Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Static and dynamic cone penetration tests are widely used in Foundation engineering for measuring the penetration resistance of the
ground and for relating it to the degree of compaction and safe bearing capacity of soils. In Highway Engineering, Pavement
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ strength evaluation of subgrade and other unbound pavement layers. In
the present studies, an attempt has been made to identify the strength and thickness of different pavement layers of newly constructed
low volume roads in the State of Karnataka, India using dynamic cone penetration studies and was compared with actual
measurements at the site. The evaluation of pavement test stretches was made for a period of two years, and changes in penetration
resistance of different pavement layers were measured. A Software was used to analyze the DCP data and to correlate with field
observation. The results have favoured the possibility of using dynamic cone penetrometer as a quality control and pavement
monitoring tool for low volume roads, eliminating the need for a Benkelman beam or a falling weight deflectometer.
Keywords: Pavement Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, CBR, Subgrade, Rural roads
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an overview of the IRC method for designing flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2012. It discusses the key considerations and calculations involved, including design traffic, subgrade properties like CBR and resilient modulus, material properties, and traffic data collection. The goal is to design a flexible pavement for a new four-lane divided national highway using the IRC guidelines and given traffic and material property data.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Here are the key steps for designing the flexible pavement:
1. Design life = 15 years (as per guidelines for highways)
2. Traffic growth rate = 5% per annum (assumed)
3. Calculate design traffic in msa using traffic growth rate and design life
4. Conduct soil tests to determine CBR value of subgrade soil
5. Select pavement layers and their thicknesses using design charts as per IRC guidelines based on design traffic and CBR value.
6. Check stability and serviceability requirements are satisfied.
7. Specify materials, compaction requirements and construction methods for each pavement layer.
8. Prepare detailed cost estimate and drawings for construction.
This document provides information on the design of flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2001 guidelines. It discusses the design criteria of fatigue cracking and rutting failures. The design approach involves selecting design inputs, performing a trial thickness design using layered elastic theory, and comparing the critical responses to failure criteria. Design tables and charts provide pavement thickness designs for different subgrade CBR values and traffic loads. The recommended pavement compositions specify material properties and minimum thicknesses for sub-base, base and surface courses. An example problem demonstrates the estimation of design traffic over the design period.
This document provides information on the design of flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2001 guidelines. It discusses the design criteria of fatigue cracking and rutting failures. The design approach involves selecting design inputs, performing a trial thickness design using layered elastic theory, and comparing the critical responses to failure criteria. Design tables and charts provide pavement thickness designs for different subgrade CBR values and traffic loads. The recommended pavement compositions specify material properties and minimum thicknesses for sub-base, base and surface courses. An example problem demonstrates the estimation of design traffic over the design period.
UNIT- 4 Traffic English Engineering (1).pptxvigneshk7697
Traffic and Transportation Engineering and management in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Static and dynamic cone penetration tests are widely used in Foundation engineering for measuring the penetration resistance of the
ground and for relating it to the degree of compaction and safe bearing capacity of soils. In Highway Engineering, Pavement
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is used for rapid in-situ strength evaluation of subgrade and other unbound pavement layers. In
the present studies, an attempt has been made to identify the strength and thickness of different pavement layers of newly constructed
low volume roads in the State of Karnataka, India using dynamic cone penetration studies and was compared with actual
measurements at the site. The evaluation of pavement test stretches was made for a period of two years, and changes in penetration
resistance of different pavement layers were measured. A Software was used to analyze the DCP data and to correlate with field
observation. The results have favoured the possibility of using dynamic cone penetrometer as a quality control and pavement
monitoring tool for low volume roads, eliminating the need for a Benkelman beam or a falling weight deflectometer.
Keywords: Pavement Dynamic Cone Penetrometer, CBR, Subgrade, Rural roads
Structural evaluation of low volume road pavements using pavement dynamic con...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document provides an overview of the IRC method for designing flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2012. It discusses the key considerations and calculations involved, including design traffic, subgrade properties like CBR and resilient modulus, material properties, and traffic data collection. The goal is to design a flexible pavement for a new four-lane divided national highway using the IRC guidelines and given traffic and material property data.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Here are the key steps for designing the flexible pavement:
1. Design life = 15 years (as per guidelines for highways)
2. Traffic growth rate = 5% per annum (assumed)
3. Calculate design traffic in msa using traffic growth rate and design life
4. Conduct soil tests to determine CBR value of subgrade soil
5. Select pavement layers and their thicknesses using design charts as per IRC guidelines based on design traffic and CBR value.
6. Check stability and serviceability requirements are satisfied.
7. Specify materials, compaction requirements and construction methods for each pavement layer.
8. Prepare detailed cost estimate and drawings for construction.
This document provides information on the design of flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2001 guidelines. It discusses the design criteria of fatigue cracking and rutting failures. The design approach involves selecting design inputs, performing a trial thickness design using layered elastic theory, and comparing the critical responses to failure criteria. Design tables and charts provide pavement thickness designs for different subgrade CBR values and traffic loads. The recommended pavement compositions specify material properties and minimum thicknesses for sub-base, base and surface courses. An example problem demonstrates the estimation of design traffic over the design period.
This document provides information on the design of flexible pavements according to IRC: 37-2001 guidelines. It discusses the design criteria of fatigue cracking and rutting failures. The design approach involves selecting design inputs, performing a trial thickness design using layered elastic theory, and comparing the critical responses to failure criteria. Design tables and charts provide pavement thickness designs for different subgrade CBR values and traffic loads. The recommended pavement compositions specify material properties and minimum thicknesses for sub-base, base and surface courses. An example problem demonstrates the estimation of design traffic over the design period.
UNIT- 4 Traffic English Engineering (1).pptxvigneshk7697
Traffic and Transportation Engineering and management in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party eppudu em kadu le kundaa choodaalni aayana koraru I will add them in a plane frames for wall clock with alarm for men stylish party
Optimum Cost Analysis For Selecting Best Suited Flexible Pavement Road Type F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the optimal construction costs for different flexible pavement road types based on subgrade CBR and traffic volume, as specified in IRC 37-2012. It determines the least expensive road type for a location with a CBR of 3% and traffic volume of 21.5 msa. Standard compaction and CBR tests are conducted on soil samples to determine moisture content, dry density, and a CBR value of 3%. Pavement thicknesses are calculated based on the CBR and traffic volume. Construction costs are estimated based on material costs from schedule rates and compacted volume calculations. The analysis finds that cemented base and cemented sub-base with SAMI layer is the cheapest option for the given conditions
guidelines for flexible pavement design of nepal.pptxMridu5
The Department of Roads in Nepal created guidelines for designing flexible pavements in 2014 based on other international standards. The first edition was withdrawn due to changes in vehicle technology and traffic loads. The guidelines were revised in 2018 to keep up with research advances. The revised manual covers aspects like surface dressing and low-volume road design, providing practical examples and a step-by-step process to help engineers apply the guidelines. It evaluates factors like traffic, soil, weather and costs to select appropriate pavement types and layers ensuring durability, safety and accounting for local conditions.
The subbase/base thickness of pavement is governed by the CBR value of the subgrade soil along with some other parameters such as traffic intensity, climatic conditions, etc. Dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) value conducted in the field can be used to estimate the CBR value provided a suitable relationship exists between CBR and DCPT value.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Value and California Bearing Ratio RelationshipIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into the relationship between Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCPT) values and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for different soils. The researchers conducted DCPT and CBR tests on clayey, sandy, and silty soils with varying moisture contents and compaction densities. Previous studies found direct linear relationships between DCPT and CBR values that depend on soil properties. The goal of this study is to determine the DCPT-CBR relationship for different soils and examine the effect of moisture and compaction. Establishing a reliable DCPT-CBR correlation could provide a quicker and cheaper way to estimate soil strength for pavement design.
Performance Study on California Bearing Ratio Values using Geosyntheticsijtsrd
The main use of geosynthetics or geofabrics is ensured in any given geotechnical engineering work or application. Mahendra Kumar | Ajeet Singh "Performance Study on California Bearing Ratio Values using Geosynthetics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38634.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38634/performance-study-on-california-bearing-ratio-values-using-geosynthetics/mahendra-kumar
IRJET- Prediction of Soaked CBR Values for Medium Plastic Soil from Simple La...IRJET Journal
This document discusses various methods for predicting California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values through simple laboratory tests and correlations. It reviews existing correlations between CBR and tests like the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Clegg Impact Value (CIV). It also examines correlations between CBR and simple laboratory properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density. The document concludes by noting that while many studies have explored these relationships, further research is still needed to develop accurate and reliable methods for predicting CBR through basic soil properties and tests.
This document provides a profile summary of Dr. Ashik Bellary Amie, an assistant professor at KLS VDIT in Karnataka, India. It lists his qualifications and experience including being a reviewer for several international journals and conferences on transportation engineering topics. It also outlines his educational background and awards received. The document then provides an outline for a presentation on bituminous mix design, covering the need for mix design, desirable mix properties, common design methods, and basic design steps from aggregate selection to determining the optimum binder content. References for further information on mix design are listed at the end.
This document discusses a laboratory study on the effect of test conditions on subgrade strength. It aims to understand how the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and moisture content of subgrade soil varies with different days of soaking. The CBR is used to design pavement layers and decreases as moisture content and soaking time increases. The document outlines the methodology for determining subgrade strength through CBR tests in the lab under varied conditions of soaking. It will analyze the results to understand how CBR and moisture content change with soaking time.
Pavement Design Report by priyanshu kumar 9608684800PRIYANSHU KUMAR
This document provides a pavement design report for the construction of road approaches to a rail-cum-road bridge across the River Ganga in Bihar, India. It outlines the design approach, methodology, input parameters, and results of flexible pavement design for the main carriageway using the IRC-37:2012 guidelines. Soil testing was conducted on existing subgrade soils and potential borrow areas. Based on a minimum CBR of 8%, borrow area soil with a 90th percentile CBR of 10.35% was deemed suitable for subgrade/embankment. The fatigue and rutting models were used to design a conventional flexible pavement with a predicted fatigue life and rutting life sufficient to meet the 30 million standard axle design
IRJET- Finding a Suitable Correlation between CBR and Different Index Propert...IRJET Journal
This document discusses finding a suitable correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and different index properties for high plastic soil. It reviews existing correlations that have been proposed between CBR and simple field/laboratory tests like the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test and Clegg Impact Value (CIV) test. The goal is to develop a framework for predicting CBR from percentage finer and plasticity index tests, which are simpler and less time-consuming than the CBR test itself. The proposed correlation will be established through graphical analysis of a large number of test results on soil samples collected from different sites in India.
Correlation between cbr and index propertys of soilRAJESH JAIN
This document discusses correlations between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and index properties of soil. It examines several existing correlations between CBR and properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and maximum dry density. The authors analyze data from previous studies to compare predicted CBR values from two correlations to experimentally measured CBR values. They find that one correlation works better for clayey soils but overestimates CBR for highly plastic clays, while the other correlation predicts lower CBR values than measured across soil types. The authors conclude that the correlations show some agreement with tests for low plasticity clays but need improvement to reliably predict CBR from simple soil properties.
IRJET- Correlation between CBR Values and Plasticity Index of Soil for Birbhu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses correlations between California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values and other soil properties for soils in the Birbhum region of India. It reviews several existing correlations between CBR and other simple tests like the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test and Clegg Impact Value (CIV) test. The document aims to develop a new correlation between CBR and plasticity index for alluvial clayey soils in the region using a large database of soil test results. This will allow engineers to more easily predict CBR from simpler tests for road design and construction projects.
This document presents a study that developed empirical equations to predict the soaked CBR value of lean clay soils based on index properties, dry density, and unsoaked CBR values. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples collected from an existing flexible pavement, which identified the soil as lean clay. Soaked and unsoaked CBR tests were performed at different densities. Three equations were formulated: 1) Using index properties and compaction characteristics to predict soaked CBR, 2) Relating dry density to soaked CBR, and 3) Relating unsoaked CBR to soaked CBR over a range of dry densities. These equations can be used to predict soaked CBR for lean clay subgrade soils.
IRJET- Correlation Analysis of Soil for Medinipur Region with Special Ref...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on developing correlations between California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values and other soil properties for alluvial clayey soils in the Medinipur region of West Bengal, India. It reviews several existing correlations between CBR and other simple tests like the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test and Clegg Impact Value (CIV) test. The goal of the research was to establish a correlation between CBR and plasticity index or percentage finer using a large dataset of soil samples from the region, in order to enable prediction of CBR from simpler tests for pavement design where limited CBR testing is performed.
Recent Advances in Pavement Deisgn of Flexoble Papenent by IRC:37.pdfRANGOJUSRINIVASAKUMA1
This document provides an overview of recent advancements in flexible pavement design according to IRC:37, the Indian guidelines. It discusses the evolution of pavement design methods from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Key highlights include IRC:37-2001 introducing the first mechanistic-empirical design method in India. Subsequent revisions in IRC:37-2012 incorporated performance models, considered cementitious and recycled materials, and recommended stiffer binders for higher traffic. The guidelines also established minimum material characteristics and structural requirements for flexible pavements.
Geotechnical aspects of highway constructionDaljeet Sidhu
This document discusses using dynamic cone penetration tests (DCPT) to estimate California bearing ratio (CBR) values of soils along a canal in Punjab, India for road construction. Laboratory and field DCPT and CBR tests were conducted on saturated soil samples at various locations. Polynomial equations were developed relating DCPT index to laboratory and field CBR values, allowing quick estimation of soaked CBR from DCPT. The relationships show DCPT can effectively evaluate soil strength for pavement design and quality control along the canal.
1. The document discusses using waste plastic strips as a cheaper alternative to geogrids and geotextiles for reinforcing soils in road subgrades.
2. Laboratory tests were conducted where high density polyethylene strips of different sizes were mixed with sand in varying percentages by weight.
3. The results showed that adding plastic strips increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and secant modulus of the sand, with higher increases at higher strip contents and aspect ratios. Reinforcement improved strength by allowing soil particles to interact and resist penetration.
IRJET- Study on Design of Polymer based Flexible Pavements for Low Volume RoadsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the design of flexible pavements for low-volume roads using polymer materials. Soil samples were collected from the project site to determine characteristics like consistency limits, sieve analysis and CBR values. Based on these results, the thickness of the flexible pavement was designed using the Group Index and CBR methods. The road alignment was also designed and surveyed. The total road length was 497 meters divided into three sections.
This document provides a summary of a project on the design and analysis of a flexible pavement for a 750m road. It includes information on the project location, types of pavements, soil tests conducted, layers of the flexible pavement designed, and a cost estimation of Rs. 13,06,665. It also describes the drum mix plant that will be used to mix the materials for the bituminous concrete layers of the pavement. Key machines that will be used for road construction include a backhoe loader, vibratory roller, and bitumen sprayer.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
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This document analyzes the optimal construction costs for different flexible pavement road types based on subgrade CBR and traffic volume, as specified in IRC 37-2012. It determines the least expensive road type for a location with a CBR of 3% and traffic volume of 21.5 msa. Standard compaction and CBR tests are conducted on soil samples to determine moisture content, dry density, and a CBR value of 3%. Pavement thicknesses are calculated based on the CBR and traffic volume. Construction costs are estimated based on material costs from schedule rates and compacted volume calculations. The analysis finds that cemented base and cemented sub-base with SAMI layer is the cheapest option for the given conditions
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The Department of Roads in Nepal created guidelines for designing flexible pavements in 2014 based on other international standards. The first edition was withdrawn due to changes in vehicle technology and traffic loads. The guidelines were revised in 2018 to keep up with research advances. The revised manual covers aspects like surface dressing and low-volume road design, providing practical examples and a step-by-step process to help engineers apply the guidelines. It evaluates factors like traffic, soil, weather and costs to select appropriate pavement types and layers ensuring durability, safety and accounting for local conditions.
The subbase/base thickness of pavement is governed by the CBR value of the subgrade soil along with some other parameters such as traffic intensity, climatic conditions, etc. Dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) value conducted in the field can be used to estimate the CBR value provided a suitable relationship exists between CBR and DCPT value.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Value and California Bearing Ratio RelationshipIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into the relationship between Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCPT) values and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for different soils. The researchers conducted DCPT and CBR tests on clayey, sandy, and silty soils with varying moisture contents and compaction densities. Previous studies found direct linear relationships between DCPT and CBR values that depend on soil properties. The goal of this study is to determine the DCPT-CBR relationship for different soils and examine the effect of moisture and compaction. Establishing a reliable DCPT-CBR correlation could provide a quicker and cheaper way to estimate soil strength for pavement design.
Performance Study on California Bearing Ratio Values using Geosyntheticsijtsrd
The main use of geosynthetics or geofabrics is ensured in any given geotechnical engineering work or application. Mahendra Kumar | Ajeet Singh "Performance Study on California Bearing Ratio Values using Geosynthetics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38634.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38634/performance-study-on-california-bearing-ratio-values-using-geosynthetics/mahendra-kumar
IRJET- Prediction of Soaked CBR Values for Medium Plastic Soil from Simple La...IRJET Journal
This document discusses various methods for predicting California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values through simple laboratory tests and correlations. It reviews existing correlations between CBR and tests like the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) and Clegg Impact Value (CIV). It also examines correlations between CBR and simple laboratory properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, and maximum dry density. The document concludes by noting that while many studies have explored these relationships, further research is still needed to develop accurate and reliable methods for predicting CBR through basic soil properties and tests.
This document provides a profile summary of Dr. Ashik Bellary Amie, an assistant professor at KLS VDIT in Karnataka, India. It lists his qualifications and experience including being a reviewer for several international journals and conferences on transportation engineering topics. It also outlines his educational background and awards received. The document then provides an outline for a presentation on bituminous mix design, covering the need for mix design, desirable mix properties, common design methods, and basic design steps from aggregate selection to determining the optimum binder content. References for further information on mix design are listed at the end.
This document discusses a laboratory study on the effect of test conditions on subgrade strength. It aims to understand how the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and moisture content of subgrade soil varies with different days of soaking. The CBR is used to design pavement layers and decreases as moisture content and soaking time increases. The document outlines the methodology for determining subgrade strength through CBR tests in the lab under varied conditions of soaking. It will analyze the results to understand how CBR and moisture content change with soaking time.
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This document provides a pavement design report for the construction of road approaches to a rail-cum-road bridge across the River Ganga in Bihar, India. It outlines the design approach, methodology, input parameters, and results of flexible pavement design for the main carriageway using the IRC-37:2012 guidelines. Soil testing was conducted on existing subgrade soils and potential borrow areas. Based on a minimum CBR of 8%, borrow area soil with a 90th percentile CBR of 10.35% was deemed suitable for subgrade/embankment. The fatigue and rutting models were used to design a conventional flexible pavement with a predicted fatigue life and rutting life sufficient to meet the 30 million standard axle design
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This document discusses correlations between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and index properties of soil. It examines several existing correlations between CBR and properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and maximum dry density. The authors analyze data from previous studies to compare predicted CBR values from two correlations to experimentally measured CBR values. They find that one correlation works better for clayey soils but overestimates CBR for highly plastic clays, while the other correlation predicts lower CBR values than measured across soil types. The authors conclude that the correlations show some agreement with tests for low plasticity clays but need improvement to reliably predict CBR from simple soil properties.
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This document discusses correlations between California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values and other soil properties for soils in the Birbhum region of India. It reviews several existing correlations between CBR and other simple tests like the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test and Clegg Impact Value (CIV) test. The document aims to develop a new correlation between CBR and plasticity index for alluvial clayey soils in the region using a large database of soil test results. This will allow engineers to more easily predict CBR from simpler tests for road design and construction projects.
This document presents a study that developed empirical equations to predict the soaked CBR value of lean clay soils based on index properties, dry density, and unsoaked CBR values. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples collected from an existing flexible pavement, which identified the soil as lean clay. Soaked and unsoaked CBR tests were performed at different densities. Three equations were formulated: 1) Using index properties and compaction characteristics to predict soaked CBR, 2) Relating dry density to soaked CBR, and 3) Relating unsoaked CBR to soaked CBR over a range of dry densities. These equations can be used to predict soaked CBR for lean clay subgrade soils.
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This document summarizes research on developing correlations between California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values and other soil properties for alluvial clayey soils in the Medinipur region of West Bengal, India. It reviews several existing correlations between CBR and other simple tests like the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test and Clegg Impact Value (CIV) test. The goal of the research was to establish a correlation between CBR and plasticity index or percentage finer using a large dataset of soil samples from the region, in order to enable prediction of CBR from simpler tests for pavement design where limited CBR testing is performed.
Recent Advances in Pavement Deisgn of Flexoble Papenent by IRC:37.pdfRANGOJUSRINIVASAKUMA1
This document provides an overview of recent advancements in flexible pavement design according to IRC:37, the Indian guidelines. It discusses the evolution of pavement design methods from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Key highlights include IRC:37-2001 introducing the first mechanistic-empirical design method in India. Subsequent revisions in IRC:37-2012 incorporated performance models, considered cementitious and recycled materials, and recommended stiffer binders for higher traffic. The guidelines also established minimum material characteristics and structural requirements for flexible pavements.
Geotechnical aspects of highway constructionDaljeet Sidhu
This document discusses using dynamic cone penetration tests (DCPT) to estimate California bearing ratio (CBR) values of soils along a canal in Punjab, India for road construction. Laboratory and field DCPT and CBR tests were conducted on saturated soil samples at various locations. Polynomial equations were developed relating DCPT index to laboratory and field CBR values, allowing quick estimation of soaked CBR from DCPT. The relationships show DCPT can effectively evaluate soil strength for pavement design and quality control along the canal.
1. The document discusses using waste plastic strips as a cheaper alternative to geogrids and geotextiles for reinforcing soils in road subgrades.
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CBR Method of Design a Flexible pavement
1. A Detailed study on CBR Method for flexible
Pavement Design
Guided By: Ms. Shibani Hota
Submitted by :Binayalal Patra
University Registration No:2207298002
Branch : MTech
Stream: CTM
Year :2022-24
2. Problem Statement :::
Sufficient thickness of base and surface must be placed over the
subgrade to prevent failure within the subgrade.
The shearing strengths of the layers of flexible pavement close to the
loaded area, i.e., of the base course and bituminous surface, must be
high enough that failure along shear surfaces entirely within the base
and surface will not occur.
The possibility of failure of any one layer by squeezing out laterally
under the applied load must be studied, e.g., a poorly designed
bituminous surface may be squeezed out between the tires of traffic
and the base course.
3. Reason / Inspiration for selecting the
Topic :::
Designing pavement by CBR method gives total thickness requirement of the
pavement above a subgrade. On the basis of estimation of traffic load &
bearing capacity of subgrade will lead to cost effective designing of roads.
Produce least noise from moving vehicles. CBR is a penetration test which is
used to evaluate the subgrade strength primarily of roads, pavements and
foundations
Subgrade strength plays an important role in the design and construction of
pavement. California bearing ratio (CBR) test is used to measure the strength
of subgrade and most of the highway agencies design the pavement section
using CBR value of the subgrade. This method is based on design charts that are
prepared by the California state highway department after performing
extensive CBR tests on existing highways. The basis of the design chart is that a
material with a given CBR required a certain thickness of pavement layer as
cover for a given vehicular load.
4. Review of Literature:: ( recent literature from year
2014-23 may be choosen for review.)
1. IRC: 37: 2012, “Guidelines for Design of Flexible pavement”,
second revision.
2. IRC: 37: 2001, “Tentative guidelines for Design of Flexible
pavement”
3. IRC 37-2018 “Code of guideline for the design of flexible
pavement for highway”, Indian Road Congress, New Delhi 2018
4. Khan, I.H. (1998) A Textbook of Geotechnical Engineering,
Pentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi
5. Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K. and Jain Arun, K. (2005) Soil
Mechanics and Foundations, Lakshmi Publications, New Delhi
5. Methodology :::Adopted
.Punmia, B.C., Jain, A.K. and Jain Arun, K. (2005) Soil Mechanics and Foundations, Lakshmi
Publications, New Delhi
Grain Size Distribution Test
Atterberg Limit Proctor Compaction
6. Methodology :::Adopted
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test is an empirical method of design of
flexible pavement design. It was developed by the California Department of
Transportation before World War II. The basic site test is performed by measuring
the pressure required to penetrate soil or aggregate with a plunger of standard
area.
CBR is the ratio expressed in percentage of force per unit area required to
penetrate a soil mass with a standard circular plunger of 50 mm diameter at the
rate of 1.25 mm/min to that required for corresponding penetration in a
standard material. The ratio is usually determined for penetration of 2.5 and 5
mm .
CBR value varies from 0 to 100%. More CBR indicates the stronger soil. Ifdensity
is less, CBR is less. The CBR is expressed as percentage of penetration
resistanceof a given pavement material to that of a standard value of
penetration resistance obtained for a crusher stone aggregate available in
California.
7. Three samples of soils had been collected in the location of the site (work).
The different types of tests conducted on the samples are (a) Index
Properties and (b) Engineering Properties.
Index Properties of Soil should be Determined by the various test like Liquid
limit ,Plastic Limit ,Specific Gravity and Sieve Analysis of Soil.
Engineering Properties of Soil should be Determined by Standard or Modified
Proctor Test.
Final CBR test is a penetration test developed by the California division of
highways, as a method evaluating the stability of soil sub-grade and other
flexible highway materials. The test results have been correlated with the
pavement thickness requirements for highways and airfields. The CBR test
may be conducted in the laboratory on a prepared specimen in a mould or in-
situ in the field.
Works to be conducted::::
8. CBR TEST PROCEDURE:
1. About 5kg of oven dried soil sample is taken and is mixed with optimum
moisture content. The soil is then compacted either by IS light compaction (3
layers, 55 blows, each by 2.6 kg hammer) or IS heavy compaction (5 layers, 55
blows, each by 4.89 kg hammer).
2. The mould with the base plate is placed under the penetration plunger of
the loading machine and a surcharge weight of 2.5 kg is applied
3. The dial gauge for measuring the penetration values of the plunger is fitted
in position. The dial gauge of the proving ring and the penetration dial gauge
are set. The load readings are recorded at penetration readings of 0.0, 0.5,
1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 etc.,
4. The proving ring calibration factor is noted. The load penetration curve is
the plotted. The unit load values corresponding to 2.5mm and 5.0mm
penetration values are found from the graph.
9. 5. This load is expressed as a percentage of standard load values at the
respective deformation level to obtain the CBR value. The CBR for 2.5mm
penetration is taken .
2. CBR value is calculated by the formula,
CBR = [(Load sustained by specimen at defined penetration level)/(Load
sustained by sustained crushed stone at same penetration level)]*100
3. The dial gauge for measuring the penetration values of the plunger is fitted
in position. The dial gauge of the proving ring and the penetration dial gauge
are set. The load readings are recorded at penetration readings of 0.0, 0.5,
1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 etc.
10. DESIGN:
From Clause3.3.6 fo IRC: 37.2018 stipulates the design traffic in term of
cumulative number of standard axels to be carried during the design life of
the road. This is computed using the following eduation.
N = 365 x[( I + r )n x A x D x F
r
Where N = Cumulative No. of standard Axles to be carried for in the design
in terms of MSA.
A = Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction interims of no. of
Commercial vehicle per day.
D = Lane distribution factor , F = Vehicle damaged factor.
n = Design life in year 15 years,R = Annual growth rate of commercial vehicle.
11.
12. After Determination of MSA Value , the Crust Thickness can be determined
from the above IRC Figure .
It has been concluded that the thickness of crust varies with the change in
the value of C.B.R. With higher value of C.B.R. the crust thickness is less and
vice versa. r
Due to the saving in crust, less quantity of material will be applicable so that,
huge amount of money can be saved
Further this research work can be carried with the different soacking
conditions of soil with respect to time, and improving the C.B.R values with
the stabilization process with the different materials.
CONCLUSION:
14. Reference::
Highway Engineering” by S.K.Khanna and C.E.G.Justo
Highway Engineering” by T.D.Ahuja
Soil mechanics and foundation engineering” by K.R.Arora
Surveying” by B.C.Punmia
Surveying” by K.R.Arora
IRC 37-2018” : Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements.
Estimation and costing in civil engineering” by B.N.Dutta