This document provides an overview of different types of furnaces used for metal melting, including cupola furnaces, crucible furnaces, and induction furnaces. It describes the basic design and purpose of each furnace type, including temperature ranges, fuel sources, and common metals melted. Cupola furnaces are used to melt cast iron, crucible furnaces can be stationary or tilting models for nonferrous metals, and induction furnaces use electromagnetic induction to melt metals like iron and aluminum efficiently and with less pollution.

1. Table of Contents
 Introduction .......................................................................1
 Cupola Furnaces ................................................................1
 Crucible Furnace (Stationary and tilting) ..........................1
 Induction furnace...............................................................1
 explanation.........................................................................2
 Cupola Furnace..................................................................2
 Curcible Furnace stationary...............................................3
 Curcible Furnace tilting .....................................................4
 Induction furnace...............................................................5
 List of References..............................................................6

2.
1
Introduction
Cupola Furnaces
Cupola Furnaces In steelmaking, it is a vertical cylindrical furnace used for
melting iron either for casting or for charging in other furnaces.
René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur built the first cupola furnace on record,
in France, about 1720. Cupola melting is still recognized as the most
economical melting process; most gray iron is melted by this method.
Crucible Furnace (Stationary and tilting)
crucible furnace, metallurgical furnace consisting essentially of a pot of
refractory material that can be sealed. Crucibles of graphite or of high-grade
fire clay were formerly used in the steel industry, heated directly by fire;
modern high-quality steel is produced by refining in air-evacuated crucibles
heated by induction. Metals such as titanium, which must be protected from
air while hot, are melted and annealed in hermetically sealed crucibles.
Induction furnace
An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by
induction heating of metal. The advantage of the induction furnace is a clean,
energy-efficient and well-controllable melting process compared to most other
means of metal melting. Most modern foundries use this type of furnace and
now also more iron foundries are replacing cupolas with induction furnaces to
melt cast iron, as the former emit lots of dust and other pollutants.[1]
Induction
furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tones
capacity and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum and precious
metals. Since no arc or combustion is used, the temperature of the material is
no higher than required to melt it; this can prevent loss of valuable alloying
elements.

3.
2
explanation
Advantages
and
Limitations
Temperature
Range
Fuel or
Energy Used
Metals and
alloys to be
melted
ConstructionFurnace type
most widely
used of cast
iron
smelting
equipment,
easy to
operate, low
energy-
consuming
1300-1500
Coke is the
fuel used
to heat the
furnace.
Cupolas
are used
only for
melting
cast irons,
and
although
other
furnaces
are also
used the
largest
tonnage of
cast iron is
melted in
cupolas.
Cupola Furnace

4.
3
Advantages and
Limitations
Temperature
Range
Fuel or
Energy
Used
Metals and
alloys to be
melted
ConstructionFurnace type
This new
model of the
melting
furnace was
developed
based on a
new world
trend which
leads to
maximum
energy saving
and working
with minimum
servicing.
The
maximum
temperature
inside the
furnace is
1100° C
which is
reached very
rapidly.
Electricity
Electrical
crucible
furnaces
for
melting
non-
ferrous
metals are
designed
for
melting of
aluminum,
copper,
bronze,
zinc and
other non-
ferrous
metals,
and their
alloys
Curcible
Furnace
(stationary)

5.
4
Advantages and
Limitations
Temperature
Range
Fuel or
Energy
Used
Metals and
alloys to be
melted
ConstructionFurnace type
Rugged furnace
design
Safe, reliable
pouring using 2
hydraulic cylinders
with end bearing
dampers on tilting
frame Precision
dosing at every
tilting angling
melting rate High-
quality burner
technologyUniform
heating of melt
and crucible Good
metal quality and
crucible life
Emergency outlet
drain
T max 1200
°C and 1400
°C
Oil- or
gas-fired
Crucible
furnaces
are used
for
nonferrous
metals
such as
bronze,
brass and
alloys of
zinc and
aluminum.
Furnace
capabilities
are
generally
limited to
several
hundred
pounds.
Curcible
Furnace
(tilting)

6.
5
Advantages
and
Limitations
Temperature
Range
Fuel or
Energy Used
Metals and
alloys to be
melted
ConstructionFurnace type
The coreless
induction
furnace has
copper coils
that are
protected by
a steel and
magnetic
shield and
kept cool by
water
circulating
from a
special
cooling
tower. A layer
of refractory,
or difficult to
melt material,
is placed
above the
coils and
heated to the
desired
temperature.
providing
temperatures
in excess of
3000° C at
high vacuum
or in any
suitable gas
mixture at
pressures up
to 8
atmospheres.
An
induction
furnace is
an electrical
furnace .
Power
supplies
range from
10 kW to
15 MW, with
melt sizes of
20 kg to
30 tones of
metal
respectively.
Induction
furnace
capacities
range
from less
than one
kilogram
to one
hundred
tones
capacity
and are
used to
melt iron
and steel,
copper,
aluminum
and
precious
metals.
Induction
furnace

7.
6
List of References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_furnace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucible
http://www.uterna.lt/products/Electrical_furnaces/Stationary_and_tilted_crucibl
e_furnaces_for_melting_of_non-f/?id1=313&id2=384
http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/tag/cupola-furnace/
http://www.atlasfdry.com/cupolafurnace.htm
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/FAQ/10422
http://www.mechanicalengineeringblog.com/3041-cupola-furnace-how-to-
build-a-cupola-iron-melting-furnace/
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-induction-furnace.htm
http://thetekkit.wikia.com/wiki/Induction_Furnace