Cells
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This document describes different types of animal and plant cells and their specialized functions. Animal cells include red blood cells, nerve cells, and reproductive cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen and have a large surface area and hemoglobin. Nerve cells carry nerve impulses and electrical signals and have long connections. Reproductive cells join during reproduction - egg cells contain cytoplasm while sperm cells can swim, reach the egg, and join with it. Plant cells also have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus but additionally have a chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall. Specialized plant cells include root hair cells which absorb water and minerals and leaf cells which absorb sunlight for photosynthesis using many chloroplasts. The document also briefly explains diffusion and osm
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Gametogenesis leading to the formation of male gametes in angiosperms occurs in two stages:
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The document discusses female gametophyte development in plants. It begins with meiosis forming a haploid megaspore from the diploid megaspore mother cell. This megaspore then develops into the female gametophyte inside the ovule. Transcription factors and hormone gradients influence the development and cell specification of the female gametophyte. The mature female gametophyte contains seven cells - one egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells, and one central cell formed from two fused polar nuclei. The female gametophyte facilitates fertilization and influences early seed development.
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spermatogenesis oogenesis ovulation fertilization
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Red blood cells have a dimpled shape that increases their surface area to carry more oxygen. They contain hemoglobin which picks up oxygen in the lungs and transports it throughout the body while also carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs. White blood cells are made in the bone marrow and form part of the immune system. They protect the body by patrolling the bloodstream and fighting pathogens like viruses and bacteria. Nerve cells are elongated with branches that connect to other nerve cells and are insulated to quickly pass nerve impulses around the body. Sperm cells have a long tail to swim and find eggs, and enzymes in the head to penetrate the egg and carry the father's DNA.
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Red blood cells have a dimpled shape with a large surface area to carry oxygen. They contain haemoglobin and have no nucleus, allowing more space for oxygen. Their function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide back. White blood cells are made in bone marrow and form part of the immune system. They protect the body by finding and destroying pathogens. Nerve cells are elongated with branches to connect to other nerve cells. The long axis is insulated to quickly pass nerve impulses around the body. Sperm cells have a long tail to swim and find eggs. The head contains enzymes to help enter the egg and carry the father's DNA.
2.2.3 cytoplasm UEC Senior 1 Biology 独中高一生物
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3 ther 608 # 2-male anatomy
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Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells were the first to evolve and are much smaller, containing a cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and some organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, containing a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope and specialized organelles that carry out different functions. The organelles work together through the transport of vesicles to synthesize proteins and carry out other processes necessary for cellular function.
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Cell summary
Specialized Cells
- Cells come in different shapes and sizes and have different structures and functions depending on their role in the body.
- Animal cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus while plant cells also contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.
- Some specialized cell types include red blood cells which carry oxygen, nerve cells which transmit electrical signals, sperm cells which fertilize eggs, root hair cells which absorb water and minerals, and leaf cells which perform photosynthesis using chloroplasts.
cellFUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE CLASS9 .ppt
Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells, which are the smallest living units that make up organisms. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells, which were the first cells on Earth and include bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which have membrane-bound organelles and include plant, animal, fungi and protist cells. All cells contain organelles that allow them to carry out essential functions through structures like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane.
Life processes and cell activity
Explain the importance of life processes, explain the nucleus and other jobs in a cell. explains key features of specialised cells and importance of plant organs.
Cells ( Olevel Biology)
The document discusses cells, their structure and function. It explains that cells are the basic unit of life and consist of a nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and a plasma membrane. The key components and functions of plant and animal cells are described. Specialized cell types are adapted to their specific functions through differences in shape, structures, and components. Cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems that work together to carry out essential life functions.
1 cellstructure
This document discusses cell structure and function. It describes that cells are the basic units of all living things and vary in shape, size and content depending on their function. The key parts of animal and plant cells are then outlined, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall and other organelles. The functions of these structures are explained. In particular, it notes that plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall while animal cells do not.
Cell parts 09-0.ppt
All living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall allow cells to carry out functions necessary for life.
Cell parts 09-0.ppt
All living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall allow cells to carry out functions necessary for life.
Cell parts 09-0.ppt
All living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life. There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles or nuclei, while eukaryotic cells do. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell walls enable cells to carry out functions necessary for life like metabolism, transport, and waste removal. The document provides descriptions of these key cellular structures.
Genetics Lab 3-Cell.pptx
1. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
2. Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and contain organelles that carry out specialized functions. The key components of cells include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
3. Over time, scientists developed the cell theory which states that all living things are made of cells, cells only come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms. The development of advanced microscopes helped reveal the internal structures and components of cells.
Cell parts 09 0 (2)
Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types - prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and membrane-bound organelles. Organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, chloroplasts and cell wall allow cells to carry out essential functions of life like metabolism, transport, waste removal and photosynthesis. The document outlines the key structures and functions of organelles in plant and animal cells.
cell.pptx
1. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
2. Cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic units of structure and function.
3. Key parts of the cell include the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, which contains various organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
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Cells
- 1. Animal Cells • Cell membrane; • Cytoplasm; • Nucleus;
- 2. Vegetal Cells • Cell membrane; • Cytoplasm; • Nucleus; • Chloroplast; • Vacuole; • Cell wall.
- 3. SPECIALISED CELLS OF ANIMAL • Red blood cells; • Nerve cells; • Female reproductive cells (egg cells); • Male reproductive cells (sperm cells);
- 4. Red blood cells: Function: • To carry oxygen; • Large surface area; • Haemoglobin.
- 5. Nerve cells: Functions: • To carry nerve impulses; • Long connections at each end; • To carry electrical signals.
- 6. Female reproductive cells (egg cells): Functions: • To join with male cell; • They contains lots of cytoplasm.
- 7. Male reproductive cells (sperm cells): Functions: • To reach female cell and join with it; • Long tail for swimming; • head for getting into the female cell.
- 8. SPECIALISED CELLS OF PLANTS • Root hair cells; • Leaf cells.
- 9. Root hair cells: Functions: • To absorb water and minerals; • Large surface area.
- 10. Leaf cells: Functions: • To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis; • Large surface area; • Lots of chloroplasts.
- 11. DIFFUSION Diffusion Dissolved substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell. From a high to a low concentration (concentration gradient ).
- 12. OSMOSIS Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane. Concentration is the same.