2019.05.03 Cannabis Law presentation to the Dallas Bar AssociationJames Creedon
This document summarizes a presentation on cannabis law. It discusses the rapid growth of the cannabis industry in the US and increasing public support for legalization. It reviews the current legal status of cannabis under federal and Texas law, noting that marijuana remains illegal but definitions of hemp and CBD are evolving. It also outlines various legal practice areas and ethical issues that lawyers should be aware of regarding cannabis such as banking, employment law, intellectual property and assisting clients without aiding criminal plans.
Cannabis: The Next Frontier that Could Impact Your PracticeJames Creedon
March 29, 2019 update on the federal and Texas laws applicable to the cannabis industry — presented to the March 2019 General Meeting of the Collin County Bar Association.
Protecting & Building Your Cannabis BrandJames Creedon
On March 9, 2019, James Creedon joined Richard Cheng of DLA Piper to discuss the many legal issues to consider when starting or growing a business in the cannabis industry. This presentation, hosted by the Texas Cannabis Business Alliance, was attended by a wide variety of entrepreneurs at the Communion Neighborhood Cooperative and was divided into three sections:
The first section was an overview of the current legal status of cannabis laws and regulations on the federal and state level, and included discussion of legislation pending in the U.S. Congress and the Texas legislature. The second section used an example business to walk through the immediate challenges faced by cannabis industry companies in Texas, addressing topics such as the legal status of CBD, industrial hemp farming, and the Texas Compassionate Use program. The final section identified the importance of good business practices and the use of resources such as the TCBA to connect with other industry members and start informed on changes in the law.
For more information about this presentation, please contact us by email at contact@creedonpllc.com or by phone at 972-850-6864.
Advancements and Challenges of Cigar Science, Testing and Regulation: A ReviewRana Tayyarah
SUMMARY
On May 10, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) published a Final Rule that extended its regulatory
authority to all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes,
cigars, hookah and pipe tobacco (Deemed Products). Effective
August 8, 2016, this decision greatly expanded the scope
of tobacco products being regulated by FDA and introduced
significant testing challenges that need to be addressed. The
major challenge for cigars in particular is testing as well as
generation of accurate and reliable data, in the absence of
certified reference products and standardized methodology for
a product category with significant complexity and high
inherent variability. In this article, we provide an overview of
recent studies as well as active opportunities and on-going
challenges associated with regulating and testing cigars. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive
review of non-clinical research for this product category
(cigars). We are therefore convinced that, tobacco scientists
and farmers, analytical chemists, cigar consumers, tobacco
legal counsels, state and federal regulatory authorities will
find this review beneficial and insightful. [Contrib. Tob.
Nicotine Res. 31 (2022) 73–89]
DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2022-0008
An overview of the Texas and federal rules on hemp and associated products, including a review of the laws related to CBD, industrial hemp, and importation of cannabis products between states.
Read the attached case and answer the following questions inAKHIL969626
This document provides background information on the Canadian cannabis industry and outlines challenges facing Mihi Cannabis, a new cannabis retail startup. It discusses the legalization of cannabis in Canada, the market opportunity and competition. It also analyzes the regulatory framework at the federal, provincial and municipal levels that creates hurdles for the industry. The document concludes by introducing Mihi Cannabis and its CEO Thomas Dyck, and outlining some of the early challenges facing the emerging legal cannabis industry in Canada.
Should Cannabis Be Removed from the Schedule 1 Listing?Evergreen Buzz
Cannabis removed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/removing-cannabis-from-the-schedule-1-list-of-controlled-substances-could-be-good-and-bad
2019.05.03 Cannabis Law presentation to the Dallas Bar AssociationJames Creedon
This document summarizes a presentation on cannabis law. It discusses the rapid growth of the cannabis industry in the US and increasing public support for legalization. It reviews the current legal status of cannabis under federal and Texas law, noting that marijuana remains illegal but definitions of hemp and CBD are evolving. It also outlines various legal practice areas and ethical issues that lawyers should be aware of regarding cannabis such as banking, employment law, intellectual property and assisting clients without aiding criminal plans.
Cannabis: The Next Frontier that Could Impact Your PracticeJames Creedon
March 29, 2019 update on the federal and Texas laws applicable to the cannabis industry — presented to the March 2019 General Meeting of the Collin County Bar Association.
Protecting & Building Your Cannabis BrandJames Creedon
On March 9, 2019, James Creedon joined Richard Cheng of DLA Piper to discuss the many legal issues to consider when starting or growing a business in the cannabis industry. This presentation, hosted by the Texas Cannabis Business Alliance, was attended by a wide variety of entrepreneurs at the Communion Neighborhood Cooperative and was divided into three sections:
The first section was an overview of the current legal status of cannabis laws and regulations on the federal and state level, and included discussion of legislation pending in the U.S. Congress and the Texas legislature. The second section used an example business to walk through the immediate challenges faced by cannabis industry companies in Texas, addressing topics such as the legal status of CBD, industrial hemp farming, and the Texas Compassionate Use program. The final section identified the importance of good business practices and the use of resources such as the TCBA to connect with other industry members and start informed on changes in the law.
For more information about this presentation, please contact us by email at contact@creedonpllc.com or by phone at 972-850-6864.
Advancements and Challenges of Cigar Science, Testing and Regulation: A ReviewRana Tayyarah
SUMMARY
On May 10, 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) published a Final Rule that extended its regulatory
authority to all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes,
cigars, hookah and pipe tobacco (Deemed Products). Effective
August 8, 2016, this decision greatly expanded the scope
of tobacco products being regulated by FDA and introduced
significant testing challenges that need to be addressed. The
major challenge for cigars in particular is testing as well as
generation of accurate and reliable data, in the absence of
certified reference products and standardized methodology for
a product category with significant complexity and high
inherent variability. In this article, we provide an overview of
recent studies as well as active opportunities and on-going
challenges associated with regulating and testing cigars. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive
review of non-clinical research for this product category
(cigars). We are therefore convinced that, tobacco scientists
and farmers, analytical chemists, cigar consumers, tobacco
legal counsels, state and federal regulatory authorities will
find this review beneficial and insightful. [Contrib. Tob.
Nicotine Res. 31 (2022) 73–89]
DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2022-0008
An overview of the Texas and federal rules on hemp and associated products, including a review of the laws related to CBD, industrial hemp, and importation of cannabis products between states.
Read the attached case and answer the following questions inAKHIL969626
This document provides background information on the Canadian cannabis industry and outlines challenges facing Mihi Cannabis, a new cannabis retail startup. It discusses the legalization of cannabis in Canada, the market opportunity and competition. It also analyzes the regulatory framework at the federal, provincial and municipal levels that creates hurdles for the industry. The document concludes by introducing Mihi Cannabis and its CEO Thomas Dyck, and outlining some of the early challenges facing the emerging legal cannabis industry in Canada.
Should Cannabis Be Removed from the Schedule 1 Listing?Evergreen Buzz
Cannabis removed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/removing-cannabis-from-the-schedule-1-list-of-controlled-substances-could-be-good-and-bad
Congressional hemp briefing to the Dietary Supplement Caucus. The presentation topics include hemp and Cannabidiol (CBD) industry market sizes, investments, insights and analysis. Discussion about the FDA and the regulatory state of the union for CBD.
Cannabis/Marijuana Report Recommendations Would Delay Legalization To 2018 Or...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation looks at the issues facing cannabis/pot/marijuana legalisation in Canada. There are many issues driving legalisation including policing, UN rules, United States Policies, enforcement, side-effects, etc.
21st Century Approach to Regulating CannabisNiall Neligan
Niall Neligan is a barrister-at-law and lecturer in Dublin who has published research on regulating cannabis in Ireland. His research includes a 2018 paper on medical cannabis access in Ireland and a 2018 public policy document proposing a 21st century approach to regulating cannabis. He is currently pursuing a PhD on the federal prohibition of marijuana in the US and state-level changes to legalization. His research profile lists his qualifications and publications.
CBD as medicine from ancient wisdom to modern science. psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vs non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Current use of CBD.
Report on Cannabis Behaviours and Attitudes Post-LegalizationDig Insights
To understand how legalization may (or may not) have changed Canadians' behaviours and attitudes towards cannabis, Dig Insights conducted an online survey with 1,000 Canadians.
To benchmark results, the data was compared to Dig's annual cannabis tracker.
This document discusses extracting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from Cannabis sativa L. plant material using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). SFE was performed using carbon dioxide and ethanol at varying temperatures, pressures, and ethanol percentages. The highest THC content extracts were obtained at 60°C, 2% ethanol, and 33 or 15 MPa. One extract was purified using SPE, yielding two fractions with over 90% THC purity. The sequential SFE-SPE process allows obtaining high purity THC suitable for use as an analytical standard.
Government policies for Legalizing Marijuana - Canada - Analysis and Commentarypaul young cpa, cga
This presentation discusses the effort by the Government of Canada to legalised Pot/Marijuana in Canada.
The presentation will look at all aspects of legalising marijuana including costs associated to the program as well as the revenue that could be generated from pot/marijuana sales.
Government policies for Marijuana (Pot) - Canada - Analysis and Commentary - ...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at medical marijuana as well as the government of Canada goal to legalised marijuana (Pot) in Canada. The discussion will look at areas like revenue, healthcare, enforcement, regulations, etc.
Cannabis Manufacturing Tips and Facts You Don't KnowCannabis News
What are the tips for manufacturing weed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/5-interesting-things-you-didnt-know-about-weed-manufacturing-and-distribution
A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED ECOSYSTEM FOR INFORMED CANNABIS CONSUMPTION AND OPEN RESEARCHReed Sutton
With the legalization of recreational cannabis throughout Canada rapidly approaching, there is a significant lack of data regarding its use and effect on various aspects of health. By leveraging blockchain technology, Edmonton has the opportunity to shape a new national ecosystem surrounding healthy cannabis consumption and regulation, while simultaneously generating open and transparent data that will have global implications.
Marijuana: The #1 Profit Opportunity for Greenhouse Growers in the Next DecadeGGS Structures Inc.
The document discusses the potential opportunities for greenhouse growers in the cannabis industry over the next decade. It notes that the legal cannabis market in the US and Canada is projected to be worth $44 billion by 2020. It provides an overview of the medical cannabis programs in Canada and regulations for licensed producers. The document also discusses factors for greenhouse growers to consider such as ventilation, lighting, irrigation and computer controls if pursuing cannabis cultivation. It emphasizes doing research and evaluating what skills align with long-term goals before deciding to enter the emerging industry.
The legalization of cannabis was a key election promise in 2015. Cannabis has been legalized but there have been many issues with cannabis over the past two years.
Amendment 64 would produce $60 million in new revenue and savings for ColoradoJesse Budlong
This paper explores the state and local government budget impact of Amendment 64. Using the latest research and best available estimates of consumption and price, this analysis concludes that Amendment 64 would, in the years prior to 2017 generate over $32 million in new revenue for the state budget, over $14 million in new revenue for local governments and would result in savings of more than $12 million in state and local law enforcement spending. Of the new state dollars, Amendment 64 would direct $24 million to the Building Excellent Schools Today (BEST) program that would result in the creation of 372 new jobs in cities and towns across Colorado with 217 of those jobs in the construction industry.
Now more than ever the cannabis industry has reason to be excited about our future. Support for legal marijuana is at an all-time high. In fact, the number of Americans favoring legalization has doubled in less than 20 years.
https://www.viridiansciences.com/blog/state-of-the-cannabis-industry-april-20-2018
Don't Hold Your Breath! Cannabis Labs Virtual 2021Markus Roggen
CBDV is a research venture seeking to add scientific insights to cannabis and mushroom production through collaborative research on process design, optimization, and analytics. The research focuses on topics like chemometrics, kinetic studies, in-process analytics, and computational studies to understand fundamental cannabis and mushroom chemistry. Studies have found that smoking produces higher levels of toxic thermal degradation products than vaping, and that consumption method, voltage level, and oil weight can impact toxicant levels and THC delivery.
This document discusses SAM, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with a mission to educate citizens about the science of marijuana and promote health-focused policies to decrease marijuana use and its consequences. SAM operates through two branches - SAM Action promotes this mission through advocacy and policy work, while SAM conducts research into marijuana's negative effects and brings awareness. The document outlines SAM's scientific advisory board and collaborations with other public health organizations, and promotes an evidence-based approach to marijuana policy prioritizing public health.
This document summarizes ASCO's policy priorities and outlook for 2017-2018. It discusses three main goals: pursuing affordable and high quality cancer care, supporting oncology providers, and advocating for cancer research funding. It also outlines top practice pressures like staffing and drug pricing. The document reviews the American Health Care Act and its potential impacts. It discusses other administration priorities around the budget, drug pricing, "Right to Try" legislation, and MACRA implementation. Finally, it notes that action is increasingly happening at the state level around issues like opioids, clinical pathways, and oral chemotherapy parity.
1) The document analyzes the author's resting heart rate data over multiple years from the OpenHumans platform and compares it to different diets.
2) A study is cited that found higher resting heart rates are correlated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
3) The author concludes that their resting heart rate was higher in 2020, and that low-carb diets and fasting increased their resting heart rate.
Congressional hemp briefing to the Dietary Supplement Caucus. The presentation topics include hemp and Cannabidiol (CBD) industry market sizes, investments, insights and analysis. Discussion about the FDA and the regulatory state of the union for CBD.
Cannabis/Marijuana Report Recommendations Would Delay Legalization To 2018 Or...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation looks at the issues facing cannabis/pot/marijuana legalisation in Canada. There are many issues driving legalisation including policing, UN rules, United States Policies, enforcement, side-effects, etc.
21st Century Approach to Regulating CannabisNiall Neligan
Niall Neligan is a barrister-at-law and lecturer in Dublin who has published research on regulating cannabis in Ireland. His research includes a 2018 paper on medical cannabis access in Ireland and a 2018 public policy document proposing a 21st century approach to regulating cannabis. He is currently pursuing a PhD on the federal prohibition of marijuana in the US and state-level changes to legalization. His research profile lists his qualifications and publications.
CBD as medicine from ancient wisdom to modern science. psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vs non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Current use of CBD.
Report on Cannabis Behaviours and Attitudes Post-LegalizationDig Insights
To understand how legalization may (or may not) have changed Canadians' behaviours and attitudes towards cannabis, Dig Insights conducted an online survey with 1,000 Canadians.
To benchmark results, the data was compared to Dig's annual cannabis tracker.
This document discusses extracting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from Cannabis sativa L. plant material using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and solid phase extraction (SPE). SFE was performed using carbon dioxide and ethanol at varying temperatures, pressures, and ethanol percentages. The highest THC content extracts were obtained at 60°C, 2% ethanol, and 33 or 15 MPa. One extract was purified using SPE, yielding two fractions with over 90% THC purity. The sequential SFE-SPE process allows obtaining high purity THC suitable for use as an analytical standard.
Government policies for Legalizing Marijuana - Canada - Analysis and Commentarypaul young cpa, cga
This presentation discusses the effort by the Government of Canada to legalised Pot/Marijuana in Canada.
The presentation will look at all aspects of legalising marijuana including costs associated to the program as well as the revenue that could be generated from pot/marijuana sales.
Government policies for Marijuana (Pot) - Canada - Analysis and Commentary - ...paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at medical marijuana as well as the government of Canada goal to legalised marijuana (Pot) in Canada. The discussion will look at areas like revenue, healthcare, enforcement, regulations, etc.
Cannabis Manufacturing Tips and Facts You Don't KnowCannabis News
What are the tips for manufacturing weed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/5-interesting-things-you-didnt-know-about-weed-manufacturing-and-distribution
A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED ECOSYSTEM FOR INFORMED CANNABIS CONSUMPTION AND OPEN RESEARCHReed Sutton
With the legalization of recreational cannabis throughout Canada rapidly approaching, there is a significant lack of data regarding its use and effect on various aspects of health. By leveraging blockchain technology, Edmonton has the opportunity to shape a new national ecosystem surrounding healthy cannabis consumption and regulation, while simultaneously generating open and transparent data that will have global implications.
Marijuana: The #1 Profit Opportunity for Greenhouse Growers in the Next DecadeGGS Structures Inc.
The document discusses the potential opportunities for greenhouse growers in the cannabis industry over the next decade. It notes that the legal cannabis market in the US and Canada is projected to be worth $44 billion by 2020. It provides an overview of the medical cannabis programs in Canada and regulations for licensed producers. The document also discusses factors for greenhouse growers to consider such as ventilation, lighting, irrigation and computer controls if pursuing cannabis cultivation. It emphasizes doing research and evaluating what skills align with long-term goals before deciding to enter the emerging industry.
The legalization of cannabis was a key election promise in 2015. Cannabis has been legalized but there have been many issues with cannabis over the past two years.
Amendment 64 would produce $60 million in new revenue and savings for ColoradoJesse Budlong
This paper explores the state and local government budget impact of Amendment 64. Using the latest research and best available estimates of consumption and price, this analysis concludes that Amendment 64 would, in the years prior to 2017 generate over $32 million in new revenue for the state budget, over $14 million in new revenue for local governments and would result in savings of more than $12 million in state and local law enforcement spending. Of the new state dollars, Amendment 64 would direct $24 million to the Building Excellent Schools Today (BEST) program that would result in the creation of 372 new jobs in cities and towns across Colorado with 217 of those jobs in the construction industry.
Now more than ever the cannabis industry has reason to be excited about our future. Support for legal marijuana is at an all-time high. In fact, the number of Americans favoring legalization has doubled in less than 20 years.
https://www.viridiansciences.com/blog/state-of-the-cannabis-industry-april-20-2018
Don't Hold Your Breath! Cannabis Labs Virtual 2021Markus Roggen
CBDV is a research venture seeking to add scientific insights to cannabis and mushroom production through collaborative research on process design, optimization, and analytics. The research focuses on topics like chemometrics, kinetic studies, in-process analytics, and computational studies to understand fundamental cannabis and mushroom chemistry. Studies have found that smoking produces higher levels of toxic thermal degradation products than vaping, and that consumption method, voltage level, and oil weight can impact toxicant levels and THC delivery.
This document discusses SAM, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization with a mission to educate citizens about the science of marijuana and promote health-focused policies to decrease marijuana use and its consequences. SAM operates through two branches - SAM Action promotes this mission through advocacy and policy work, while SAM conducts research into marijuana's negative effects and brings awareness. The document outlines SAM's scientific advisory board and collaborations with other public health organizations, and promotes an evidence-based approach to marijuana policy prioritizing public health.
This document summarizes ASCO's policy priorities and outlook for 2017-2018. It discusses three main goals: pursuing affordable and high quality cancer care, supporting oncology providers, and advocating for cancer research funding. It also outlines top practice pressures like staffing and drug pricing. The document reviews the American Health Care Act and its potential impacts. It discusses other administration priorities around the budget, drug pricing, "Right to Try" legislation, and MACRA implementation. Finally, it notes that action is increasingly happening at the state level around issues like opioids, clinical pathways, and oral chemotherapy parity.
1) The document analyzes the author's resting heart rate data over multiple years from the OpenHumans platform and compares it to different diets.
2) A study is cited that found higher resting heart rates are correlated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
3) The author concludes that their resting heart rate was higher in 2020, and that low-carb diets and fasting increased their resting heart rate.
The Technology of Self-Tracking: From the Microbiome to Continuous Glucose Mo...Richard Sprague
Overview of my self-experiments in microbiome diagnostics, continuous glucose monitoring and more. Presentation for Me Convention, Frankfurt Germany, Sept 12, 2019
AI Technology for Prevention and Control of Juvenile MyopiaRichard Sprague
1) The document discusses the rise of juvenile myopia and how AI can help address this issue.
2) It describes Airdoc's AI-powered myopia prediction model which can predict vision changes in children aged 3-18 based on optometry records.
3) The AI provides reporting and suggestions to help monitor myopia development and the efficacy of different countermeasures for schools and parents.
Quantified Self Seattle January 2019 : Continuous Glucose MonitoringRichard Sprague
Experiments with Continuous Glucose Monitoring and the microbiome. Using microbiome test results from DayTwo and Viome, I tested myself using the new Freestyle Libre continuous glucose monitor.
Can a Microbiome-Informed Diet Help My Sleep?Richard Sprague
Presented to Seattle Quantified Self Group: my experiences with microbiome-based personalized diet tests from DayTwo and Viome. My sleep improved when I followed the advice.
Biohackers Seattle June 2016 Microbiome HackingRichard Sprague
This document summarizes a presentation about hacking one's gut microbiome. It includes disclaimers that the information is not medical advice and results from uBiome sampling kits cannot be used for diagnosis or treatment. The presentation discusses visualizing one's microbiome data over time, including dominant bacterial phyla and specific genera present. It describes an experiment where the presenter followed a special diet for over a month to attempt to change their microbiome, and the results showing that while amounts and ratios changed, the core organisms did not. The presenter concluded that one's microbiome recovers quickly and is hard to significantly alter.
This document summarizes Richard Sprague's experiments with his own microbiome over time. He tracked changes in the composition of microbes and bacteria in his gut from May 2014 to July 2015. Sprague also conducted an experiment where he cleared out his gut biome using a colon cleanse to see how it would recover. He found that while the amounts and ratios of bacteria changed after the cleanse, the overall composition recovered quickly and most of the same organisms returned. A few taxa did change permanently in larger amounts. The document concludes that it is difficult to significantly alter one's microbiome in the long run.
The document summarizes the results of analyzing changes in a person's gut microbiome before and after a 2-week backpacking trip in New Mexico. Some key findings include:
- The microbiome was overall pretty stable, with the main bacterial phyla composition not changing much.
- Certain genera like Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides decreased after the trip, while Blautia, Odoribacter, and Akkermansia increased.
- Microbial diversity was higher after the trip compared to previous tests, suggesting the trip helped diversity.
This document discusses the author's microbiome and how it changed over a one week period after tracking macronutrients and microbiome data. Key findings include an increase in certain bacteria like Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides after one week. The author's diversity of phyla, classes, orders, families and genera decreased over this period, while the ratio of Bifido/Firmicutes increased. The document encourages readers to also track their microbiome over time to better understand changes.
This document discusses whether fish oil can make a person smarter. It mentions that while fish oil may provide cognitive benefits initially, the effects tend to fade over time. It also notes that statins, a type of drug used to lower cholesterol, may also enhance cognitive abilities. The document encourages joining the author to track changes in brain performance and function over time.
Your body is home to three pounds of germs, a rich microbiome that weighs as much as your brain! Thanks to the recent plummeting cost of gene sequencing, scientists are just now discovering how important these microbes are to health and wellness, with surprising links to conditions ranging from obesity, autism, allergies, depression, and much more. We’ll discuss the latest developments, and show how new, low-cost testing kits can help you learn more about — and reshape — your own unique microbiome.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
5. Today, the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 was signed into
law. Among other things, this new law changes certain federal
authorities relating to the production and marketing of hemp,
defined as cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), and derivatives of
cannabis with extremely low (less than 0.3 percent on a dry weight
basis) concentrations of the psychoactive compound delta-9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). These changes include removing
hemp from the Controlled Substances Act, which means that it
will no longer be an illegal substance under federal law.
Sprague@personalscience.com
7. Great QS
Experiment
Opportunity
• Long tradition of use
• Anecdotal reports of high
effectiveness
• Underexplored by
“mainstream” science
• Cheap, widely available
Sprague@personalscience.com