Final results of the beams made of glued laminated timber (glulam) in the EU CELLUWOOD Project. These results were presented by AIDIMA at the CELLUWOOD Final Workshop on 4th September 2014.
During the workshop comprehensive outcomes of the CELLUWOOD project were presented and the future exploitation of the project results was discussed. The project outcomes were presented to the industry stakeholders and the research community. Some valuable feedback on project developed products and technology were obtained by the external workshop participants. The useful contacts were established with potential resin manufacture with an interest for further commercial exploitation of the CELLUWOOD technology, in particular lignin-based and nanocellulose-based gluing systems.
CELLUWOOD ( “Laminated Strong Eco-Material for Building Construction Made of Cellulose-Strengthened Wood - Final Outcomes”) was a four years EU project, funded under the Eco Innovation research initiative. The project aims to develop a new range of structural elements made of wood by introducing innovative production elements and includes the use of cellulose instead of petroleum-based glue in the lamination of the timber products. The main results will be the strong eco-beams and eco-columns and their most sustainable manufacturing technologies, in addition to significant environmental and cost benefits of the innovation. These are achieved by the introduction of the (new) technologies from other sectors (e.g. cellulose velvet, biocomposite reinforcement and bio-resin) for innovative uses in the defect removal and repairing, facilitating innovation in the use of nanocellulose and bio-resin technologies in timber reengineering, and the development, testing and demonstration of the new products.
The CELLUWOOD products include strong glulam Eco-beams and columns manufactured by using bio-based lignin resins and nanocellulose enhanced glue systems. Both innovative building products provide significant environmental benefits.
Coordinator and responsible of the project at AIDIMA: Miguel Ángel Abián
In the case of AIDIMA, this project is co-funded by IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Standard plank for wood lamination on khaya ivorensisIzzah Noah
khaya ivorensis species
wood lamination
standard for ripping and planing wood
lamination with two different types of surfaces
rough and smooth surface glue surfaces
khaya ivorensis have interlocking grain which easy to split( wood defect)
Butyl mastic tapes and sealants for automotive vaccum bagging cable jointingNikhilMathew45
Butyl mastic tapes of high quality with custom sizes
Provided in strips and rolls of custom length and size
Used mainly in automotive , vacuum bagging for wind mills, cable jointing kits, roofing tapes, cladding tapes, water tank sealing, construction.
Good sealing, antitracking property, high quality rubber and additives for better performance.
Supplied all india and can be exported to almost all countries like italy, united states, canada, australia, japan.
www.centroidpolymer.com
Interim tests for CELLUWOOD materials.
CELLUWOOD ( “Laminated Strong Eco-Material for Building Construction Made of Cellulose-Strengthened Wood - Final Outcomes”) is a four years EU project, funded under the Eco Innovation research initiative. The project aims to develop a new range of structural elements made of wood by introducing innovative production elements and includes the use of cellulose instead of petroleum-based glue in the lamination of the timber products. The ‘physical’ results will be the strong eco-beams and columns and their most sustainable manufacturing technologies, in addition to significant environmental and cost benefits of the innovation. These are achieved by the introduction of the (new) technologies from other sectors (e.g. cellulose velvet, biocomposite reinforcement and bio-resin) for innovative uses in the defect removal and repairing, facilitating innovation in the use of nano/micro cellulose and bio-resin technologies in timber reengineering, and the development, testing and demonstration of the novel initiative products.
The CELLUWOOD products include strong glulam Eco-beams and columns manufactured by using bio-based lignin resins and nanocellulose enhanced glue systems. Both innovative building products provide significant environmental benefits.
Coordinator and responsible of the project at AIDIMA: Miguel Ángel Abián
In the case of AIDIMA, this project is co-funded by IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
UV-curable polyurethane dispersions (UV-PUDs) have become a well established and commercially successful class of products because of their combination of low environmental impact, range of achievable properties and ease of use. This presentation provides an overview of Sartomer's UV-PUDs, including end applications, liquid properties, processing and curing conditions, performance rankings and other features. For more information, go to www.sartomer.com and follow Sartomer on Twitter @SartomerGlobal.
(www.witcollubricants.com) Witmans Industries Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2008 certified business entity engaged in manufacturing, supplying, trading and exporting a comprehensive assortment of Industrial Oil, Greases, Paints and Waxes. Our range is developed in strict accordance with the global quality standards by utilizing premium quality raw material, modern machinery & genuine techniques. Owing to the qualitative fabrications, our range is widely appreciated for high thermal stability, rust, corrosion, wear, foam & moisture resistance and durability.
Standard plank for wood lamination on khaya ivorensisIzzah Noah
khaya ivorensis species
wood lamination
standard for ripping and planing wood
lamination with two different types of surfaces
rough and smooth surface glue surfaces
khaya ivorensis have interlocking grain which easy to split( wood defect)
Butyl mastic tapes and sealants for automotive vaccum bagging cable jointingNikhilMathew45
Butyl mastic tapes of high quality with custom sizes
Provided in strips and rolls of custom length and size
Used mainly in automotive , vacuum bagging for wind mills, cable jointing kits, roofing tapes, cladding tapes, water tank sealing, construction.
Good sealing, antitracking property, high quality rubber and additives for better performance.
Supplied all india and can be exported to almost all countries like italy, united states, canada, australia, japan.
www.centroidpolymer.com
Interim tests for CELLUWOOD materials.
CELLUWOOD ( “Laminated Strong Eco-Material for Building Construction Made of Cellulose-Strengthened Wood - Final Outcomes”) is a four years EU project, funded under the Eco Innovation research initiative. The project aims to develop a new range of structural elements made of wood by introducing innovative production elements and includes the use of cellulose instead of petroleum-based glue in the lamination of the timber products. The ‘physical’ results will be the strong eco-beams and columns and their most sustainable manufacturing technologies, in addition to significant environmental and cost benefits of the innovation. These are achieved by the introduction of the (new) technologies from other sectors (e.g. cellulose velvet, biocomposite reinforcement and bio-resin) for innovative uses in the defect removal and repairing, facilitating innovation in the use of nano/micro cellulose and bio-resin technologies in timber reengineering, and the development, testing and demonstration of the novel initiative products.
The CELLUWOOD products include strong glulam Eco-beams and columns manufactured by using bio-based lignin resins and nanocellulose enhanced glue systems. Both innovative building products provide significant environmental benefits.
Coordinator and responsible of the project at AIDIMA: Miguel Ángel Abián
In the case of AIDIMA, this project is co-funded by IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
UV-curable polyurethane dispersions (UV-PUDs) have become a well established and commercially successful class of products because of their combination of low environmental impact, range of achievable properties and ease of use. This presentation provides an overview of Sartomer's UV-PUDs, including end applications, liquid properties, processing and curing conditions, performance rankings and other features. For more information, go to www.sartomer.com and follow Sartomer on Twitter @SartomerGlobal.
(www.witcollubricants.com) Witmans Industries Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2008 certified business entity engaged in manufacturing, supplying, trading and exporting a comprehensive assortment of Industrial Oil, Greases, Paints and Waxes. Our range is developed in strict accordance with the global quality standards by utilizing premium quality raw material, modern machinery & genuine techniques. Owing to the qualitative fabrications, our range is widely appreciated for high thermal stability, rust, corrosion, wear, foam & moisture resistance and durability.
PP Battery Separator for Lithium-Ion Battery ManufacturingTargray
Targray polypropylene battery separators are used in the development of lithium-ion batteries. Li-ion battery manufacturers use PP separators for ion transportation within the battery cell.
EuroFibers has co-developed a technology that more than doubles the abrasion resistance and tear strength of cotton. This patent pending innovation of cotton reinforced with a negligible percentage of Dyneema® is a break trough in the cotton industry. Besides the increase in wear resistance, the technology also significantly improves tensile strength and tear resistance without adding a great amount of cost. Levi Strauss & Co. has recently launched an original Levi’s® 501 reinforced with Dyneema®.
SBR Binder for Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing Targray
Targray modified Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer (SBR Binder) is a hydrophilic binder used in the production of lithium-ion batteries. This li-ion battery anode material is the primary aqueous binder used in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries.
Description:
The 6NPM is a very high efficiency, (101.8 dB 1watt / 1 meter) 6-inch midrange speaker with incredibly linear frequency response characteristics and ultra low harmonic distortion artifacts. The 6NPM has extremely high sound quality. The 6NPM uses a lightweight paper pulp, specifically developed for this application. This unique cone provides the ideal weight to strength ratio.
At the core of the 6NPM is it’s voice coil technology featuring edge wounded aluminum ribbon wire. Unique lightweight and very short former provides the ideal transfer of power between the voice coil and the cone assembly and assists in reducing the distortion artifacts. By combining this material with the state of the art adhesives, the 6FPM delivers incredible performance. The magnetic circuit design is optimized to generate the minimum amount of flux modulation, providing exceptional stability. The neodymium magnet is in a direct contact with the CNC exposed aluminum section of the basket, hold in place by our thermal transfer adhesives. This design dramatically improves the heat transfer. The 6NPM is ideal for use in both sealed and vented enclosure designs. The most suitable applications are in high quality professional audio, as line array systems, 3-way designs, where extreme SPL outputs are desired. The 6NPM can be horn loaded or used in directly radiated midrange applications.
High-Performance UV-Curable PUDs With High Renewable Carbon ContentSartomer
This presentation addresses the use of UV-curable polyurethane dispersions for sustainable coatings. Features, properties, effects and project conclusions are discussed. For more information, please visit www.sartomer.com or follow Sartomer on Twitter @SartomerGlobal. Thanks for viewing!
Geomembrane Merupakan pelapis kedap air yang terbuat dari material HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Material ini memiliki sifat yang baik terhadap sinar ultraviolet (UV),senyawa alkali, tingkat keasaman tinggi, dan mikro organisme.
https://www.petrane.co.id/geomembrane
Heterogeneity and Microstructural Features Intervening in the Ductile-Brittle...Pello Uranga
In conventional heat treatments or rolling schedules, the microstructure can be properly identified by its mean attributes. These parameters can properly predict the ductile-brittle (DB) transition temperatures measured by Charpy tests. However, if the austenite grain size distribution prior to transformation remains heterogeneous, after transformation, wider distributions of grain sizes will be obtained. In this context, the classical approaches do not properly predict the DB regime. This study analyzes the behavior of several ferrite-pearlite microstructures with different local heterogeneities. Grain size distributions, EBSD analysis identifying high angle misorientation boundaries and cleavage facet measurements were performed. These parameters have been incorporated in previous empirical expressions in order to quantify the contribution of these heterogeneities to the DB transition temperature.
Improved stability of products or packages, forming a unit load
More efficient handling and storage of unit loads
Some degree of dust and moisture protection
Some degree of tamper resistance and resistance to package
pilferage
Low pressure Molding could protect LED strip, PCB and magnetic very well. Macromelt & Technomelt as a common molding materials play in an encapsulating and environmentally protection on sensitive electronic components, IC molding sealing, Magnetic over molding and other sensitive components pakage. The main intention is to protect the sensitive electronic components during the molding stress, because high pressure molding would harm the properties of these components. Additionally, low pressure seal molding also protects electronic components against dust, moisture and vibration stress. It is also commonly used for Cable relief and sealing connectors.
Radiation-Cured Components & Their Use in Hard, Scratch Resistant Coating App...Sartomer
This presentation covers the following topics:
- Current and potential hard coat applications
- Description of products tested and their attributes
- Taber haze and Taber abrasion resistance
- Weathering resistance
- Barrier properties of a typical hard coat formulation
- Polyurethane dispersion products (PUDs)
You can visit Sartomer at Sartomer.com and follow them on Twitter @SartomerGlobal and on LinkedIn.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes Seal, Splice & Protect LV Power Cables 3M Cold Shrink Tube 8425-7 Cold Shrink Tube Min Diameter 9.9mm Cold Shrink Tube Max Diameter 17.8mm Cold Shrink Tube Length 178mm 3M Cold Shrink Tube is a pre-stretched EPDM rubber tubing, factory expanded and assembled onto a removable core. •Cold shrink provides a constant radial pressure seal •No heat required with 3M Cold Shrink - 100% cold applied •No specialist cable jointing or heat shrink tools required •Quality - long term reliability •Moisture resistant for submersible and outdoor applications 3M Cold Shrink Tubes are suitable for cable protection and moisture ingress protection - 3M Cold Shrink EPDM tubings are suitable as primary insulation on low voltage cables and cable splices up to 1000v AC. Cold shrink tubes provide electrical protection and moisture sealing for high-voltage, air-insulated connectors and cable lugs such as spacer cable and cable lug connections to bus bar. 3M cold shrink tubes also provide electrical insulation of secondary splices including copper or aluminium connectors.
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8443-2 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 8.86mm
Maximum diameter seal 14.22mm
Cold shrink tube length 36mm
*No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
*Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
*Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
*Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
*Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
*Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube.
Acoustic characterization of laminated glass for superyacht windowsRINA_SERVICES
Acoustic comfort is nowadays a fundamental parameter in the superyacht design process. This presentation illustrates the last results obtained in the field of Noise & Vibration research activities, aimed to help designers and shipyards to meet noise levels as low as possible on ships and pleasure vessels, to achieve their acoustic targets and to improve the comfort onboard.
PP Battery Separator for Lithium-Ion Battery ManufacturingTargray
Targray polypropylene battery separators are used in the development of lithium-ion batteries. Li-ion battery manufacturers use PP separators for ion transportation within the battery cell.
EuroFibers has co-developed a technology that more than doubles the abrasion resistance and tear strength of cotton. This patent pending innovation of cotton reinforced with a negligible percentage of Dyneema® is a break trough in the cotton industry. Besides the increase in wear resistance, the technology also significantly improves tensile strength and tear resistance without adding a great amount of cost. Levi Strauss & Co. has recently launched an original Levi’s® 501 reinforced with Dyneema®.
SBR Binder for Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing Targray
Targray modified Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer (SBR Binder) is a hydrophilic binder used in the production of lithium-ion batteries. This li-ion battery anode material is the primary aqueous binder used in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries.
Description:
The 6NPM is a very high efficiency, (101.8 dB 1watt / 1 meter) 6-inch midrange speaker with incredibly linear frequency response characteristics and ultra low harmonic distortion artifacts. The 6NPM has extremely high sound quality. The 6NPM uses a lightweight paper pulp, specifically developed for this application. This unique cone provides the ideal weight to strength ratio.
At the core of the 6NPM is it’s voice coil technology featuring edge wounded aluminum ribbon wire. Unique lightweight and very short former provides the ideal transfer of power between the voice coil and the cone assembly and assists in reducing the distortion artifacts. By combining this material with the state of the art adhesives, the 6FPM delivers incredible performance. The magnetic circuit design is optimized to generate the minimum amount of flux modulation, providing exceptional stability. The neodymium magnet is in a direct contact with the CNC exposed aluminum section of the basket, hold in place by our thermal transfer adhesives. This design dramatically improves the heat transfer. The 6NPM is ideal for use in both sealed and vented enclosure designs. The most suitable applications are in high quality professional audio, as line array systems, 3-way designs, where extreme SPL outputs are desired. The 6NPM can be horn loaded or used in directly radiated midrange applications.
High-Performance UV-Curable PUDs With High Renewable Carbon ContentSartomer
This presentation addresses the use of UV-curable polyurethane dispersions for sustainable coatings. Features, properties, effects and project conclusions are discussed. For more information, please visit www.sartomer.com or follow Sartomer on Twitter @SartomerGlobal. Thanks for viewing!
Geomembrane Merupakan pelapis kedap air yang terbuat dari material HDPE (High Density Polyethylene). Material ini memiliki sifat yang baik terhadap sinar ultraviolet (UV),senyawa alkali, tingkat keasaman tinggi, dan mikro organisme.
https://www.petrane.co.id/geomembrane
Heterogeneity and Microstructural Features Intervening in the Ductile-Brittle...Pello Uranga
In conventional heat treatments or rolling schedules, the microstructure can be properly identified by its mean attributes. These parameters can properly predict the ductile-brittle (DB) transition temperatures measured by Charpy tests. However, if the austenite grain size distribution prior to transformation remains heterogeneous, after transformation, wider distributions of grain sizes will be obtained. In this context, the classical approaches do not properly predict the DB regime. This study analyzes the behavior of several ferrite-pearlite microstructures with different local heterogeneities. Grain size distributions, EBSD analysis identifying high angle misorientation boundaries and cleavage facet measurements were performed. These parameters have been incorporated in previous empirical expressions in order to quantify the contribution of these heterogeneities to the DB transition temperature.
Improved stability of products or packages, forming a unit load
More efficient handling and storage of unit loads
Some degree of dust and moisture protection
Some degree of tamper resistance and resistance to package
pilferage
Low pressure Molding could protect LED strip, PCB and magnetic very well. Macromelt & Technomelt as a common molding materials play in an encapsulating and environmentally protection on sensitive electronic components, IC molding sealing, Magnetic over molding and other sensitive components pakage. The main intention is to protect the sensitive electronic components during the molding stress, because high pressure molding would harm the properties of these components. Additionally, low pressure seal molding also protects electronic components against dust, moisture and vibration stress. It is also commonly used for Cable relief and sealing connectors.
Radiation-Cured Components & Their Use in Hard, Scratch Resistant Coating App...Sartomer
This presentation covers the following topics:
- Current and potential hard coat applications
- Description of products tested and their attributes
- Taber haze and Taber abrasion resistance
- Weathering resistance
- Barrier properties of a typical hard coat formulation
- Polyurethane dispersion products (PUDs)
You can visit Sartomer at Sartomer.com and follow them on Twitter @SartomerGlobal and on LinkedIn.
3M Cold Shrink Tubes Seal, Splice & Protect LV Power Cables 3M Cold Shrink Tube 8425-7 Cold Shrink Tube Min Diameter 9.9mm Cold Shrink Tube Max Diameter 17.8mm Cold Shrink Tube Length 178mm 3M Cold Shrink Tube is a pre-stretched EPDM rubber tubing, factory expanded and assembled onto a removable core. •Cold shrink provides a constant radial pressure seal •No heat required with 3M Cold Shrink - 100% cold applied •No specialist cable jointing or heat shrink tools required •Quality - long term reliability •Moisture resistant for submersible and outdoor applications 3M Cold Shrink Tubes are suitable for cable protection and moisture ingress protection - 3M Cold Shrink EPDM tubings are suitable as primary insulation on low voltage cables and cable splices up to 1000v AC. Cold shrink tubes provide electrical protection and moisture sealing for high-voltage, air-insulated connectors and cable lugs such as spacer cable and cable lug connections to bus bar. 3M cold shrink tubes also provide electrical insulation of secondary splices including copper or aluminium connectors.
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tubes - LSF Low Smoke Zero Halogen for Low Voltage Cable Splices, Cable Repair & Insulation Protection
3M 8443-2 Silicone Rubber Cold Shrink Tubes
Minimum diameter seal 8.86mm
Maximum diameter seal 14.22mm
Cold shrink tube length 36mm
*No tools or heat shrink gas torches required for installation of 3M cold shrink
*Seals tight, retains resilience and pressure even after aging and exposure
*Moisture resistant 3M silicone cold shrink
*Cold shrink resists acids and alkalies
*Resists ozone and UV ultraviolet light
*Fire resistant 3M silicone cold shrink tubings
3M Silicone Cold Shrink Applications
Primary electrical insulation of insulated wires and cable splices up to 1000 volts, insulation of electrical aircraft cables, suitable for indoor and outdoor applications, moisture sealing for high voltage (HV) air insulated cable connectors and cable lugs, insulation of secondary splices (copper and aluminium conductors), cable sheath repairs, insulation of line conductor transition connectors.
Flammability Testing of 3M Silicone Cold Shrink
3M Cold Shrink Insulators 8440 Series flammability testing was conducted with specimens positioned both vertically and horizontally per specification BSS 7230. The 3M silicone rubber cold shrink insulation passed the Flammability Test of BSS 7230 without supporting a flame. In addition, these cold shrink insulators were also subjected to a gas flame test as outlined in paragraph 4.4.15 of MIL-C-24643A and met the passing criteria as specified - no fuse was blown during the one hour flame exposure of the 3M Silicone Cold Shrink Tube.
Acoustic characterization of laminated glass for superyacht windowsRINA_SERVICES
Acoustic comfort is nowadays a fundamental parameter in the superyacht design process. This presentation illustrates the last results obtained in the field of Noise & Vibration research activities, aimed to help designers and shipyards to meet noise levels as low as possible on ships and pleasure vessels, to achieve their acoustic targets and to improve the comfort onboard.
Since 1975, Valley Design has been a leader in precision materials processing, providing lapping, polishing, dicing, Corning fused silica and CNC machining services. Valley manufactures substrates, gorrila glass, wafers, shims and spacers and other flat optical components. http://www.valleydesign.com
This paper will present a rigorous method for evaluating the performance and economic benefits of solder paste stencil nano-coatings. Criterion such as underside cleaning, bridging, transfer efficiency across SARs, solder paste deposit geometry, post-print cleaning, and abrasion resistance of the coating, will all be considered and weighted. Performance of currently available coatings will be compared. A discussion of the economic impact on current and future SMT design will be included.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain
improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means
of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel
alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time
(Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this
project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The
surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer
is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are
fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are
identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of
effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is
performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using
stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant
improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression
analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained.
Improvement of Surface Roughness of Nickel Alloy Specimen by Removing Recast ...IJMER
Abstract: In this investigation, experimental work and computational work are combined to obtain improvement in the surface roughness of nickel alloy specimen, the machining is carried out by means of CNC wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). Brass wire is used as the tool electrode and nickel alloy (Inconel600) is used as the work piece material. The machining parameters such as Pulse-On time (Ton), Pulse-Off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), and Bed speed are considered as input parameters for this project. Surface roughness and Recast layer are considered the output parameters. The experiments
with the pre-planned set of input parameters are designed based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. The surface roughness is measured using stylus type roughness tester and the thickness of the Recast layer is measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results obtained from the experiments are fed to the Minitab software and optimum input parameters for the desired output parameters are identified. The software uses the concept of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicates the nature of effect of input parameters on the output parameters and confirmation is done by validation
experiments. Once the recast layer thickness is obtained Chemical Etching and abrasive blasting is performed in order to remove the recast layer and again the surface roughness is measured by using stylus type roughness tester. Finally from the obtained results it was found that there was significant improvement in the Surface roughness of the nickel alloy material. In addition using regression analysis this work is stimulated by computational method and the results are obtained
Our RIBA approved CPD is about glass partition system applications and performance criteria, covering fire and acoustic performance of glass, protection against falling and DDA regulations with interesting movie clips showing fire and impact tests being carried out.
It covers 4 of the 10 RIBA core curriculum which are:
* Being safe: Health and Safety - 54
* Internal Management: professionalism, practise, business + management - 18
* Designing and building it: design, construction, technology and engineering - 454
* Access for all: universal/inclusive design – 37
Our CPD has been very well received so far in line with the following comment.
“I was impressed by the amount of effort that Genghis had put into his material.
The presentation covers a wide spectrum of glazing within partitioning and will
be advantageous to Architects in learning of the possibilities. It will make an interesting
and good CPD” David Preston, RIBA CPD assessor
Timber is a renewable building material which has been in use since early ages. Timber needs to be used in the way which minimizes the wastage, because when we cut a tree, it has massive negative impact to the environment. So, when look from this point of view, it is better to reduce usage of timber. But when consider materials for structural elements, substitutes for timber such as concrete, steel, fiber glass, plastic, glass, etc., effect to the environment after demolishing structures which are built from these substitutes is huge which is not done by timber. Therefore, use of timber effectively in construction industry has become a timely need.
Lot of research has been carried out to gain the maximum output from timber. From that lot of products have been made. As an example, use of composite timber products, built up sections can be identified. Most architects tend to use timber in their designs mainly to give the structure an esthetically pleasing output.
Presentation by Tom DeMint of Owens Corning at CAMX on October 15, 2014. As the wind power energy generation industry continues to develop, one of the main objectives of turbine rotor blade manufacturers is to reduce total energy production cost to align wind power with other energy sources. Energy produced by wind turbines is more widely available than ever before; nevertheless the industry is constantly looking for ways to further optimize the cost of energy (CoE) as one of its foremost goals. The turbine, together with its rotor blades, plays an essential role and is one of the major components of these machines in terms of cost. It generates the torque which drives the generator and is responsible for the range of conditions energy can be extracted from the available wind. Wind farms are now constructed and operate in challenging off-shore as well as on-shore locations with differing wind speed conditions. Glass fiber composite rotor blades have contributed greatly to the success of this sustainable energy source and have allowed the wind industry to make significant advances in recent times, especially in off-shore and in low-wind locations. One of the most important advances has been the progressive technology applied to the properties of glass fiber leading to the development of high modulus glass types for lighter composites offering greatly enhanced resistance to fatigue at an affordable cost. The technological advances in glass fiber properties has resulted in rotor blades of ever greater length - beyond 85m – dimensions deemed unreachable less than a decade ago. This presentationl highlights advances in the material properties of glass fiber to help designers and engineers conceive blades which are lighter yet with increased length, improved aerodynamic performance with resistance to higher, long-term fatigue loads which ultimately enables wind turbines to increase power yield and therefore reduce the cost of energy.
Presentación con los principales resultados del proyecto de I+D NODOS-TURISMO, desarrollado por AIDIMME e ITC-AICE.
En el proyecto se ha desarrollado e instalado mobiliario urbano inteligente orientado al turismo (Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes) e integrable con Smart Cities, que ha merecido un Premio Turismo Comunitat Valenciana en la categoría de “Investigación e innovación turística”.
El proyecto europeo SHCity aborda el reto innovador de desarrollar una herramienta única de código abierto para gestionar centros urbanos históricos y facilitar la toma de decisiones a las autoridades competentes.
La solución desarrollada en SHCity integra datos recogidos por redes de sensores desplegados en el conjunto urbano, con el objetivo de controlar los elementos de riesgo que afectan a los edificios y a su entorno cercano; la gestión de consumos energéticos; y el flujo de visitantes, incluyendo la optimización del turismo.
Se basa en un conjunto de herramientas desarrolladas mediante el uso de las TIC y el conocimiento experto de diferentes campos relacionados con la gestión del patrimonio a escala urbana, con el objetivo de extender el concepto de Smart City a Smart Heritage City adaptando la escala de monitorización, pasando de un edificio a un conjunto urbano.
Artículo sobre los principales resultados de la primera anualidad del proyecto de I+D NODOS-TURISMO.
Este proyecto persigue el desarrollo de objetos urbanos inteligentes integrados en plataformas de Smart Cities y hechos de materiales inteligentes de madera y cerámica.
Asimismo, busca también que nuestras ciudades se conviertan en destinos turísticos inteligentes.
Newsletter 2 del proyecto NODOS-TURISMO.
Este proyecto es una oportunidad para que las empresas de las industrias madera-mueble y cerámica accedan al mercado emergente de las Ciudades Inteligentes, que supondrá un mercado de alto valor añadido en los próximos años.
Además, es una oportunidad para que la Comunidad Valenciana atraiga turismo inteligente y tenga Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes, una tendencia cada vez más importante económica y socialmente.
Responsable y director técnico del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Artículo sobre el proyecto NODOS-TURISMO, publicado en AIDIMME INFORMA nº 0.
Este proyecto está planteado como una oportunidad para que las empresas de las industrias madera-mueble y cerámica accedan al mercado emergente de las Ciudades Inteligentes, que supondrá un mercado de alto valor añadido en los próximos años. En el proyecto se desarrollarán prototipos de objetos urbanos inteligentes en Smart Cities.
Coordinador y director técnico del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Newsletter 1 del proyecto NODOS-TURISMO.
Este proyecto se plantea como una oportunidad para que las empresas de las industrias madera-mueble y cerámica accedan al mercado emergente de las Ciudades Inteligentes, que supondrá un mercado de alto valor añadido en los próximos años. Además, es una oportunidad para que la Comunitat Valenciana atraiga turismo inteligente, una tendencia cada vez más importante social y económicamente.
Responsable y director técnico del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Artículo sobre un workshop de objetos urbanos inteligentes para Smart Cities celebrado en AIDIMME. Pertenece al proyecto NODOS-TURISMO.
Publicado en AIDIMME Actualidad 12 (2016)
Segunda circular del proyecto PROINNOMADERA (PRODUCTOS INNOVADORES PROCEDENTES DE PLANTACIONES DE MADERA Y ORIENTADOS A MEJORAR LA COMPETITIVIDAD DEL SECTOR VALENCIANO DE LA MADERA Y BIOMASA), proyecto de I+D desarrollado por el Instituto Tecnológico AIDIMA
Primera circular del proyecto de I+D PROINNOMADERA (PRODUCTOS INNOVADORES PROCEDENTES DE PLANTACIONES DE MADERA Y ORIENTADOS A MEJORAR LA COMPETITIVIDAD DEL SECTOR VALENCIANO DE LA MADERA Y BIOMASA), desarrollado por el Instituto Tecnológico AIDIMA
Jornada AIDIMA peritaje madera para arquitectostorrubia
AIDIMA impartió en el Colegio de Arquitectos de Valencia una jornada sobre peritaje y rehabilitación de edificios con estructura de madera.
En noviembre de 2015, el salón de actos del Colegio Territorial de Arquitectos de Valencia acogió una jornada organizada por la Agrupación de Arquitectos Peritos y Forenses del COACV (Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de la Comunidad Valenciana) y por AIDIMA.
El objetivo de la jornada consistió en informar a los profesionales sobre las patologías de la madera en construcción y cómo influyen en su resistencia, los métodos de evaluación, y las opciones preventivas y curativas, así como sobre soluciones y tratamientos de restauración/rehabilitación y sobre la redacción eficaz de informes periciales.
Más de 60 profesionales asistieron a la jornada, casi todos arquitectos.
Artículo "Mejora del aislamiento térmico de productos y materiales: una necesidad en la construcción actual", publicado en la revista AIDIMA INFORMA nº 75
El Instituto Tecnológico del Mueble, Madera, Embalaje y Afines, AIDIMA, asesora tecnológicamente en el análisis y mejora del aislamiento térmico de productos y materiales destinados a construcción y carpintería. El servicio permite conocer el comportamiento térmico de cualquier prototipo de nuevo material o producto, así como mejorar el aislamiento térmico de productos y materiales ya existentes con vistas al cumplimiento de la última versión del documento DB-HE (Documento básico “Ahorro de energía”) del Código Técnico de la Edificación.
Este documento es un resumen de los resultados obtenidos en el primer año del proyecto de I+D PROINNOMADERA, desarrollado por el Instituto Tecnológico AIDIMA.
El objetivo general del proyecto consiste en investigar y promocionar el potencial de las plantaciones de madera y biomasa (cultivos energéticos) en la Comunidad Valenciana, así como en desarrollar productos innovadores hechos con la madera producida en las plantaciones a fin de mejorar la competitividad del sector de la madera y biomasa.
El proyecto está financiado por el IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) y cofinanciado por fondos europeos FEDER.
Responsable y coordinador del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Articulo 2015 fin proyecto europeo CELLUWOODtorrubia
Artículo sobre la conclusión del proyecto europeo CELLUWOOD, publicado en la revista AIDIMA INFORMA nº 73 en enero de 2015.
El principal objetivo del proyecto CELLUWOOD (Laminated Strong Eco-Material for Building Construction made of Cellulose-Strengthened Wood) ha sido desarrollar materiales resistentes hechos a partir de madera reforzada mediante nanocelulosa, microcelulosa y bioresinas, con el objetivo de disponer de materiales más resistentes y ligeros, idóneos para construir estructuras y edificios. El Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE) cofinanció las tres anualidades del proyecto, que fue cofinanciado también por fondos europeos FEDER.
El objeto de la investigación del proyecto CELLUWOOD coincide con las líneas de trabajo del Instituto Tecnológico del Mueble, Madera, Embalaje y Afines (AIDIMA) respecto al desarrollo de nuevos materiales derivados de la madera y a la evaluación no destructiva para la construcción. Según afirma Miguel Ángel Abián, responsable del proyecto y jefe del Departamento de Tecnología y Biotecnología de la Madera de AIDIMA, “se han obtenido vigas con una resistencia a flexión un 23% superior a la de las vigas comerciales existentes, sin emplear adhesivos petroquímicos”.
Artículo sobre el proyecto de I+D IDANMAD (Investigación y desarrollo de anclajes innovadores para construcciones temporales de madera), publicado en la revista AIDIMA INFORMA nº 73 en enero de 2015.
El artículo describe el desarrollo en AIDIMA Instituto Tecnológico de la primera unión universal para estructuras de madera, en proceso de patente, y explica sus posibilidades.
Responsable del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Dpto. Tecnología y Biotecnología de la Madera
Noticia aparecida en MADERA SOSTENIBLE sobre las jornadas técnicas celebradas en MADERALIA SELECCIÓN 2015, dedicadas al tema “NUEVOS MATERIALES Y SUS APLICACIONES: MATERIALES INTELIGENTES, FUNCIONALES Y SOSTENIBLES”
Ficha de difusión utilizada para difundir el proyecto IDANMAD, financiado por el IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) y fondos FEDER, en las ferias internacionales HÁBITAT VALENCIA y FIMMA-MADERALIA 2014.
PROYECTO IVACE IDANMAD: INNOVACIÓN EN ESTRUCTURAS Y CONSTRUCCIONES TEMPORALES DE MADERA MEDIANTE UNIONES MECÁNICAS INNOVADORAS Y VERSÁTILES
En este proyecto de I+D+i, AIDIMA Instituto Tecnológico ha investigado nuevos anclajes innovadores y específicos para la madera, que pueden usarse para estructuras temporales de madera (andamios, soportes para retención de tierras, pabellones, rampas y plataformas para la construcción, ferias, etc.).
Responsable del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Dpto. Tecnología y Biotecnología de la Madera
Documento técnico que resume los resultados del proyecto IDANMAD desarrollado por AIDIMA.
PROYECTO IDANMAD: INNOVACIÓN EN ESTRUCTURAS Y CONSTRUCCIONES TEMPORALES DE MADERA MEDIANTE CONECTORES INNOVADORES Y VERSÁTILES
En el marco de un proyecto de I+D, el Instituto Tecnológico AIDIMA ha investigado nuevos anclajes innovadores, específicos para madera, que pueden usarse para estructuras temporales de madera (andamios, revestimientos de edificios, pabellones, ferias, etc.). Finalizado el proyecto, se exponen aquí los principales resultados obtenidos.
Responsable del proyecto: Miguel Ángel Abián
Dpto. Tecnología y Biotecnología de la Madera
CELLUWOOD Project Presentation Outcomes
CELLUWOOD was a 4 years EU project, funded under the Eco Innovation research initiative. The project aims to develop a new range of structural elements made of wood by introducing innovative production elements and includes the use of cellulose instead of petroleum-based glue in the lamination of the timber products. The ‘physical’ results will be the strong eco-beams and columns and their most sustainable manufacturing technologies, in addition to significant environmental and cost benefits of the innovation. These are achieved by the introduction of the (new) technologies from other sectors (e.g. cellulose velvet, biocomposite reinforcement and bio-resin) for innovative uses in the defect removal and repairing, facilitating innovation in the use of nano/micro cellulose and bio-resin technologies in timber reengineering, and the development, testing and demonstration of the novel initiative products.
Coordinator and responsible of the project at AIDIMA: Miguel Ángel Abián
In the case of AIDIMA, this project is co-funded by IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
Second CELLUWOOD Newsletter (published in September 2014)
CELLUWOOD was a 4 years EU project, funded under the Eco Innovation research initiative. The project aims to develop a new range of structural elements made of wood by introducing innovative production elements and includes the use of cellulose instead of petroleum-based glue in the lamination of the timber products. The ‘physical’ results will be the strong eco-beams and columns and their most sustainable manufacturing technologies, in addition to significant environmental and cost benefits of the innovation. These are achieved by the introduction of the (new) technologies from other sectors (e.g. cellulose velvet, biocomposite reinforcement and bio-resin) for innovative uses in the defect removal and repairing, facilitating innovation in the use of nano/micro cellulose and bio-resin technologies in timber reengineering, and the development, testing and demonstration of the novel initiative products.
Coordinator and responsible of the project at AIDIMA: Miguel Ángel Abián
In the case of AIDIMA, this project is co-funded by IVACE (Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial) and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
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CELLUWOOD Project Final Beams Results
1. CELLUWOOD Project Final Workshop
4th September 2014, Lleida (Spain)
Eco-beams results
AIDIMA
Miguel Ángel Abián
2. 2
WP 8: ASSESSMENT OF CELLUWOOD MATERIAL
The overall objective of this WP is to test and characterize the CELLUWOOD materials developed in the previous WPs. This presentation is focused on the results from beams.
3. 3
Previously, in WP7 some lignin, PUR and MUF beams where manufactured at TECNIFUSTA for interim testing. Those interim tests led to changes in the formulation of the lignin resin by CHIMAR in order to achieve a satisfactory and effective final resin.
In 2014, 20 complete beams (nominal dimensions: 120 x 120 x 2200 mm) were manufactured at TECNIFUSTA in collaboration with CHIMAR and AIDIMA:
•10 beams with their lamellae glued by the final lignin resin developed in the project (CELLUWOOD beams).
•10 beams with their lamellae glued by commercial PUR.
All lamellae were made of timber classified as C24.
10 commercial beams (nominal dimensions: 120 x 120 x 2200 mm) made with MUF resin were used in order to compare strength and behaviour with the other 20 beams. The commercial beams are classified as GL24h.
All beams were made of Picea abies wood.
1. MANUFACTURING OF THE BEAMS TO BE TESTED
4. 4
Measurement of the moisture content of timber
Preparation of the lignin resin for its application
15. 15
Shear test of glue lines
EN 392 (Glued laminated timber. Shear test of glue lines).
2. PERFORMANCE OF THE GLUE LINES IN CELLUWOOD BEAMS (LIGNIN RESIN)
16. 16
According to EN 386, the shear strength of each glue line shall be at least 6,0 N/mm2. RIGHT
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Shear strength (N/mm2)
Shear strength (fS) of the glue line 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Shear strength (N/mm2)
Shear strength (fS) of the glue line 2
17. 17
According to EN 386 RIGHT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PWF (%)
Percentage wood failure (PWF) of the glue line 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
PWF (%)
Percentage wood failure (PWF) of the glue line 2
18. All test pieces fulfilled the requirements of EN 386 (Glued laminated timber. Performance requirements and minimum production requirements) regarding shear strength and wood failure percentage (EN 392). These results point out very clearly that gluing Picea abies lamellae with the lignin resin is very effective.
Average value
SD
fS (N/mm2)
7.37
0.75
PWF (%)
66.0
16.4
18
19. Delamination of glue lines
EN 391 (Glued laminated timber. Delamination of glue lines)
EN 391 is a glulam production standard, which determines if the product is “up to standard”. This test method measures the delamination of flue lines after a treatment consisting of soaking in water followed by fast drying at a high temperature; that is, in effect, an accelerated ageing test method.
Stresses in the wood perpendicular to the glue line put a strain on the joint, which either fails in the flue line (causing a delamination), or creates cracks in the wood. If the delamination value after treatment is low (0% after one cycle, <5% after 2 cycles and <10% after 3 cycles using Method A, which is the treatment method for glulam in service class 3 according to EN 386), the bonding is seen as being successful, and the product can go to the market.
19
20. After each of the three cycles specified in Method A of EN 391, the total delamination percentage and the maximum delamination percentage were 0% for all 10 samples. Therefore, the samples fulfilled the requirements of EN 386 for glue integrity in structures of service class 3.
Considering this and the results from EN 392, all samples fulfilled the requirements of EN 386 regarding glue line integrity and strength for structures of service class 3.
Pressure vessel used by AIDIMA for the first two cycles of Method A (EN 391)
20
21. Two test samples after extracting them from the pressure vessel, following Method A (EN 391).
Test sample after the final drying process specified in Method A (EN 391). There is no delamination in the glue lines.
21
22. All 10 beams were conditioned were in normal environment conditions (relative humidity 65 + 5 %; temperature 20 + 2º C) for 7 days. The points used for measuring moisture content are shown in the following figure.
3. MOISTURE RESISTANCE OF CELLUWOOD BEAMS (LIGNIN RESIN)
22
23. The maximum difference in moisture content between lamellas is <2%, so the dimensional stability of CELLUWOOD beams is excellent.
23
24. 24
Volumetric shrinkage
The standards used for determining the volumetric shrinkage of CELLUWOOD beams were a combination of UNE 56533 (Physical-mechanical characteristics of wood. Determination of linear and volumetric shrinkage) and ISO 4858 (Wood - Determination of volumetric shrinkage) standards.
The International Standard specifies two methods for the determination of the volumetric shrinkage of wood. The method chosen in the project was the mercury volumenometer method, used for test pieces of any shape.
26. Sample
βν (%)
ν (%)
SL (parallel to glue line) (%)
SL (parallel to glue line) (%)
SL (longitudinal) (%)
1
10.82
0.25
4.18
5.02
1.16
2
10.33
0.27
4.01
4.46
1.23
3
10.76
0.26
3.96
5.14
1.07
4
10.32
0.30
4.01
4.67
1.03
5
10.45
0.25
4.11
4.81
1.18
6
10.34
0.29
4.00
5.08
1.14
7
9.98
0.24
4.14
4.74
1.01
8
10.43
0.28
3.95
5.06
1.11
9
10.64
0.31
4.14
4.91
1.20
10
10.91
0.25
4.19
4.87
1.12
Average
10.50
0.27
4.07
4.88
1.13
Standard deviation
0.28
0.02
0.09
0.21
0.07
Total volumetric shrinkage: βν
Volumetric shrinkage coefficient: ν
Total linear shrinkage: SL
The total volumetric shrinkage (10.5%) and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient (0.27%) are significantly lower than those corresponding to Norway spruce timber used for the beams (12.6% and 0.45%, respectively). With respect to shrinkage, CELLUWOOD beams are appropriate for outdoor use. They have a good dimensional behaviour regarding shrinkage, compared with standard timber.
26
27. Volumetric swelling
The standard used for determining the volumetric swelling of the CELLUWOOD beams was ISO 4860 (Wood - Determination of volumetric swelling). That Internation Standard specifies two methods for the determination of the volumetric swelling of wood. The method chosen in the project was the mercury volumenometer method, used for test pieces of any shape.
27
28. Total volumetric swelling: ανmax
Volumetric swelling: ανn
Sample
ανmax (%)
ανn (%)
1
10.13
2.87
2
9.91
3.10
3
10.31
2.93
4
10.40
3.21
5
10.28
2.97
6
10.02
3.01
7
9.96
2.85
8
10.38
2.93
9
10.09
3.11
10
10.21
2.90
Average
10.17
2.99
Standard deviation
0.17
0.12
The total volumetric volumetric swelling (10.17%) is significantly lower than those corresponding to Norway spruce timber used for the beams (13.2%). With respect to swelling, CELLUWOOD beams are appropriate for outdoor use. They have a good dimensional behaviour regarding swelling, compared with standard timber.
28
30. 30
Results for PUR beams:
•Good quality timber in all lamellae: C24-C40
•MOE of lamellae between 10900 and 15700 N/mm2
•All glue lines without cracks, holes or discontinuities
32. 32
Results for commercial MUF beams:
•Good quality timber in all lamellae: C24-C40
•MOE of lamellae between 11551 and 14897 N/mm2
•All glue lines without cracks, holes or discontinuities
34. 34
Results for lignin beams:
•Good quality timber in all lamellae: C20-C40
•MOE of lamellae between 10425 and 16534 N/mm2
•All glue lines without cracks, holes or discontinuities
35. 4. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SMALL SAMPLES FROM CELLUWOOD BEAMS
STANDARD
RESULT
Density (kg/m3)
UNE 56531
498
Moisture content (%)
EN 12183-1
10.4
Bending strength (N/mm2)
UNE 56537
80.1
Modulus of Elasticity
UNE 56537
10160
Total volumetric shrinkage (%)
UNE 56533
12.6
Shrinkage coefficient (%)
UNE 56533
0.45
Linear shrinkage. Radial direction (%)
UNE 56533
4.14
Linear shrinkage. Tangential direction (%)
UNE 56533
7.78
Linear shrinkage. Longitudinal direction (%)
UNE 56533
0.26
Higroscopicity (kg/cm3)
UNE 56532
0.0025
Axial compression C12 (kg/cm2)
UNE 56535
476
Compression strength perpendicular to grain. Radial face (N/mm2)
UNE 56542
97.5
Compression strength perpendicular to grain. Tangential face (N/mm2)
UNE 56542
95.6
Shear strength (N/mm2)
UNE 56543
73.6
Tension strength perpendicular to grain. Radial direction (N/mm2)
UNE 56538
11.6
The general properties of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) timber used in CELLUWOOD beams were determined at AIDIMA Laboratories.
Each value shown in the table is the average value of 30 samples (3 samples from each beam).
35
36. According to EN 408:2010, mechanical properties were determined in small samples of CELLUWOOD beams made of Norway spruce (Picea abies) lamellae glued with the final lignin resin developed in the project. When possible, the dimensions of the samples maintained the real geometry of the lamellae of which beams are made.
Bending strength (MOR) and global modulus of elasticity (MOE)
Sample
Bending strength (N/mm2)
Global modulus of Elasticity (N/mm2)
1
71.28
12580
2
73.12
11623
3
81.03
12961
4
76.25
12098
5
68.67
11483
6
78.24
12856
7
74.91
12755
8
66.94
12136
9
72.27
13546
10
78.23
13865
Average
74.09
12590
Standard deviation
4.48
773
Characteristic value of MOR for glulam classified as GL24h: 24 N/mm2
Characteristic value of MOE for glulam classified as GL24h: 11600 N/mm2
36
37. Compression strength parallel to grain
Sample
Compression strength parallel to grain (N/mm2)
1
42.50
2
44.12
3
40.21
4
44.62
5
41.37
6
44.06
7
42.48
8
43.81
9
41.95
10
44.23
Average
42.94
Standard deviation
1.46
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL24h: 24 N/mm2
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL36h: 31 N/mm2
37
38. Compression strength perpendicular to grain
Sample
Compression strength perpendicular to grain (N/mm2)
1
3.93
2
4.19
3
4.23
4
3.91
5
4.11
6
3.85
7
4.18
8
3.96
9
4.12
10
3.88
Average
4.03
Standard deviation
0.14
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL24h: 2.7 N/mm2
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL36h: 3.6 N/mm2
38
40. Shear strength
Sample
Shear strength (N/mm2)
1
6.60
2
5.51
3
5.93
4
6.07
5
6.23
6
5.79
7
6.01
8
5.86
9
6.33
10
5.98
Average
6.03
Standard deviation
0.30
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL24h: 2.7 N/mm2
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL36h: 4.3 N/mm2
40
42. Tension strength parallel to grain
Sample
Tension strength parallel to grain (N/mm2)
1
21.31
2
20.67
3
19.48
4
20.71
5
21.46
6
19.92
7
20.52
8
19.78
9
20.07
10
21.56
Average
20.55
Standard deviation
0.73
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL24h: 16.5 N/mm2
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL28h: 19.5 N/mm2
42
43. Tension strength perpendicular to grain
Sample
Tension strength perpendicular to grain (N/mm2)
1
1.92
2
1.77
3
1.56
4
1.89
5
1.48
6
1.79
7
1.84
8
1.43
9
1.91
10
1.42
Average
1.70
Standard deviation
0.21
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL24h: 0.4 N/mm2
Characteristic value of this property for glulam classified as GL36h: 0.6 N/mm2
43
45. 45
EN 408:2011+A1:2012 Timber structures – Structural timber and glued laminated timber – Determination of some physical and mechanical properties specifies test methods for determining most of the strength and stiffness properties of structural and glued laminated timber.
Section 19. Determination of bending strength
Section 10. Determination of global modulus of elasticity in bending
5. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CELLUWOOD BEAMS DETERMINED FROM FULL-SIZE SPECIMENS
56. 56
The average MOE for lignin beams is 45% greater than the average MOE for MUF beams
12425
15135
18027
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
MUF
PUR
LIGNIN
Average MOE (MPa)