The document discusses horticulture statistics in India. It notes that horticulture is an important and fast-growing agricultural sector but data collection is constrained by multiple agencies involved and limitations in methodology. It recommends strengthening coordination between state agencies, designating nodal officers, developing state horticulture information systems, conducting censuses, and piloting an alternative methodology developed by IASRI to improve reliability of horticulture statistics.

1. CASE STUDY ON
HORTICULTURE STATISTICS
1
Ashishkumar koradia
akkoradia51@gmail.com

2. OVERVIEW - HORTICULTURE
• A Prominent Segment under Agriculture Sector and the
fastest growing sector
• Considerable attention in the 11th
Five Year Plan
• All States / UT covered under Two special Horticulture
programmes of NHM and HMNEH
• Mission programme (NHM) in operation in 344 districts
out of 476 districts of 18 States and UTs, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep (initially in 227 districts)
• Horticulture projects are capital intensive, have higher
gestation period, need costly inputs including higher
technology and efficient value change management.
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3. HORTICULTURE – ADVANTAGE INDIA
• India is endowed with a remarkably
heterogeneous area characterized by a great
diversity of agro climatic zones, allowing for
production of a variety of horticultural crops such
as fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation
crops, root and tuber crops, and medicinal and
aromatic crops.
• India is the second largest producer of fruits and
vegetables in the world.
• Horticulture exports has helped the country to
earn Rs 14,000 crore in 2011-12.
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4. SNAPSHOT OF HORTICULTURE
• Horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural
GDP from 8.5% of the cropped area.
• India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp,
fresh mangoes, dried walnuts, fresh grapes.
• India’s biggest export markets are South Asian &
Middle east Countries.
• India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it
accounts for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables
and 0.5% in fruits
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5. HORTICULTURE STATISTICS
• WHY REQUIRED?
• WHAT IS THE PRESENT STATUS?
• WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?
• WAY FORWARD
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6. HORTICULTURE DATA
WHY REQUIRED?
• To make correct assessment of growth in the
horticulture sector.
• To ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of the
concerned development policies and programs.
• To facilitate perspective planning and harnessing
vast potential in the horticulture sector.
• Analyze data to gain better knowledge and
understanding of the situation for taking appropriate
measures to promote systematic development of
horticulture sector.
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7. PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA
• AREA,PRODUCTION,YIELD DATA
• DATA ON COMMODITY PRICES, SUPPLIES
(MARKET ARRIVALS), STORAGES ETC.
• EXPORT/IMPORT DATA
• DATA ON PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF
SCHEMES (NHM, HMNEH ETC.) (COMPONENT
WISE) - PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL
ACHIEVEMENTS
• SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (RESEARCH STUDIES
ETC.)
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8. PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA
Multiple agencies involved in collection/
compilation of data.
• D/o Agriculture & Cooperation through State Horticulture
Departments
• State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DES)
through Crop Estimation Survey-Fruits and Vegetables (Plan
Scheme)
• Export/Import data (DGCIS, APEDA, DGFT)
• Crop Boards (CASHEWNUT/COCONUT/ SPICES etc.)
• Market Intelligence data through NHB and DMI in M/o
AGRICULTURE.
• Research and Other Organizations (e.g. NHRDF, SFAC)
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9. PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA
AREA,PRODUCTION, YIELD- CROP-WISE
• 22 TYPES OF FRUITS (e.g. BANANA, MANGO, CITRUS, APPLE,
GUAVA, GRAPES, PINEAPPLE, PAPAYA, POMEGRANATE ETC. )
• 20 TYPES OF VEGETABLES (e.g. POTATO, BRINJAL, TOMATO,
TAPIOCA, ONION, CABBAGE, CAULIFLOWER, OKRA ETC.)
• FLOWERS (LOOSE AND CUT)
• PLANTATION CROPS (COCONUT, CASHEWNUT, ARECANUT,
COCOA)
• SPICES (e.g. MUSTARD SEED, CHILLI, TURMERIC, GARLIC,
GINGER, TAMARIND, CORIANDER, CUMIN, PEPPER,
FENUGREEK ETC.)
• AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANTS
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10. PRESENT SYSTEM OF DATA COLLECTION
• Fruits and Vegetables, Flowers, Nuts and Aromatic &
Medicinal Plants, Coconut
– State Departments of Horticulture and Agriculture
• Plantation crops (cashewnut, arecanut and cocoa) and
spices
– Directorate of Cocoa and Cashew nut Development
(DCCD)
– Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development (DASD)
• NHB brings out an annual publication `Indian
Horticulture Database’
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11. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
Area Estimation:
• Girdawari
• On the basis of input supplied etc.
Estimation of Production:
• Eye Estimation
• Oral enquiry from farmers
• Based on Productivity norms as calculated by
GCES, CES-F&V
• Some scientific methods for some crops.
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12. REVIEW COMMITTEE
• Horticulture data received from States / Boards/
Directorate are compiled by the Horticulture Division of
DAC.
• Estimates are approved by a Review Committee under
the Chairmanship of Principal Adviser, Department of
Agriculture and Cooperation with following members
– Economic and Statistical Adviser, DAC
– Joint Secretary (NHM), DAC
– Horticulture Commissioner, DAC
– Managing Director, NHB
– Adviser (Hort) DAC.
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13. SCHEDULE OF DATA APPROVAL BY REVIEW
COMMITTEE
(Agriculture crop year: July –June)
Estimates Date of
finalization
Date of receipt of
data from States/UTs
1st Advance Estimates
of the current year and
Final Estimates of
previous year
31st December 10th December
2nd Advance
Estimates of Current
Year
15th May 1st May
3rd Advance Estimates
of Current year
31st August 10th August
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14. HORTI. DATA- WHAT DOES IT TELL ?
• ANDHRA PRADESH, W.BENGAL, UTTAR PRADESH,
MAHARASHTRA, TAMIL NADU, BIHAR, GUJARAT, KARNATAKA,
MADHYA PRADESH AND ODISHA ARE THE LEADING STATES IN
HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION. (contributing about 80% output -
first 6 States producing more than half the total output).
• MAHARASHTRA, ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU, GUJARAT,
KARNATAKA AND U.P. ARE THE LEADING FRUIT PRODUCING
STATES. (nearly 60% output).
• W BENGAL, U.P., BIHAR, ANDHRA PRADESH, MADHYA PRADESH,
GUJARAT AND ODISHA ARE THE LEADING VEGETABLE
PRODUCERS. (contributing over 60% output; first 4 States
producing more than 40%). 14

15. HORTI. DATA- WHAT DOES IT TELL ?
• TOTAL HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY
IS 257.3 MILLION TONNES IN 2011-12 ( 96.6 MILLION
TONNES IN 1991-92). (FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION = 257
MILLION TONNES)
• TOTAL AREA UNDER HORTICULTURE CROPS IN 2011-12
IS 23.2 MILLION HA (12.8 MILLION HA IN 1991-92).
• MAJOR FRUITS- BANANA,MANGO AND CITRUS FRUITS;
(CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 70% PRODUCTION)
• MAJOR VEGETABLES- POTATO, TOMATO, ONION,
BRINJAL AND CABBAGE (CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 80%
PRODUCTION)
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18. 18D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

19. Trends in Fruits and Vegetables Production
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20. WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?
• LIMITATIONS IN THE EXISTING DATA
– MULTIPLE AGENCIES COLLECTING AND COMPILING DATA-
DIFFERENT METHODOLOGY AND COVERAGE
– FREQUENT DATA REVISION
– TIME LAG IN DATA AVAILABILITY. STATES ARE NOT
ADHERING TO TIME SCHEDULE FOR SENDING THE DATA
– DATA INCONSISTENCIES
– EVEN THE METHODOLOGY ADOPTED BY VARIOUS STATE
HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENTS VARY FROM STATE TO
STATE.
– DATA FOR CROPS EXCLUSIVELY GROWN IN A STATE, NOT
BEING REPORTED BY THE STATE.
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21. WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?
• LACK OF EFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
– ABSENCE OF PROPER SYSTEMATIC UNITS FOR
COLLECTION / COMPILATION OF HORTICULTURE DATA
– INEFFECTIVE DATA VALIDATION MECHANISM
– NODAL AGENCY NOT OVERSEEING THE ENTIRE SET OF
HORTICULTURE CROPS AND ABSENCE OF COORDINATION
WITH OTHER AGENCIES
– INADEQUATE USE OF MODERN INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS AND ORGANIZE DATA
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22. WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?
• DATA GAPS
– LACK OF AUTHENTIC BASE LINE DATA FOR ALL STATES
(DISTRICT LEVEL).
– DATA ON EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL (DIRECT/INDIRECT).
– PRODUCTIVITY PROFILE (CROP/REGION/DISTRICT WISE).
– DATA ON COST OF CULTIVATION/ECONOMY OF FARMING OF
DIFFERENT HORTICULTURAL CROPS.
– PRODUCTION – HOW MUCH FLOW TO THE MARKET AND
FARMER’S OWN CONSUMPTION SHARE .
– POST HARVEST LOSSES AND WASTAGES IN THE TRANSIT
– NO OPERATIONAL MANUAL FOR FIELD STAFF
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23. WAY FORWARD AND PLAN OF ACTION
1. COORDINATION BETWEEN STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
HORTICULTURE AND DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS
NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED TO GENERATE RELIABLE
HORTICULTURE STATISTICS.
2. STRENGTHEN THE LOWEST FUNCTIONARY REPORTING
HORTICULTURE DATA FROM THE SELECTED VILLAGES/ TEHSILS.
3. DESIGNATE NODAL OFFICER IN EACH STATE TO VALIDATE,
COORDINATE AND SUPPLY DATA. ENVISAGE DATA CONSORTIUM
TO CHECK INTERNAL DATA VARIATION AND INCONSISTENCY.
4. FOR FACILITATING SMOOTH COLLECTION, COORDINATION AND
DISSEMINATION OF HORTICULTURE DATA FROM DISTRICT LEVEL
TO CENTRE, STATE DEPARTMENTS NEED TO DEVELOP A STATE
HORTICULTURE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS).
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24. WAY FORWARD AND PLAN OF ACTION
5. BESIDES THE BASIC DATA FOR AREA AND PRODUCTION, THRUST
SHOULD ALSO BE ON TIMELY AVAILABILITY OF THE RELATED
DATA LIKE STORAGE, MARKET ARRIVALS, PRICES, EXPORTS ETC.
6. CONDUCT/ORGANIZE HORTICULTURE CENSUS TO CREATE/UPDATE
BASE-LINE (DISTRICT) DATA.
7. EXTEND CROP CUTTING EXPERIMENTS TO COVER ALL IMPORTANT
HORTICULTURE CROPS.
8. PREPARATION OF GUIDELINES / MANUALS FOR COLLECTION OF
DATA FOR VARIOUS CROPS.
9. FOR COLLECTION OF DATA, ADOPT UNIFORM
METHODOLOGY/APPROACH TO ENSURE CONCEPTUAL
HOMOGENEITY.
10. IN THIS CONNECTION, AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY HAVE
BEEN DEVELOPED BY IASRI. 24

25. Alternative Methodology
AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BY IASRI
TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INFORMATION FLOWING FROM ALL
SOURCES INCLUDING MARKET ARRIVALS, EXPORTS AND
GROWERS ASSOCIATIONS.
THE METHODOLOGY NEEDS TO BE PILOTED IN FIVE STATES NAMELY,
ANDHRA PRADESH, MAHARASHTRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH, UTTAR
PRADESH AND KARNATAKA BEFORE EXTENDING TO THE ENTIRE
COUNTRY.
THE BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY INCLUDED:
• TO TEST THE DEVELOPED ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION
OF ACREAGE UNDER EACH MAJOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS
• TO TEST THE DEVELOPED ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION
OF YIELD RATES AND TOTAL PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FRUIT AND
VEGETABLE CROPS GROWN IN THE STATE
• TO ESTIMATE AREA AND PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FRUITS AND
VEGETABLES USING REMOTE SENSING –GIS AND FIELD SURVEY.
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26. Alternative Methodology
THE IASRI PROPOSAL FOR THE ALTERNATIVE
METHODOLOGY HAS FINANCIAL IMPLICATION OF RS.
6.50 CRORE.
FOR THE BETTERMENT OF HORTICULTURE
STATISTICS, THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY.
CAN THE STATES COME UP WITH SOME WAY OUT
FOR FUNDING THIS ENDEAVOUR?
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