Similar to the result of the biological data, the participants of the grassland day rated the Urea and DAP applied treatment best because of the high production of grass. Considering total biomass production, application of manure was advantageous to the farmers due to increased net benefits and the marginal rate of return is above the minimum accetable rate for this sort of treatment. On the other hand, considering grass production alone, application of Urea and DAP was more profitable for farmers as far as they store and sell it in the dry seasons. In conclusion, we recommend a long-term study to examine the effects of the different treatments on productivity of grazing lands, herbaceous species composition, grazing capacities, livestock, the environment, and their economics.
Land sharing vs sparing: views from an agronomistFrédéric Baudron
1. The document discusses the limitations of the land sparing vs land sharing framework, arguing it focuses too much on tradeoffs and yield without considering synergies between agriculture and biodiversity or farmers' objectives.
2. Forests can provide direct contributions to rural livelihoods and indirect contributions to crop productivity, livestock productivity, and nutrition through a variety of ecosystem services.
3. Both high- and low-input agriculture can maintain ecosystem services if spillover effects are managed and biodiversity is valued through supportive markets and policies.
1) The document examines changes in agroforestry areas in three Vietnamese provinces (Bac Kan, Ha Tinh, and Dac Nong) between 2000-2020, finding decreasing trends overall but increases in some perennial tree-based systems.
2) Drivers of changes included government forest protection policies increasing natural forest area in Bac Kan, reforestation programs converting agroforestry to plantation forest in Ha Tinh, and poverty alleviation programs supporting fruit/perennial trees.
3) Market factors like increasing timber prices and availability of markets for cash crops and perennial tree products also influenced land use changes. Wealthier households tended to maintain or increase agroforestry areas.
This study aimed to identify suitable corridors to connect two fragmented forest reserves in Ghana using cocoa agroforestry. Geographic information system analysis identified two potential corridors between the forest reserves. Baseline economic analysis found that no-shade cocoa farming was currently most profitable but cocoa agroforestry could be competitive if farmers were given payments for environmental services like carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. The study provides guidance on using cocoa agroforestry corridors to increase forest connectivity in Ghana.
2012.06.17 citizens objection letter mangar ddp 2031 to dgtcp haryana secy mo...National Citizens Movement
This document outlines objections to the Mangar Draft Development Plan 2031 (DDP 2031) regarding the inclusion of Aravalli hill areas in an agricultural zone and the activities permitted in that zone. Key points include:
1) The Aravalli hills are classified as forest land and should be separately zoned as a natural conservation area, not an agricultural zone, given their ecological importance as forests, wildlife habitat, and groundwater recharge areas.
2) The 23 activities permitted in the agricultural zone under the DDP 2031 are incompatible with the sensitive nature of the Aravalli hills and will cause environmental damage.
3) For the plan to be valid, the clearance process must
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/en/
This presentation was presented during the Eurasian Soil Partnership workshop that was held on 29 February - 02 March 2016 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and it was made by Seymur Safarli.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 14
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/wca2020bangkok/en/
FAO https://www.fao.org
Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
The document discusses key concepts and items related to collecting data on crops for agricultural censuses. It outlines 16 items within the theme of crops that cover types of permanent and temporary crops, areas harvested and planted, production, fertilizer use, and more. Collecting accurate and comprehensive crop data is important for understanding agricultural structures, production levels, and informing decision makers. Country experiences implementing crop census items are also discussed.
This document summarizes the key items and concepts for Theme 2 (Land) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It discusses the importance of collecting land data at both the holding and parcel levels. At the holding level, essential items include total area, area by land use type, and area by land tenure. Additional parcel-level items cover location, area, land use, tenure, rental terms, shifting cultivation use, and years since clearing. Country experiences in collecting these land data were also reviewed.
This document summarizes a presentation on irrigation data collection for agricultural censuses. It discusses the importance of irrigation data, defines key concepts like fully and partially controlled irrigation, and describes specific irrigation items to collect including area irrigated, irrigation methods, water sources, and payment. Country experiences from Macedonia are provided that collected data on crop area irrigated, irrigation manner, and water sources for their 2007 agricultural census. The presentation emphasizes collecting physical area irrigated rather than total crop area, and distinguishing fully from partially controlled irrigation.
Census Theme 3 - Irrigation : Technical Session 6FAO
This document discusses themes and items related to irrigation for the 2020 World Census of Agriculture. It includes:
- An overview of new essential items on irrigated land area and equipped irrigation areas.
- The importance of irrigation data for understanding farm management, productivity, and environmental impacts.
- Definitions of irrigation concepts and the 10 items on irrigation included in the census, such as irrigated area by land use and irrigation method.
- Details on individual items like irrigated crop areas, water sources, and payment for irrigation water.
- An example from Bangladesh's 2008 agricultural census which collected data on irrigated crop areas and irrigation equipment types.
Serbia Theme 6 and 7 Agricultural practices and services: Technical Session 9ExternalEvents
The document summarizes key aspects of the 2012 Census of Agriculture in Serbia, including methodology, main results, and items on agricultural practices and services that were included. Over 630,000 agricultural holdings were surveyed about topics such as land use, machinery, crops, livestock, irrigation, tillage practices, organic farming, use of fertilizers and loans. Results showed most land was conventionally tilled and about two-thirds was treated with pesticides or fertilizers. Around 12% of holdings irrigated crops, primarily using groundwater and surface irrigation.
Census Theme 1 – Identification and general characteristics : Technical Sessi...FAO
This document discusses several items from Theme 1 (Identification and General Characteristics) of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. It provides background on items such as the identification and location of agricultural holdings, respondent for the holding, legal status and characteristics of the holder, and main purpose and activities of the holding. Country experiences from Armenia's 2014 Agricultural Census are also summarized, which collected information on the location, management, and sector of agricultural holdings.
This document discusses land-related items and concepts for the 2020 World Programme for the Census of Agriculture. It covers the importance of collecting land data, updated land use classification aligned with SEEA, and key land holding and parcel-level items. These include total area, area by land use and tenure, parcel location, and additional items like soil degradation. Country experiences collecting these data in different ways are also summarized, highlighting both direct collection from respondents and recomposition from other questionnaire answers.
SEEA Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Accounting Tools: Accounting ExercisesFAO
The document provides an outline and examples of physical flow accounts and asset accounts from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (SEEA AFF). It discusses combined presentations that integrate environmental and economic data, and provides an example "Reference Combined Presentation". It also gives descriptions and examples of physical flow accounts for crops, including variables such as production, use, trade, and changes in inventories. Finally, it briefly introduces the concept of asset accounts that track changes in environmental asset stocks and flows.
Development of the bioenergy supply chain in TIAM-FRIEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes a presentation on developing the bioenergy supply chain in the TIAM-FR energy system model. It introduces new structures for modeling energy crops and solid biomass sources. For energy crops, individual crop types are modeled along with their production costs and yields. For solid biomass, sources include forestry, agricultural residues, and trees outside forests. Estimating the potential supply of different biomass resources involves accounting for food demand, livestock needs, and other constraints on available land and forests.
This document discusses community-level data collection for agricultural censuses. It recommends collecting key administrative data on communities to complement farm-level census data. Examples of community data include infrastructure, services, economic activities and weather conditions. Tabulating community data by classification variables allows analysis of farm data grouped by community characteristics. While optional, community surveys provide useful information for development planning with low additional costs. Country experiences show collecting data on land, households, services and development projects at the community level.
Effect of Grazing Land Improvement Practices on Herbaceous production, Grazin...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— The effects of different grazing land improvement practices on herbaceous production, grazing capacities and their economics were studied in Ejere district, west Shoa zone, Ethiopia. Four different treatments, i.e., application of Urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), cattle manure, wooden ash, and a control/no application) were randomly applied to the study plots in three replications for each treatment. All experimental plots were fenced throughout the study period. The application of urea and DAP significantly increased grass (3620.86 kg ha-1) and total biomass production (5742.93 kg ha-1). Of the 6 herbaceous species recorded in the Urea and DAP plots, four of them were grasses with Setaria verticellata having the highest percentage composition (35.54%) while the control plot was dominated by Cyperus rotundus (31.5%) and Cerastium octandrum (31.5%). Less land is required to maintain a tropical livestock unit (TLU) in Urea and DAP applied plots (0.03 ha TLU-1) than in plots applied with other treatments (mean = 0.09 ha TLU-1). Similar to the result of the biological data, the participants of the grassland day rated the Urea and DAP applied treatment best because of the high production of grass. Considering total biomass production, application of manure was advantageous to the farmers due to increased net benefits and the marginal rate of return is above the minimum accetable rate for this sort of treatment. On the other hand, considering grass production alone, application of Urea and DAP was more profitable for farmers as far as they store and sell it in the dry seasons. In conclusion, we recommend a long-term study to examine the effects of the different treatments on productivity of grazing lands, herbaceous species composition, grazing capacities, livestock, the environment, and their economics.
Land sharing vs sparing: views from an agronomistFrédéric Baudron
1. The document discusses the limitations of the land sparing vs land sharing framework, arguing it focuses too much on tradeoffs and yield without considering synergies between agriculture and biodiversity or farmers' objectives.
2. Forests can provide direct contributions to rural livelihoods and indirect contributions to crop productivity, livestock productivity, and nutrition through a variety of ecosystem services.
3. Both high- and low-input agriculture can maintain ecosystem services if spillover effects are managed and biodiversity is valued through supportive markets and policies.
1) The document examines changes in agroforestry areas in three Vietnamese provinces (Bac Kan, Ha Tinh, and Dac Nong) between 2000-2020, finding decreasing trends overall but increases in some perennial tree-based systems.
2) Drivers of changes included government forest protection policies increasing natural forest area in Bac Kan, reforestation programs converting agroforestry to plantation forest in Ha Tinh, and poverty alleviation programs supporting fruit/perennial trees.
3) Market factors like increasing timber prices and availability of markets for cash crops and perennial tree products also influenced land use changes. Wealthier households tended to maintain or increase agroforestry areas.
This study aimed to identify suitable corridors to connect two fragmented forest reserves in Ghana using cocoa agroforestry. Geographic information system analysis identified two potential corridors between the forest reserves. Baseline economic analysis found that no-shade cocoa farming was currently most profitable but cocoa agroforestry could be competitive if farmers were given payments for environmental services like carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. The study provides guidance on using cocoa agroforestry corridors to increase forest connectivity in Ghana.
2012.06.17 citizens objection letter mangar ddp 2031 to dgtcp haryana secy mo...National Citizens Movement
This document outlines objections to the Mangar Draft Development Plan 2031 (DDP 2031) regarding the inclusion of Aravalli hill areas in an agricultural zone and the activities permitted in that zone. Key points include:
1) The Aravalli hills are classified as forest land and should be separately zoned as a natural conservation area, not an agricultural zone, given their ecological importance as forests, wildlife habitat, and groundwater recharge areas.
2) The 23 activities permitted in the agricultural zone under the DDP 2031 are incompatible with the sensitive nature of the Aravalli hills and will cause environmental damage.
3) For the plan to be valid, the clearance process must
http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/en/
This presentation was presented during the Eurasian Soil Partnership workshop that was held on 29 February - 02 March 2016 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan and it was made by Seymur Safarli.
Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissionsFAO
This document summarizes key points from a technical session on themes 13 and 15 of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 regarding forestry and greenhouse gas emissions. Theme 13 covers forestry items like the presence, area, and purpose of woodland on agricultural holdings. Theme 15 introduces items to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from crop and livestock production, such as animal grazing practices, manure management, and rice cultivation methods. Country experiences implementing similar forestry and emissions items in agricultural censuses are also presented.
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emiss...FAO
Census Themes 13 and 15 –Forestry and Environment/Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission : Technical Session 14
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/wca2020bangkok/en/
FAO https://www.fao.org
Policy to promote agroforestry in EuropePatrickTanz
The document summarizes recommendations for European policy to better promote agroforestry. It identifies five key agroforestry practices and recommends their recognition in the CAP. It suggests ensuring direct payments for agroforestry associated with arable lands, permanent grasslands, and crops. It also recommends supporting agroforestry establishment, improved management, and farm-scale carbon accounting initiatives through Pillar II of the CAP. The recommendations aim to recognize the environmental and economic benefits of agroforestry while simplifying administration and incentives.
This document provides an overview of a course on environmental education. The objectives of the course are to:
1) Understand the concept and characteristics of environmental education from various aspects.
2) Develop awareness, understanding, and concern about environmental problems and solutions.
3) Teach and learn about the environment through experiential learning.
4) Develop skills to apply theoretical understanding to practical aspects of environmental issues.
The document discusses whether European agricultural policy could do more to promote biodiversity. It summarizes the biodiversity targets in the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 and finds a lack of progress towards these goals. It then analyzes specific CAP measures introduced in 2013, such as ecological focus areas and permanent grassland protections, finding they have limited additionality and environmental benefits. The document concludes by outlining upcoming opportunities and challenges for strengthening the CAP's support of biodiversity objectives in the next reform period.
This document provides information about Theme 2 (Land) and Theme 3 (Irrigation) from the World Programme on Agriculture Census 2020. It discusses key items to collect for each theme at the holding and parcel level, including total area of holding, land use and tenure, irrigation use and area, and sources of irrigation water. Country experiences collecting these data from agricultural censuses are also reviewed. The document aims to help countries monitor the Sustainable Development Goals related to food and agriculture through improved agricultural census methodology.
This document discusses definitions of forests from various perspectives including timber management, conservation, climate change mitigation, and more. It provides definitions from organizations like the UN FAO, UNFCCC, as well as definitions according to Indian law. The document also discusses the importance of forests, components of a forest ecosystem like producers, consumers, and decomposers, threats to forests, and forest cover in India.
Reconciling food production, forest conservation and landscape restoration in...IIED
This document discusses challenges and opportunities for reconciling food production, forest conservation, and landscape restoration in Ethiopia. It notes that agricultural expansion has been the primary driver of deforestation and biodiversity loss in Ethiopia, with 70% of new agricultural land coming at the expense of forests between 2001-2012. While Ethiopia has ambitious plans to increase food production and restore forests by 2030, there are tensions between these targets and historical trends of rapid deforestation. Key challenges include sectoral divisions in government, disconnects between scales of land use planning, and short-term incentives that prioritize agricultural conversion over forest protection. Overcoming these political economic barriers will be vital for Ethiopia to achieve sustainable land use and development.
Forests play a critical role in transitioning to a green economy. Investing in sustainable forest management, conservation, and payment schemes can contribute to green economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental protection. The document recommends catalyzing public and private investments in forests through policy reforms, capacity building, and international cooperation mechanisms such as REDD+ to generate jobs and economic benefits while reducing deforestation and degradation.
Forests play a critical role in transitioning to a green economy. Investing in sustainable forest management, conservation, and payment schemes can contribute to green economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental protection. The document recommends catalyzing public and private investments in forests through policy reforms, capacity building, and international cooperation mechanisms such as REDD+ to generate jobs and economic benefits while reducing deforestation and degradation.
This document discusses agroforestry as an essential tool for climate resilience. It summarizes that by 2050, food production will need to increase 60% on the same land area while making farms more resilient to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Agroforestry brings many benefits like increased soil fertility and crop yields through the use of fertilizer trees. Studies show agroforestry systems can produce higher yields than chemical fertilizers alone. Agroforestry also improves climate resilience by buffering weather impacts and storing large amounts of carbon in soils and trees. The document argues agroforestry is key to achieving food security and climate goals by 2050 by sustainably increasing production while reducing emissions and adapting to climate change.
This document discusses biomass as an energy source. It defines biomass as material derived from plant and animal sources. It notes that forestry, agriculture, and waste are major biomass sources. Globally, biomass contributes 14% of the world's energy. In many developing countries, biomass provides over 90% of energy, while in India it provides around 27% of primary energy. The document discusses various biomass energy technologies and provides criteria for selecting suitable tree species for energy plantations, including rapid growth, high calorific wood, and multipurpose uses. It also summarizes information on biomass resources and potential in India from chapters 12-15 of a reference book from The Energy and Resources Institute.
This document discusses the challenges of adopting a landscape management approach (LSM) for implementing India's Greening India Mission (GIM). It outlines some key challenges, including limited guidance in the GIM guidelines on achieving multiple objectives and managing trade-offs. There are also methodological challenges in selecting appropriate scales, integrating diverse data, addressing complexity and uncertainty, and defining and measuring landscape indicators. Integrating economic analysis and linking projects to decision-making are also challenges. Overall, while LSM is seen as important for GIM, there remain significant challenges to adopting this approach that need to be addressed.
"Valoração Espacialmente Explícita dos Serviços Ecossistêmicos da Floresta Am...UNDP Policy Centre
Apresentação intitulada "Valoração Espacialmente Explícita dos Serviços Ecossistêmicos da Floresta Amazônica Brasileira" (em inglês), proferida por Jon Strand, Consultor do Grupo Banco Mundial, no Seminário Internacional Oportunidades de Negócios para uma Economia Rural Sustentável: A Contribuição das Florestas e da Agricultura, realizado nos dias 14 e 15 de maio de 2019.
Agricultural Residues Management and Value Addition for Sustainable Crop Prod...bookswithniyaz
This document presents information on agricultural residue management and value addition for sustainable crop production. It defines agricultural residues and discusses their importance for soil health and sustainability. It then covers the following topics:
1. Classification of different types of agricultural residues.
2. Global data on production and management of cereal residues from 1997-2021, including amounts burnt, used for livestock, and left on fields.
3. Methods used to calculate crop residue usage, including conversion to livestock feed based on production data and feed conversion ratios.
It emphasizes the role of residues in livestock diets and bedding, as well as trade dynamics and uses in poorer countries. The overall goal is optimizing residue use to benefit the environment and
The Forest Action Plan defines the WBG’s contribution to the global forest agenda.
The Forest Action Plan FY16–20 (FAP) confirms the aim of the World Bank Group (WBG) to strengthen the role of forests in achieving the WBG’s goals of ending extreme poverty and increasing shared prosperity in a sustainable manner by 2030.
The FAP builds on the 2002 WBG strategy, Sustaining Forests: A Development Strategy, which continues to provide the overall framework for WBG engagement in forests, as well as a detailed analysis of the emerging demands coming from client countries.
This document discusses various sources of biomass that can be used for fuel applications. It describes how biomass from agriculture, forestry, plantations and animal husbandry can be processed into fuels. Primary sources include crop residues, woody biomass, animal waste and energy crops. Technologies for converting biomass include direct combustion as well as thermochemical and biochemical processes like pyrolysis, gasification and anaerobic digestion. The document also provides estimates of biomass potential from different sources in various countries and discusses preparation and densification of biomass through processes like drying, grinding and briquetting to improve its fuel properties.
This paper presents data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on global forest ownership. It discusses the complexity of classifying forest ownership given varying land tenure systems. The paper notes that while FAO collects data on forest cover through remote sensing, understanding forest ownership requires collecting information directly from countries. It summarizes available data on forest area and ownership by region, finding gaps in information reported by some countries. The paper aims to contribute to improving FAO's strategy for systematically collecting, analyzing, and reporting data on global forest ownership and tenure rights.
Some highlights on national trends in sustainable forest managementDr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes national trends in sustainable forest management based on reports submitted to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. It finds that deforestation and degradation continue to be serious problems in many developing tropical countries due to lack of alternative incomes and overuse of forests. In contrast, forest cover is increasing in most developed countries through afforestation, though health issues persist. It also notes that decision-making around forests is becoming more participatory and national forest programs are being revised to integrate sustainable development goals.
Mike May-'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'Fundación Ramón Areces
El 1 de febrero de 2017 dedicamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces un simposio internacional a 'Los retos del Planeta y propuestas de soluciones desde la bioeconomía'. Organizado en colaboración con la Asociación BioEuroLatina, fue inaugurado por la Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Carmen Vela. Durante toda la jornada, los ponentes debatieron sobre cómo la bioeconomía, conjunto de actividades económicas que utilizan de manera sostenible los recursos de origen biológico, contribuye a producir alimentos, y energía de soporte para el conjunto del sistema económico.
Similar to Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissions (20)
Agenda of the 5th NENA Soil Partnership meetingFAO
The Fifth meeting of the Near East and North African (NENA) Soil Partnership will take place from 1-2 April 2019 in Cairo, Egypt. The objectives of the meeting are to consolidate the NENA Soil Partnership, review the work plan, organize activities to establish National Soil Information Systems, agree to launch a Regional Soil Laboratory for NENA, and strengthen networking. The meeting agenda includes discussions on soil information systems, a soil laboratory network, and implementing the Voluntary Guidelines for Sustainable Soil Management. The performance of the NENA Soil Partnership will also be assessed and future strategies developed.
This document summarizes the proceedings of the first meeting of the Global Soil Laboratory Network (GLOSOLAN). GLOSOLAN was established to harmonize soil analysis methods and strengthen the performance of laboratories through standardized protocols. The meeting discussed the role of National Reference Laboratories in promoting harmonization, and how GLOSOLAN is structured with regional networks feeding into the global network. Progress made in 2018 included registering over 200 laboratories, assessing capacities and needs, and establishing regional networks. The work plan for 2019 includes further developing regional networks, standard methods, a best practice manual, and the first global proficiency testing. The document concludes by outlining next steps to launch the regional network for North Africa and the Near East.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Census Themes 13 and 15 – Forestry and Environment/GHG emissions
1. Regional Roundtable
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
22-26 May 2017
Adriana Neciu
Agricultural Census and Survey Team
FAO Statistics Division
Theme 13 and 15: Forestry and
Environment/greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
Technical Session 14
1
3. Background
Theme 13: Forestry refers to forest and other
wooded areas on the agricultural holding.
In order to harmonize with the new concepts
and classifications from the SEEA 2012*, some
items from the WCA 2010 have changed as
follow:
• The wording “forest and other wooded land”
changed to: “woodland”.
Units engaged in forestry are not covered
unless they also had some crop or livestock
production activities. In order to have a
complete picture of forestry activities in a
country, all forestry holdings should be included
and not just those associated with an
agriculture holding: Forestry census.
3
*SEEA: System of Environmental-Economic accounting. United National Statistical
Commission 2012
4. Importance of forestry
4*XIV World Forestry Congress. Durban, South Africa, Sept. 2015
One-third of the world’s people depend on
forest goods and services for the direct
provision of food, wood fuel, building
materials, medicines, employment and cash
income.
Forests are not only important for the people
who live in them, but also for those living in
adjacent landscapes.*
Agro-forestry plays an important role in soil
conservation, livestock production and
environmental preservation.
5. Items
Theme 13: Forestry comprises 4 items
(for the holding)
1301 Presence of woodland on the holding; (frame item)
1302 Area of woodland;
1303 Purposes of the woodland;
1304 Whether agroforestry is practiced (frame item)
5
6. Item 1301: Presence of woodland on the
holding
Type: Frame item.
Reference period: Census reference day
Concept:
If some area of the holding is classified as “forest and other wooded land” in Land
item 0202, then the holding contains wooded areas. However, this may not be sufficient
for identifying all holdings with wooded areas potentially usable for forestry activities or
other purposes because:
• Land use classification is based on the concept of main use of the land.
For example, “land under permanent meadows and pastures” may span over 0.5 ha, with higher than 5m and
crown cover of more than 10%. To identify all holdings with forest and other wooded land, data on secondary
land use are needed.
• The criterion of spanning over 0.5 ha limits capacity of the land-use approach for
identifying all holdings with wooded areas potentially usable for forestry. In some
countries, small wooded areas on holdings may play an important role in sustaining
livelihoods.
Because of the above considerations, the concept of woodland is introduced here. It refers
to the area of land satisfying all criteria for either forest land or other wooded land
except the criterion of spanning over 0.5 ha.
6
7. Item 1302: Area of woodland
(for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference day
Concept: This item collects data on the total area of woodland on the
holding as defined in item 1301 further subdivided into various components:
7
those areas that span less than 0.5 ha
and satisfy all other criteria for either
forest land or other wooded land.
a. Forest land as primary land use;
b.Other wooded land as primary land use;
c. Forest land as secondary land use on
agricultural land
d.Other wooded land as secondary land use
on agricultural land
e. Other Woodland
land classified as “forest land” and
“other wooded land” in the land use
classification (Item 0202);
those areas on the holding that satisfy the
criteria for forest land and other wooded land,
but were classified as agricultural land
according to their primary land use.
(Agricultural land covers arable land, land under
permanent crops, and permanent meadows and
pastures.)
8. Item 1303: Purposes of woodland (for the holding)
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item relates to all woodland on the
holding, including all categories listed in Item 1302.
8
Purposes:
• Production: Wood and non-wood
• Soil and water protection: - protection of soils from wind and water
erosion.
• Improving agricultural production: - trees integrated into
agricultural systems, providing a range of benefits in terms of restoring
or sustaining soil fertility and boosting food production.
• Social and cultural values: when forest area is primarily designated
or managed for spiritual or cultural values or practices.
• Recreation and ecotourism: Such as Agrotourism and ecotourism,
which can conserve natural resources, provide employment
opportunities and boost the rural economy
• Other: with not specific function
9. Item 1304: Whether agroforestry is practiced
(for the holding)
Type: Frame item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Agroforestry is a sustainable land
management system in which forest species of trees and
other wooded plants are purposely grown on the same
land as agricultural crops or livestock, either concurrently
or in rotation. Agroforestry includes:
agrosilvicultural (trees and crops)
silvopastoral (trees and livestock),
agrosilvipastoral (trees, crops and livestock)
systems.
9
Notes:
• Agroforestry refers to specific forestry practices that complement agricultural activities,
such as by improving soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, improving watershed
management, or providing shade and food for livestock.
• Countries need to develop their own procedures to collect data on agroforestry systems.
Some may wish to collect data on specific agroforestry activities.
10. Country experiences
Section IX of the census questionnaire is devoted to “Forest Area”.
Cultivated forest - for each one of ten species of cultivated forest: aspen,
mimosa, eucalyptus niplen eucalyptus globolus, pine radiatus, pine oregon,
rauli, coigüe, oak, tamarugo the following information was recorded:
- planted area
- forests age
- whether forest management and/or irrigation were applied.
Native forest – in the case of native forest the information collected were
recorded for 12 native spices:
- area covered
- whether forest management was used
In case that trees were used as windbreakers, the total linear meters involved
were also recorded.
In Section XVI Other activities on holding, several forest produces were also
investigated: carbon, firewood, wood for pulp; wood for sawmills and mushrooms.
In the Section Land use, it was recorded the type of uses for forests: livestock,
wood, unexplored forests and rest of forest and wodland.
10
Chile: VII Agriculture and Forestry Census 2007
11. Theme 15:
Environment/greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
11
Background
Sources of GHG emissions
GHG items on crop and livestock
production subsectors
Concepts and definitions
Country experiences
Contents
12. Background
Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), countries should produce and regularly report their GHG
emissions from all sectors, including agriculture to monitor the
achievement of their targets.
In response to the growing demand for basic agro-environmental data on
GHG and ammonia emissions, the WCA 2020 introduced this new
theme (theme 15) with items covering relevant crop and livestock
production subsectors.
Theme 15 gives possibility for countries to establish the baseline for
reports and provide a frame for periodic sample surveys. (Some of the
items are already covered in other themes of the WCA 2020)
12
13. Sources of GHG emissions in
agriculture
13
• Enteric Fermentation • Crop Residues
• Manure Management • Cultivation of Organic Soils
• Rice Cultivation • Burning – Savanna
• Synthetic Fertilizers • Burning - Crop Residues
• Manure applied to Soils • Energy Use in Agriculture
• Manure left on Pasture
14. GHG items on livestock production
subsector
Relevant existing items (explained in Theme 5):
0501: Type of livestock system
0504: Number of animals: age and sex (for each livestock type)
0505: Number of animals according to purpose (for each livestock type).
New items (Theme 15):
1501 Type of animal grazing practices
1502 Manure application
1503 Manure management system
1504 Final use of the treated manure.
14
15. Item 1501: Type of animal grazing
practices
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Animal grazing has a significant
impact on the quality of pastures. Combining
the information from the livestock theme
with types grazing improves estimation of
the status of pastures – non-degraded,
moderately degraded or severely
degraded. Importantly, this item allows for
more accurate estimation of the area in
which manure is left on pasture.
15
16. Item 1501: Type of animal grazing
practices (cont’d.)
Types of animal grazing:
Grazing on the holding:
•Area grazed during the year
•Number of animals
•Fraction of the year with animals on pasture
Common pasture grazing:
•Number of animals
•Fraction of the year with animals on pasture
(e.g. <3; 3-6; 6-9; 9> months).
16
17. Item 1502: Manure application
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Note: This item is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental
indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions. Not
applicable to holdings with a nomadic livestock system.
Categories for manure application:
• Percentage of holding’s pastures on which the manure is left on pasture
• Fraction of manure left on pasture that is removed for use as fuel (0; 50%
or less; more than 50%; all manure removed)
• Agricultural area on which solid/farmyard manure is applied (spread)
• Agricultural area on which slurry is applied (spread)
• Manure directly daily spread on the field.
17
18. Item 1503: Manure management
system
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Note: This item is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental
indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions. Not
applicable to holdings with a nomadic livestock system.
18
19. Item 1503: Manure management
system (cont’d.)
Categories:
19
Availability of
storage facilities for:
Solid/farmyard manure
Liquid manure
Slurry
Type of storage
facilities used:
For all manure:
•Digesters(biogas
reactors)
For slurry:
•Slurry tank
•Anaerobic lagoon
•Aerobic treatment
Covered or open
storage facilities:
Solid/farmyard
manure
Liquid manure
Slurry
20. Item 1504: Final use of the treated
manure
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item refers to percentage use of manure exiting the
manure management system, and applicable to all holdings with a non-
nomadic type of livestock system.
Categories:
• Applied as fertilizers
• Used for fuel (manure used for production of energy, it does not include
manure left on pasture, collected and dried for dung cakes already
reported in item 1502)
• Used for construction (used as component of construction materials)
• Used as feed
• Other uses (e.g. manure delivered to others for fertilizer). 20
21. GHG items on crop production
subsector
Relevant existing items (explained in Themes 4 and 6):
0411: Use of each type of fertilizer
0412: Area fertilized for each type of fertilizer and major crop type
0610: Type of tillage practices.
New items (Theme 15):
•Submodule on rice cultivation (Rice cultivation accounts for 10% of global
GHG emissions in agriculture, but is significantly higher in rice-producing
countries).
1505 Length of the growing period for rice cultivation
1506 Rice cultivation – irrigation and water regimes
1507 Organic amendments to soils used for rice cultivation
•1508 Crop residues
•1509 Permanent crops – age of plantations. 21
22. Item 1505: Length of the growing period
of the rice cultivation
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Length of the growing period
means number of months between crop
planting and harvest.
22
23. Item 1506: Rice cultivation –irrigation and
water regimes
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: This item complements the information collected in Theme 3: Irrigation,
specifically for rice irrigation and water regimes.
Water regimes before the growing period:
• Flooded pre-season: the land has been flooded for 30 consecutive days or more just prior to
planting;
• Non-flooded pre-season: the land has been flooded for less than 30 consecutives days or has
not been flooded prior to planting.
Water regimes during the growing period:
• Irrigated – continuously flooded: field with standing water throughout the rice growing
period;
• Irrigated – intermittently flooded: field that has at least one aeration period of more than
three days during the growing period;
• Rice cultivation in rainfed and deep-water area: rice grown of flooded surface, in areas
depending entirely on rain for water supply.
23
24. Item 1507: Organic amendments of
soils used for rice cultivation
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Additionally to information on fertilizers (Theme 4 “Crops”), the
following breakdown of organic fertilizers gives important information on
rice cultivation practices:
• Straw incorporated shortly before cultivation (30 days or less)
• Straw incorporated long before cultivation (more than 30 days)
• Compost
• Farmyard manure
• Green manure
24
25. Item 1508: Crop residues
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Census reference year
Concept: Management and use of crop residues may affect the
environment. This item is applicable to all holdings.
Handling of crop residues includes the following:
• Crop/pasture area burnt on the holding: refers to the area of crop/pasture
where crop residues/grass are burned during the reference year.
• Crop residues removed from field: describes the fraction of crop residues
(such as straw, stubble or other plant parts) which is not left on the field.
• Pastures on the holding renewed during the crop year: refers to the area
of pasture that is ploughed and seeded to produce a new grass cover.
25
26. Item 1509: Permanent crops – age of
plantations
Type: Additional item
Reference period: Day of enumeration
Note: In addition to information on permanent crops (Theme 4 “Crops”),
for improving estimates of GHG emissions by sources or removals by
sink, the following information from holdings with commercial orchards is
needed:
• Age of plantations (productive and non-productive)
• Age at which the permanent crops are renewed.
26
27. Country experiences
Italy: General Agricultural Census (GAC) 2010
New queries useful for environment/climate change issues were included in the GAC 2010
questionnaire aimed in particular at improving the preparation of the national GHG
inventory:
27
Q39:Type of animal grazing practices (with the specification of: i) total
number of grazing animals; ii) utilized area and iii) number of months):
•Grazing on the holding
•Grazing on other holdings land
•Common land grazing
Q.41: Storage method by type of animal manure generated in the
holding ( three types of manure were specified: i) dung manure; ii) urine
and iii) slurry):
•Pit (covered; uncovered)
•Tank (covered; uncovered)
•Lagoon covered; uncovered).
28. Country experiences (cont’d.)
Italy: General Agricultural Census 2010
Q.42: Manure application:
A. Utilised agricultural area treated with manure:
1. Application of dung manure
of which with immediate incorporation (within 4 hours)
2. Application of urine and slurry (fertigation* included), of which:
2.1 Application and immediate incorporation of urine and slurry (within
4 hours) or injection
2.2 Incorporation of manure and slurry within 24 hours
2.3 Incorporation of manure or slurry in strips, or by injection, or
fertigation.
Note: Fertigation is the application of fertilizer with irrigation water
28
29. Country experiences (cont’d.)
Italy: General Agricultural Census 2010
Q.42: B. The percentage of animal manure taken outside the
holding in relation to the total produced by the holding (sold
or removed for direct use as fertiliser or for treatment
processes):
1. Percentage of solid dung taken off the holding in relation to
the total dung produced
2. Percentage of slurry taken off the holding in relation to the
manure produced.
29
It is estimated that about one-third of the world’s people depend on forest goods and services for the direct provision of food, wood fuel, building materials, medicines, employment and cash income.
In response to the growing demand for basic agro-environmental data on GHG and ammonia emissions, as well as for compilation of nitrogen balances, the WCA 2020 includes a new theme with a set of items that can help countries assess their emissions .
GS: “Agricultural censuses are sources of structural information that, through comparison at different points of time, contribute to the monitoring of environmental changes. In addition, data on the use of environmentally friendly practices and inputs, collected through the census of agriculture, helps decision- makers and planners when adopting measures to mitigate adverse effects.
Thus, the WCA 2020 introduces the possibility for countries to establish the baseline:
To eport GHG and other agro-environmental indicators and
can provide frame information for designing and
conducting periodic sample surveys to collect data necessary for estimation of GHG emissions from the agricultural sector and calculation of other agro-environmental indicators.
Another important use of census information to measure environmental impact is with reference to water management and irrigation. Methods of irrigation, sources of water and final disposal of water used for irrigation are important elements to analyse threats and actual risks to the environment.
The items is relevant for the calculation of agro-environmental indicators and particularly for GHG and ammonia emissions
The latter process represents the second largest source of GHG agriculture emissions globally.
Cases may exist in which there are both covered and open storage facilities of the same type for one holding. Where feasible, information on the percentage of the capacity of the covered facilities could be asked.
Definitions and notes:
Solid/farmyard manure is excrements (with or without litter) of domestic animals (may include a small amount of urine).
Liquid manure is urine from domestic animals (may include a small amount of excrement and/or water).
Slurry is manure in liquid form, a mixture of excrements and urine of domestic animals (possibly including water and/or a small amount of litter).
Manure removed for use as fuel is dried dung cakes created and burned for fuel.
Directly daily spread means the manure is routinely removed from the confinement facility and is applied to cropland or pasture within 24 hours of excretion; no storage is needed.
Storage facility for solid/farmyard manure usually means a structure with a concrete floor and reinforced concrete or timber walls.
Storage facility for liquid manure/slurry usually means a watertight tank, open or covered, or a lined lagoon for storage of liquid manure/slurry.
Slurry tank is a tank, usually made of impermeable material, used for the storage of slurry. Watertight pits or cellars beneath/integrated in the livestock houses are also included.
Anaerobic lagoon is a pit dug in the soil, usually lined, used for the storage of slurry.
Aerobic treatment is the biological oxidation of manure collected as a liquid with either forced or natural aeration.
Storage facilities for manure are considered covered when they are protected from rain or other precipitation and the cover can reduce ammonia emissions.
Digesters (biogas reactors) are reactors in which animal excreta, with or without straw and/or other materials such as wood shavings, sawdust, etc., are collected and anaerobically digested in a large containment vessel or covered lagoon.
Paragraph 8.15.19 of the WCA 2020 provides the relevant definitions.
1506 Rice cultivation - irrigation and water regimes
Water regimes before the growing period:
Flooded pre-season
Non-flooded pre-season
Water regimes during the growing period:
Irrigated – continuously flooded
Irrigated – intermittently flooded
Rice cultivation in rainfed and deep water area
It is a holding-level item. However, for operational reasons, countries may find it easier to collect the data at field/plot level, as one holding could have different water regimes for different fields.
Straw incorporated shortly before cultivation (30 days or less) means that straw is incorporated to soil no more than 30 days before the cultivation of rice.
Straw incorporated long before cultivation (more than 30 days) means that straw is incorporated to soil for longer than 30 days before the cultivation of rice.
Compost is a mixture of decaying organic substrates, such as from leaves and manure, used to improve soil structure and provide nutrients. Alternatively, it refers to organic substrates subjected to biological decomposition and stabilization and converted into a final product that is stable, free of pathogens and plant seeds, and can be beneficially applied to land.
Solid/farmyard manure is excrements (with or without litter) of domestic animals, possibly including a small amount of urine
Green manure/cover crops (GMCCs) are plants that are grown in order to provide soil cover and to improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. GMCCs may be sown independently or in association with crops.