The document explains three types of data transmission: unicast, multicast, and broadcast. Unicast involves one-to-one communication, while broadcast is one-to-all and can be limited or direct, sending data to all devices on a network. Multicast allows data to be sent to specific groups of receivers, reducing network traffic as compared to sending individual copies to each user.

1. UNICAST, MULTICAST,BROADCAST
The cast term here signifies some data(stream of packets) is being
transmitted to the recipient(s) from the client(s) side over the
communication channel that helps them to communicate.

2. Feature Unicast Broadcast Multicast
Definition
A
communicatio
n where a
message is
sent from one
sender to one
receiver.
A
communication
where a message
is sent from one
sender to all
receivers.
A
communicatio
n where a
message is
sent from one
sender to a
group of
receivers
Transmissio
n
Data is sent to
a single
recipient
Data is sent to all
recipients in a
network
Data is sent to
a group of
recipients
Addressing
Uses a unique
destination
address
Uses a special
broadcast
address
(255.255.255.25
5)
Uses a special
multicast
address
Delivery
Guaranteed
delivery
Not all devices
may be
interested in the
data
Not all
devices may
be interested
in the data
Network
Traffic
Generates the
least amount
of network
traffic
Generates the
most amount of
network traffic
Generates
moderate
network
traffic
Security
More secure
because data
is sent to a
Less secure
because data is
sent to all
Moderately
secure
because data
is sent to a

3. specific
recipient
devices in the
network
specific
group of
devices
Destination
Single
receiver
All receivers
Group of
receivers
1. Unicast:
This type of information transfer is useful when there is a
participation of a single sender and a single recipient. So, in short,
you can term it a one-to-one transmission. For example, if a device
having IP address 10.1.2.0 in a network wants to send the traffic
stream(data packets) to the device with IP address 20.12.4.2 in the
other network, then unicast comes into the picture. This is the most
common form of data transfer over networks.

4. 2. Broadcast:
Broadcasting transfer (one-to-all) techniques can be classified into
two types:
Limited Broadcasting: Suppose you have to send a stream of
packets to all the devices over the network that your reside, this
broadcasting comes in handy. For this to achieve, it will append
255.255.255.255 (all the 32 bits of IP address set to 1)called Limited
Broadcast Address in the destination address of the datagram
(packet) header which is reserved for information transfer to all the
recipients from a single client (sender) over the network.
Direct Broadcasting: This is useful when a device in one network
wants to transfer packet stream to all the devices over the other
network. This is achieved by translating all the Host ID part bits of the
destination address to 1, referred to as Direct Broadcast Address in
the datagram header for information transfer.

5. Multicast is a method of group communication where the sender
sends data to multiple receivers or nodes present in the network
simultaneously.
Multicasting is considered as the special case of broadcasting as.it
works in similar to Broadcasting, but in Multicasting, the
information is sent to the targeted or specific members of the
network. This task can be accomplished by transmitting individual
copies to each user or node present in the network, but sending
individual copies to each user is inefficient and might increase the
network latency. To overcome these shortcomings, multicasting
allows a single transmission that can be split up among the multiple

6. users, consequently, this reduces the bandwidth of the signal.