The document compares eukaryotic cell components to parts of a city. It describes prokaryotes as typically smaller cells without nuclei, while eukaryotes are larger and more complex with nuclei. The main cell components of eukaryotes are then summarized as the cytoplasm being like the inner city containing organelles as businesses, the nucleus directing activities as the city hall, the endoplasmic reticulum transporting materials like highways and streets, and ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell wall, and cell membrane each playing roles analogous to various city infrastructure and services.

1. Cell City
Ch. 8.2

2. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
• Prokaryotic: Cells that do not have nuclei (bacteria/cyanobacteria)
• Typically smaller and less complex
• Eukaryotic: Cells that have a nucleus (plants and animal cells)
• Larger and more complex

3. Eukaryotes: Plants v. Animals

4. Cell Components: Cytoplasm
• “The inner city” the fluid in the cell which contains all the organelles.
• Organelles are like the “businesses” of the cell
• Cytoplasm fills the space from the nucleus to the cell membrane

5. Cell Components: The Nucleus
• “City hall” directs all the activities of the cell.
• Contains all the plans and blueprints in the form of DNA.

6. Cell Components: Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Like “highways and streets”, moves materials around the cell
• Extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

7. Cell Components: Ribosomes
• Like “factories” makes proteins that are transported along the E.R.
• Located on the E.R. or floating in the Cytoplasm

8. Cell Components: Golgi Apparatus
►“Post office”: Does not make anything but prepare materials for
shipment outside the cell

9. Cell Components: Vacuoles
• “Storage”: holds materials until needed later.
• One large vacuole is found in plant cells to store water.
• Lots of small vacuoles are scattered in animal cells.

10. Cell Components: Lysosomes
• “Sanitations”: produce chemicals that digests wastes and worn-out cell parts.
• When the cell dies the lysosomes break open and break down the cell.
• Mostly found in animal cells

11. Cell Components: Cytoskeleton
• Network of supports that
help maintain all organelles
• Contain microfilaments and
microtubules
• (Like iron beams!)

12. Cell Components: Chloroplasts
• Organelle that uses energy from the sun to make food
• Like “Solar panels” collect energy to power houses or factories
• Found only in plant cells

13. Cell Components: Mitochondria
• “Powerhouse of the cell”
supplies energy to power
all of the cell’s functions.
•Found in higher numbers in
cells that need a lot of
energy.

14. Cell Components: Cell Wall
• Cell wall is like a “security fence”…works as a barrier and also provides support
• Only found around plant cells

15. Cell Components: Cell Membrane
• “City limits” maintains the cell’s limits or boundaries.
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
• food and water move in, waste moves out.
• Made up of phospholipids