Honolulu Cloning Technique
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Teruhiko Wakayama and Ryuzo Yanagimachi created the process of cloning mice in 1998 at the University of Hawaii. The process involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell. The new cell is then cultured and the embryo is placed in a surrogate mother, where the process can be repeated to create multiple cloned mice. While the success rate is only 3%, this is higher than the second most successful cloning technique. The cloning of mice allows for further research into how egg cells reprogram nuclei and long term cloning results.
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Annie reich
The Honolulu Technique is one of three cloning methods that can produce live cloned offspring from adult animal cells. It was developed by scientists at the University of Hawaii who successfully cloned mice over five generations. The technique involves removing the nucleus from a donor cell, transferring it into an egg, stimulating the egg to divide, and implanting the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother. While it is more successful than other cloning methods and may help treat diseases, it is also expensive, reduces genetic diversity, and requires many attempts due to mutations.
Honolulu technique
The Honolulu Technique is a cloning method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii. It involves extracting the nucleus from a donor cell, injecting it into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed, and stimulating the new cell to divide using chemical baths rather than electric shocks. This technique has achieved a 3% success rate for cloning mice over 5 generations. Its uses include disease research and producing transplant organs, but is not intended for human cloning due to ethical concerns.
Honolulu cloning technique
The Honolulu Cloning Technique is a cloning method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii that uses adult cells and nuclei to clone mice over multiple generations. It involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell, injecting the nucleus of a donor cell, and chemically stimulating the new cell to grow. This creates embryos that are implanted in surrogate mothers. The technique was used successfully to clone three generations of mice and has the benefits of higher success rates and allowing further research, but also has risks like trial and error failures, reduced genetic diversity, and expense.
Rosalin Technique
The document discusses the Rosalin Technique, a type of cloning developed by researchers at the Rosalin Institute. It was used to create Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell. Researchers took mammary gland cells from one sheep and the egg cell from another, then fused the cell nuclei together using electricity. The procedure was repeated 276 times before resulting in the birth of Dolly 148 days later. While the technique advanced scientific understanding, it also raised ethical concerns about cloning.
The roslin technique
The Roslin Technique was used to create Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. Researchers at the Roslin Institute took a mammary gland cell from an adult sheep and inserted its nucleus into an egg cell from another sheep. After being fused together with electricity, the reprogrammed cell was implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. Dolly was successfully born in 1996 as a healthy, normal lamb and lived until 2003.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer ppt
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned using SCNT in 1996. SCNT has not been used to clone humans due to lack of government funding and ethical concerns regarding human cloning.
Cloning in mammals: Dolly the sheep
The document discusses the history of cloning research leading up to the creation of Dolly the sheep. Key experiments include the first demonstration of cloning in sea urchins in 1885, cloning in salamanders in 1902 and 1928 which showed the nucleus directs development, and the first mammalian cloning experiment producing a rabbit embryo in 1975. Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, created in 1996 from a mammary gland cell, living until age 6 and giving birth to 6 lambs of her own. Studies of her clones provided insight into aging concerns. Advances since include stem cell research and understanding nuclear reprogramming.
Dolly the sheep
Dolly the sheep was the first cloned mammal, born in 1996 in Scotland. Scientists took a cell from Dolly and developed it artificially so that it became an exact copy of her through somatic cell nuclear transfer. This involved transferring the nucleus of the adult cell into an egg cell that had its nucleus removed. The hybrid cell was stimulated to divide with an electric shock and implanted in a surrogate mother. Sadly, Dolly died in 2003 at the early age of six from lung disease and premature arthritis because her cells were already old when she was cloned. Cloning may help preserve endangered species and could be important for producing transgenic livestock in the future.
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Annie reich
The Honolulu Technique is one of three cloning methods that can produce live cloned offspring from adult animal cells. It was developed by scientists at the University of Hawaii who successfully cloned mice over five generations. The technique involves removing the nucleus from a donor cell, transferring it into an egg, stimulating the egg to divide, and implanting the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother. While it is more successful than other cloning methods and may help treat diseases, it is also expensive, reduces genetic diversity, and requires many attempts due to mutations.
Honolulu technique
The Honolulu Technique is a cloning method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii. It involves extracting the nucleus from a donor cell, injecting it into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed, and stimulating the new cell to divide using chemical baths rather than electric shocks. This technique has achieved a 3% success rate for cloning mice over 5 generations. Its uses include disease research and producing transplant organs, but is not intended for human cloning due to ethical concerns.
Honolulu cloning technique
The Honolulu Cloning Technique is a cloning method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii that uses adult cells and nuclei to clone mice over multiple generations. It involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell, injecting the nucleus of a donor cell, and chemically stimulating the new cell to grow. This creates embryos that are implanted in surrogate mothers. The technique was used successfully to clone three generations of mice and has the benefits of higher success rates and allowing further research, but also has risks like trial and error failures, reduced genetic diversity, and expense.
Rosalin Technique
The document discusses the Rosalin Technique, a type of cloning developed by researchers at the Rosalin Institute. It was used to create Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell. Researchers took mammary gland cells from one sheep and the egg cell from another, then fused the cell nuclei together using electricity. The procedure was repeated 276 times before resulting in the birth of Dolly 148 days later. While the technique advanced scientific understanding, it also raised ethical concerns about cloning.
The roslin technique
The Roslin Technique was used to create Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. Researchers at the Roslin Institute took a mammary gland cell from an adult sheep and inserted its nucleus into an egg cell from another sheep. After being fused together with electricity, the reprogrammed cell was implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. Dolly was successfully born in 1996 as a healthy, normal lamb and lived until 2003.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer ppt
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned using SCNT in 1996. SCNT has not been used to clone humans due to lack of government funding and ethical concerns regarding human cloning.
Cloning in mammals: Dolly the sheep
The document discusses the history of cloning research leading up to the creation of Dolly the sheep. Key experiments include the first demonstration of cloning in sea urchins in 1885, cloning in salamanders in 1902 and 1928 which showed the nucleus directs development, and the first mammalian cloning experiment producing a rabbit embryo in 1975. Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, created in 1996 from a mammary gland cell, living until age 6 and giving birth to 6 lambs of her own. Studies of her clones provided insight into aging concerns. Advances since include stem cell research and understanding nuclear reprogramming.
Dolly the sheep
Dolly the sheep was the first cloned mammal, born in 1996 in Scotland. Scientists took a cell from Dolly and developed it artificially so that it became an exact copy of her through somatic cell nuclear transfer. This involved transferring the nucleus of the adult cell into an egg cell that had its nucleus removed. The hybrid cell was stimulated to divide with an electric shock and implanted in a surrogate mother. Sadly, Dolly died in 2003 at the early age of six from lung disease and premature arthritis because her cells were already old when she was cloned. Cloning may help preserve endangered species and could be important for producing transgenic livestock in the future.
Cloning
This document summarizes the key aspects of cloning, including:
1) Cloning produces genetically identical organisms through artificial means like somatic cell nuclear transfer. Natural identical twins are a form of natural cloning.
2) Therapeutic cloning can be used to create patient-matched stem cells for research and potential future medical treatments by transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell.
3) Reproductive cloning aims to create a new organism but raises significant ethical concerns about undermining individuality and identity. The high failure rate of cloning also raises safety issues.
5.1 mitosis
The document discusses mitosis and cell division. It describes the stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It also discusses the importance of mitosis for growth and repair of organisms. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer if cells divide rapidly and unregulated. Knowledge of mitosis is applied in cloning to produce genetically identical individuals.
Cloning
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. The document outlines the history of cloning experiments from sea urchins in 1894 to Dolly the sheep in 1996. It describes the main types as DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning aims to create copies of existing organisms while therapeutic cloning produces stem cells for medical research. The document discusses advantages like maintaining good genetics in animals, risks like low success rates and health issues in clones, and applications in biomedical research and livestock breeding.
Honolulu cloning technique
The Honolulu Cloning Technique is a method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii that uses adult cells and nuclei for cloning mice in multiple generations. It involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell, injecting a donor nucleus, and chemically stimulating cell growth to create embryos that are then implanted in surrogate mothers. This technique was successfully used to produce three generations of cloned mice and had benefits like a higher success rate than other methods and providing insights into egg reprogramming. However, it also had risks like trial and error causing mutations initially and reducing genetic diversity.
Cloning
Cloning involves creating genetically identical copies of plants, animals, and potentially humans. Modern cloning techniques include tissue culture, embryo transplants, and animal cell cloning. Tissue culture uses small groups of plant cells to grow new plants, while embryo transplants involve splitting early animal embryos for implantation. Animal cell cloning transfers the nucleus of an adult cell into an egg cell to produce an embryo clone. Cloning has advantages like rapidly multiplying desirable farm animals, but also raises ethical concerns about identical genetics and potential human cloning.
Dolly-The Cloned Sheep
Dolly was the first cloned mammal, a sheep born in 1996 in Scotland. She was cloned from an adult mammary cell using somatic cell nuclear transfer, involving removing the nucleus of an egg and replacing it with the nucleus of the donor cell. Dolly had three mothers - one provided the egg, one the donor cell DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo. Dolly lived almost 7 years and gave birth to six lambs before being euthanized for progressive lung disease.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 CHAPTER 5 - 5.3 B (Genetics Application)
The document discusses various applications of genetics including DNA technologies that allow studying and modifying genes, cloning which reproduces identical copies of organisms, and the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. It also covers cloning of other animals, the high failure rate of cloning, human cloning using stem cells from embryos, gene therapy techniques, genetic diseases that can be treated, selective breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits, and examples of hybridization.
"Cloning 101" -Biology investigatory project (class 12)
I have uploaded the complete document, with all the pages including the cover page, the acknowledgement, certificate and contents along with the Project content. Just download it and modify it and your project is ready, if that is all you have wanted. Otherwise use it as a reference for your project. "!!! IF YOU FIND IT WORTHY AT ALL, THEN GIVE ME A LIKE !!!" - It will motivate me to upload more such documents. -THANK YOU
A2 Cloning animals
1. There are two main methods of cloning animals - embryo splitting and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryo splitting involves splitting a fertilized egg into multiple embryos and implanting them, while nuclear transfer involves transferring the nucleus of a donor cell into an egg cell.
2. Cloning can be used to create genetically identical animals with desirable traits and to replicate endangered species. It is also used to create transgenic animals that produce pharmaceuticals in their milk, like Tracey the sheep which produced human alpha-1-anti-trypsin in her milk.
3. While cloning has advantages like replicating desirable traits, it also has disadvantages like low success rates, health problems in clones, and lack of genetic diversity making clones
Cloning experiments in amphibians, mammals and human
The above provided presentation include the description about the cloning experiments conducted in amphibians, mammals and humans
Cloning
I do not have a personal view on these issues. My role is to objectively summarize the information provided.
Cloning within animals
This document discusses animal cloning. It defines animal cloning as the artificial creation of a genetically identical animal with the same DNA. Therapeutic cloning is used for medical research by cloning cells from adults, while reproductive cloning creates cloned animals. The cloning process involves extracting DNA from a donor cell and placing it into an egg cell whose nucleus was removed. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. The document lists many animals that have been successfully cloned.
Cloning in mammals by nuclear transfer technique...
It is a genetic copy of another living organism cloned organism are produced asexually i.e. sperm does not fertile with egg.
Cloning
This document provides an overview of cloning including:
1) A brief history of cloning experiments dating back to the 1800s and important early experiments on frogs and mammals.
2) An explanation of the three main methods scientists use to clone cells: blastomere separation, blastocyst division, and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
3) A discussion of the potential benefits of cloning such as developing cures for diseases using stem cells and preserving endangered species.
Issues related to reproductive and cloning techniques
This document discusses the history and current state of cloning technology. It begins with early cloning experiments on frogs in 1952 and discovery of DNA structure in 1953. Major milestones include the first IVF baby in 1978, cloning of human embryos in 1993, and Dolly the sheep in 1996. While cloning of animals has potential for preserving endangered species and developing medical treatments, human reproductive cloning raises ethical concerns about genetic harm, altered relationships, and commodification of human life. The document examines debates around therapeutic versus reproductive cloning and regulations in different countries.
Animal Cloning Procedure, Problems and Perspectives
Cloning in farm animals has problems and perspectives. Key issues include developmental anomalies in cloned animals, the large offspring syndrome observed in cattle and sheep clones, and safety apprehensions regarding meat and milk from cloned animals. However, cloning also has potential applications for transgenic animal production, creating disease models, bioreactors, and research into xenotransplantation. It allows the propagation of elite livestock and conservation of endangered species. Further optimization is needed to improve cloning efficiency and resolve health issues.
AP Biology Ch. 16 Embryonic Development and Cloning
The document discusses the genetic basis of development from a single-celled zygote to a complex multicellular organism. It describes three key processes - cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis - that overlap during embryonic development. A series of classic experiments provided evidence for the concept of genomic equivalence, showing that differentiated cells contain all the genetic information to generate a new individual. Stem cells offer potential medical applications but also raise ethical issues.
Whole animal clones
There are different types of cloning including therapeutic cloning which makes new cells to study or implant, whole animal cloning which creates a new animal from an existing animal's cell, and DNA cloning which copies genes. Whole animal cloning has been occurring naturally for a long time through identical twins and split embryos. Scientists first cloned adult frogs in 1952, fish in 1965, and in 1996 cloned Dolly the sheep, a major breakthrough.
Developmental Biology
1. The document discusses gradient theory and nuclear transplantation. Gradient theory proposes that embryonic development is controlled by gradients of factors from the animal to vegetal pole. Nuclear transplantation involves removing the nucleus from a donor cell and transplanting it into an enucleated egg.
2. The document describes two types of gradient theories - the single gradient theory involving one factor and the double gradient theory involving antagonistic animal and vegetal gradients. It provides examples of experiments supporting these theories.
3. Nuclear transplantation techniques are explained, including types of transplantation. Experiments transplanting nuclei between frog species resulted in normal development, showing the totipotency of early nuclei.
Power point presentation
This document discusses animal cloning. It defines animal cloning as obtaining complete animals from the somatic cells of another animal. The first cloned animal was Dolly the sheep, cloned from an adult somatic cell in 1996. Cloning can now be done for both reproductive purposes and to produce stem cells for medical research. Benefits include creating genetically identical animals for organ transplants or preserving endangered species. However, risks include mutations from donor cell errors and death from mitochondrial mismatches between donor eggs and somatic cells. Overall, cloning produces exact copies of animals but the process is expensive with a low success rate.
Somatic cell nuclear_transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a cloning method that involves removing the nucleus from a somatic cell and placing it in an egg cell. The key steps are removing the nucleus from the organism being cloned and an egg cell, placing the organism's nucleus into the egg cell, stimulating the egg cell with a shock, and allowing it to divide. SCNT is mostly used for animal cloning and produced Dolly the sheep, but has limitations as it requires many attempts and does not perfectly transfer all DNA.
asssistedreproductivetechniques-190502180102.pdf
This document discusses various assisted reproductive techniques (ART) used to treat infertility. It begins by defining ART and infertility. It then describes techniques like artificial insemination (IUI, ICI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and surrogacy. For each technique, it provides details on the procedure, indications for use, and success rates. It concludes by discussing some risks associated with IVF and ICSI and outlining the two types of gestational surrogacy.
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Cloning
This document summarizes the key aspects of cloning, including:
1) Cloning produces genetically identical organisms through artificial means like somatic cell nuclear transfer. Natural identical twins are a form of natural cloning.
2) Therapeutic cloning can be used to create patient-matched stem cells for research and potential future medical treatments by transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell into an egg cell.
3) Reproductive cloning aims to create a new organism but raises significant ethical concerns about undermining individuality and identity. The high failure rate of cloning also raises safety issues.
5.1 mitosis
The document discusses mitosis and cell division. It describes the stages of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. It also discusses the importance of mitosis for growth and repair of organisms. Uncontrolled mitosis can lead to cancer if cells divide rapidly and unregulated. Knowledge of mitosis is applied in cloning to produce genetically identical individuals.
Cloning
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. The document outlines the history of cloning experiments from sea urchins in 1894 to Dolly the sheep in 1996. It describes the main types as DNA cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning aims to create copies of existing organisms while therapeutic cloning produces stem cells for medical research. The document discusses advantages like maintaining good genetics in animals, risks like low success rates and health issues in clones, and applications in biomedical research and livestock breeding.
Honolulu cloning technique
The Honolulu Cloning Technique is a method developed in 1998 at the University of Hawaii that uses adult cells and nuclei for cloning mice in multiple generations. It involves removing the nucleus from an egg cell, injecting a donor nucleus, and chemically stimulating cell growth to create embryos that are then implanted in surrogate mothers. This technique was successfully used to produce three generations of cloned mice and had benefits like a higher success rate than other methods and providing insights into egg reprogramming. However, it also had risks like trial and error causing mutations initially and reducing genetic diversity.
Cloning
Cloning involves creating genetically identical copies of plants, animals, and potentially humans. Modern cloning techniques include tissue culture, embryo transplants, and animal cell cloning. Tissue culture uses small groups of plant cells to grow new plants, while embryo transplants involve splitting early animal embryos for implantation. Animal cell cloning transfers the nucleus of an adult cell into an egg cell to produce an embryo clone. Cloning has advantages like rapidly multiplying desirable farm animals, but also raises ethical concerns about identical genetics and potential human cloning.
Dolly-The Cloned Sheep
Dolly was the first cloned mammal, a sheep born in 1996 in Scotland. She was cloned from an adult mammary cell using somatic cell nuclear transfer, involving removing the nucleus of an egg and replacing it with the nucleus of the donor cell. Dolly had three mothers - one provided the egg, one the donor cell DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo. Dolly lived almost 7 years and gave birth to six lambs before being euthanized for progressive lung disease.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 CHAPTER 5 - 5.3 B (Genetics Application)
The document discusses various applications of genetics including DNA technologies that allow studying and modifying genes, cloning which reproduces identical copies of organisms, and the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. It also covers cloning of other animals, the high failure rate of cloning, human cloning using stem cells from embryos, gene therapy techniques, genetic diseases that can be treated, selective breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits, and examples of hybridization.
"Cloning 101" -Biology investigatory project (class 12)
I have uploaded the complete document, with all the pages including the cover page, the acknowledgement, certificate and contents along with the Project content. Just download it and modify it and your project is ready, if that is all you have wanted. Otherwise use it as a reference for your project. "!!! IF YOU FIND IT WORTHY AT ALL, THEN GIVE ME A LIKE !!!" - It will motivate me to upload more such documents. -THANK YOU
A2 Cloning animals
1. There are two main methods of cloning animals - embryo splitting and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Embryo splitting involves splitting a fertilized egg into multiple embryos and implanting them, while nuclear transfer involves transferring the nucleus of a donor cell into an egg cell.
2. Cloning can be used to create genetically identical animals with desirable traits and to replicate endangered species. It is also used to create transgenic animals that produce pharmaceuticals in their milk, like Tracey the sheep which produced human alpha-1-anti-trypsin in her milk.
3. While cloning has advantages like replicating desirable traits, it also has disadvantages like low success rates, health problems in clones, and lack of genetic diversity making clones
Cloning experiments in amphibians, mammals and human
The above provided presentation include the description about the cloning experiments conducted in amphibians, mammals and humans
Cloning
I do not have a personal view on these issues. My role is to objectively summarize the information provided.
Cloning within animals
This document discusses animal cloning. It defines animal cloning as the artificial creation of a genetically identical animal with the same DNA. Therapeutic cloning is used for medical research by cloning cells from adults, while reproductive cloning creates cloned animals. The cloning process involves extracting DNA from a donor cell and placing it into an egg cell whose nucleus was removed. Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. The document lists many animals that have been successfully cloned.
Cloning in mammals by nuclear transfer technique...
It is a genetic copy of another living organism cloned organism are produced asexually i.e. sperm does not fertile with egg.
Cloning
This document provides an overview of cloning including:
1) A brief history of cloning experiments dating back to the 1800s and important early experiments on frogs and mammals.
2) An explanation of the three main methods scientists use to clone cells: blastomere separation, blastocyst division, and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
3) A discussion of the potential benefits of cloning such as developing cures for diseases using stem cells and preserving endangered species.
Issues related to reproductive and cloning techniques
This document discusses the history and current state of cloning technology. It begins with early cloning experiments on frogs in 1952 and discovery of DNA structure in 1953. Major milestones include the first IVF baby in 1978, cloning of human embryos in 1993, and Dolly the sheep in 1996. While cloning of animals has potential for preserving endangered species and developing medical treatments, human reproductive cloning raises ethical concerns about genetic harm, altered relationships, and commodification of human life. The document examines debates around therapeutic versus reproductive cloning and regulations in different countries.
Animal Cloning Procedure, Problems and Perspectives
Cloning in farm animals has problems and perspectives. Key issues include developmental anomalies in cloned animals, the large offspring syndrome observed in cattle and sheep clones, and safety apprehensions regarding meat and milk from cloned animals. However, cloning also has potential applications for transgenic animal production, creating disease models, bioreactors, and research into xenotransplantation. It allows the propagation of elite livestock and conservation of endangered species. Further optimization is needed to improve cloning efficiency and resolve health issues.
AP Biology Ch. 16 Embryonic Development and Cloning
The document discusses the genetic basis of development from a single-celled zygote to a complex multicellular organism. It describes three key processes - cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis - that overlap during embryonic development. A series of classic experiments provided evidence for the concept of genomic equivalence, showing that differentiated cells contain all the genetic information to generate a new individual. Stem cells offer potential medical applications but also raise ethical issues.
Whole animal clones
There are different types of cloning including therapeutic cloning which makes new cells to study or implant, whole animal cloning which creates a new animal from an existing animal's cell, and DNA cloning which copies genes. Whole animal cloning has been occurring naturally for a long time through identical twins and split embryos. Scientists first cloned adult frogs in 1952, fish in 1965, and in 1996 cloned Dolly the sheep, a major breakthrough.
Developmental Biology
1. The document discusses gradient theory and nuclear transplantation. Gradient theory proposes that embryonic development is controlled by gradients of factors from the animal to vegetal pole. Nuclear transplantation involves removing the nucleus from a donor cell and transplanting it into an enucleated egg.
2. The document describes two types of gradient theories - the single gradient theory involving one factor and the double gradient theory involving antagonistic animal and vegetal gradients. It provides examples of experiments supporting these theories.
3. Nuclear transplantation techniques are explained, including types of transplantation. Experiments transplanting nuclei between frog species resulted in normal development, showing the totipotency of early nuclei.
Power point presentation
This document discusses animal cloning. It defines animal cloning as obtaining complete animals from the somatic cells of another animal. The first cloned animal was Dolly the sheep, cloned from an adult somatic cell in 1996. Cloning can now be done for both reproductive purposes and to produce stem cells for medical research. Benefits include creating genetically identical animals for organ transplants or preserving endangered species. However, risks include mutations from donor cell errors and death from mitochondrial mismatches between donor eggs and somatic cells. Overall, cloning produces exact copies of animals but the process is expensive with a low success rate.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 CHAPTER 5 - 5.3 B (Genetics Application)
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"Cloning 101" -Biology investigatory project (class 12)
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Cloning experiments in amphibians, mammals and human
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Cloning in mammals by nuclear transfer technique...
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Animal Cloning Procedure, Problems and Perspectives
AP Biology Ch. 16 Embryonic Development and Cloning
AP Biology Ch. 16 Embryonic Development and Cloning
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a cloning method that involves removing the nucleus from a somatic cell and placing it in an egg cell. The key steps are removing the nucleus from the organism being cloned and an egg cell, placing the organism's nucleus into the egg cell, stimulating the egg cell with a shock, and allowing it to divide. SCNT is mostly used for animal cloning and produced Dolly the sheep, but has limitations as it requires many attempts and does not perfectly transfer all DNA.
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This document discusses various assisted reproductive techniques (ART) used to treat infertility. It begins by defining ART and infertility. It then describes techniques like artificial insemination (IUI, ICI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and surrogacy. For each technique, it provides details on the procedure, indications for use, and success rates. It concludes by discussing some risks associated with IVF and ICSI and outlining the two types of gestational surrogacy.
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This document discusses various assisted reproductive techniques (ART) used to treat infertility. It begins by defining ART and infertility. It then describes techniques like artificial insemination (IUI, ICI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and surrogacy. For each technique, it provides details on the procedure, indications for use, and success rates. It concludes by discussing some risks associated with IVF and ICSI, like prematurity, low birth weight, and possible genetic or epigenetic abnormalities in offspring.
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This document discusses cloning and its potential uses and controversies. It begins by defining DNA and RNA as the essential ingredients for life, carrying genetic information. It then defines cloning as the process of creating identical genetic copies, which occurs naturally but can also be achieved through biotechnology. The document outlines several methods of cloning, from gene cloning to somatic cell nuclear transfer. It notes cloning could allow targeted genetic manipulation and addresses both potential benefits, such as more efficient meat production, and concerns, such as the power it may one day give humanity over manipulating life. In closing, it states cloning removes uncertainty from selective breeding but that humanity is not yet ready to fully understand and utilize genetic manipulation.
Oogenesis
This document is an assignment on oogenesis submitted by a student. It contains a definition of oogenesis and describes the three main phases of oogenesis - the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase. During the growth phase, the oocyte undergoes two periods of growth: the previtellogenesis growth period and vitellogenesis growth period. In the previtellogenesis growth period, there is growth of nuclear and cytoplasmic substances as the oocyte increases in size, while vitellogenesis involves the synthesis and accumulation of yolk proteins and other nutrients. The assignment provides details on the key cellular and molecular events that occur during these different phases and periods of oogenesis.
Biology Ch 13
This document summarizes an interview with Terry Orr-Weaver, a biologist who studies chromosome partitioning during cell division and DNA replication. Some key points:
- Orr-Weaver switched from yeast to fruit flies as her model organism to study how cell division and pattern formation are coordinated during development.
- Her research group uses genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology approaches like microscopy to study these processes directly. For example, they tagged a protein involved in DNA replication to see where it localizes in cells.
- Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid by having an extra round of chromosome separation where maternal and paternal chromosomes are separated. This ensures sperm and eggs have one copy of
#SciChallenge2017 Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning occurs through asexual reproduction in bacteria, insects, and plants. Artificial cloning involves techniques used to clone DNA fragments, cells, or whole organisms. The first animal cloned was a frog in 1952. In 1996, Dolly the sheep was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. Cloning works by transferring the nucleus of a donor adult cell into an egg cell with its nucleus removed. Potential benefits include species preservation and medical research applications like organ transplants. However, cloning faces ethical concerns and technical challenges like low success rates and premature aging.
Cloning #SciChallenge2017
Cloning involves producing genetically identical copies of biological material. Researchers have cloned genes, cells, tissues and entire organisms like Dolly the sheep. There are three main types of cloning: gene cloning to copy DNA, reproductive cloning to copy whole animals, and therapeutic cloning to derive stem cells for research and potential medical treatments. While cloning techniques have advanced, human cloning remains controversial due to ethical concerns and lack of evidence it has been achieved. Therapeutic cloning could help medical research but requires embryo destruction.
Unit 4
Cloning involves making an exact genetic copy of an organism. There are two main methods - artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the method used to create Dolly the sheep. While cloning technology could help treat diseases, there are also significant ethical concerns about human cloning including challenges to individuality, legal issues, and potential health risks to cloned individuals. Overall, most experts argue that human reproductive cloning should not be allowed given current scientific limitations and serious ethical issues. Therapeutic cloning using SCNT to derive stem cells for research is seen as more promising but also raises ethical debates.
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Honolulu Cloning Technique
- 2. WHAT IS IT? Who created it? TeruhikoWakayama and RyuzoYanagimachi When was it created? 1998 Where was it created? The University of Hawaii
- 3. STEP 1 The nucleus of the egg cell is removed.
- 4. STEP 2 A donor nucleus is injected into the an egg
- 5. STEP 3 The new cell is now chemically cultures and jump starts cell growth.
- 6. STEP 4 The embryo is now created and is placed into the surrogate of the mother.
- 7. STEP 5 This process can now be repeated over and over again.
- 8. HOW CULD IT BE USED? “This new technique allows for further research into exactly how an egg reprograms a nucleus, since the cell functions and genomes of mice are some of the best understood. Mice also reproduce within months, much more rapidly than sheep. This aids in researching long term results.” - humancloning.org
- 9. DOES IT WORK? 3% of the time it works but that is a much better success rate than the 2nd most successful cloning technique called the Roslin Technique which has a 0.32% success rate.
- 10. BYE BYE!!! Thank you