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1. Civics & Economics
Top 100
What every student should know to
pass the Civics & Economics EOC
Goal 2

2. Goal 2: The learner will analyze how
the government established by the
United States Constitution embodies
the purposes, values, and principles of
American democracy.

3. Principles of the Constitution
• Popular sovereignty
• Federalism
• Separation of Powers
• Checks & Balances
• Limited Government
• Flexibility

4. 3 Branches of Government
• Legislative – makes laws
• Executive – executes or enforces laws
• Judicial – interprets laws

5. Bill of Rights, 1791
• The first ten amendments to the
Constitution, which guarantee basic
individual rights.

6. Suffrage Amendments
• 15th gave African Americans the right
to vote.
• 19th gave women the right to vote.
• 23rd gave residents of the District of
Columbia the right to vote in
presidential elections.
• 24th abolished poll taxes.
• 26th gave citizens 18 years and older
the right to vote.

7. Civil War Amendments
• 13th abolished slavery.
• 14th defined citizenship and guaranteed all
citizens “equal protection under the law.”
• 15th gave African Americans the right to
vote.

8. Impeachment
• A majority of the members of the House of
Representatives accuse the President or
other high government officials of serious
wrongdoing.

9. Judicial Review
• The Supreme Court’s
power to overturn any law
that it decides is in conflict
with the Constitution.
• Judicial Review was
established by the decision
in Marbury v. Madison.

10. Landmark Supreme Court Cases
• Marbury v. Madison – judicial review
• Plessy v. Ferguson – “separate but equal”
• Brown v. Board of Education – “separate is not
equal”
• Gideon v. Wainwright – court-appointed attorney
• Miranda v. Arizona – rights of the accused

11. States’ Rights
• The states' rights concept is usually used to
defend a state law that the federal
government seeks to override, or to oppose
a perceived violation by the federal
government of the bounds of federal
authority.

12. Government Revenue
• Money the government collects, such as
taxes, fines, bonds, or user fees.

13. Contemporary Issues
• Strict versus loose
construction of the
Constitution
• States’ rights
• Electoral College and
process
• Civil and personal
liberties

14. Government Agencies
• Conservation of natural resources
• Immigration and naturalization
• Crime control and drug prevention
• Information gathering and policy formation
• Health and human services
• National security
• Transportation