Case study; malthus mauritius by Miss J. Ball, Chasetown High School
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Mauritius experienced rapid population growth in the 1950s that threatened to outpace its resources according to Malthusian theories. However, the government intervened with family planning programs and economic diversification. This stimulated technological changes in agriculture and development of industry as predicted by Boserup. As a result, Mauritius avoided a Malthusian crisis and sustained population growth through improved living standards.
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The Kurds are an ethnic group that has historically inhabited an area called Kurdistan but are now stateless due to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and creation of new borders by European powers in the 1920s that did not include an independent Kurdistan state. As a result, around 30 million Kurds are divided among Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and other states where they have faced violence and oppression, including Saddam Hussein's Anfal Campaign against Iraqi Kurds in 1987-88 that killed over 200,000 Kurds.
Sacred space
This document discusses several topics related to religion and sacred spaces:
1. It explains the concept of sacred spaces in religion and how they are important places that hold special meaning and significance. Sacred spaces can be a source of conflict over territory and protection.
2. Religion provides a basis for community identity at various scales, from worldwide religious groups to local congregations. Diaspora religious communities also develop strong attachments to specific territories.
3. Religious laws and beliefs influence public and private spaces through rules governing behavior, holidays, education, and government in some countries. Examples of religious influences on the landscape like places of worship are also provided.
Choropleth maps & generalization
This document discusses choropleth map generalization and how it can potentially mislead. It compares choropleth maps showing well-being data by state versus congressional district. It also provides examples of choropleth maps with different classification schemes, such as standard deviation, equal number of classes with different class sizes, to demonstrate how generalization can impact the maps.
Chapter 13, key 4 (use with skeletal notes)
Suburbs face distinctive challenges due to their rapid growth in the 20th century. As more people moved to suburbs, urban areas expanded through annexation and the development of edge cities further from downtown cores. This led to issues like infrastructure costs, loss of agricultural land, traffic congestion, and socioeconomic segregation between inner cities and suburbs. Suburbanization also contributed to the decline of public transit systems and increased dependence on personal vehicles for transportation.
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World cities are major control centers for the global economy where critical decision making and interaction take place regarding global issues. The top 10 most populated cities in 1950 were mainly located in Europe and North America, while in 2015 the top 10 cities are more spread out and include several in Asia, Africa, and South America, reflecting shifts in the global economy and population growth. Tokyo has become the most populated city, surpassing both New York and Mumbai.
Review -pwr pnt assignment
The document provides instructions for a test review assignment that requires creating captions for images, labeling key information on each image, and identifying the chapter each image is from. Students are asked if they can apply a geographic model to each image and list 5 vocabulary words from the assigned chapter. They are instructed to use their book as a last resource and try to figure things out as a group first.
Chapter 12, Key 3 by David Palmer
This document provides an overview of key concepts in urban geography including:
1. Urban hierarchy systems with varying levels of cities and towns, where larger cities provide more services than smaller towns and exist at regional, national, and global scales.
2. Central place theory, which models spatial patterns of settlements in a nested hierarchy of market areas to most efficiently serve consumers.
3. The rank-size rule, which states that the second largest city in a system will be half the population of the largest city, and populations decrease with lower ranks.
Chapter 10 key 2
This document summarizes different types of agriculture practiced in less developed countries, including shifting cultivation, pastoral nomadism, and intensive subsistence agriculture. Shifting cultivation involves clearing and burning plots of land for temporary agriculture before letting the land lie fallow. Pastoral nomadism involves herding livestock in dry areas. Intensive subsistence agriculture features small, intensively farmed plots used to grow crops like wet rice in Asia to feed families. The future of these agricultural systems is threatened by issues like population growth, urbanization, and commercialization.
Chapter 10 key 4
This chapter discusses various issues relating to agriculture. It covers Von Thünen's model of how distance to market affects crop selection for farmers. Issues for commercial farmers include access to markets, overproduction, and sustainable agriculture practices. Subsistence farmers face challenges from population growth and need to balance food for domestic use versus exports. The document also discusses ways to increase the global food supply, such as the Green Revolution and cultivating new food sources. It identifies regions most at risk for desertification.
Chapter 10 key 1
This document provides an overview of agriculture. It discusses how agriculture began around 10,000 years ago through the deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals. It contrasts hunting and gathering societies with agricultural societies. The document then covers the origins of vegetative and seed-based agriculture in different regions. It discusses the differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture. It also maps the global distribution of major agricultural regions and how they correlate with climate zones. Finally, it discusses tools for identifying and protecting productive farmland from urban expansion.
Lee's model and step migration
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
6 Major World Religions
This document provides information on 6 major world religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. It discusses their origins, founders, holy sites, sacred writings, numbers of followers, and core beliefs. Buddhism originated in Nepal, Hinduism in India, Taoism in China, Christianity in Israel, Islam in Mecca, and Judaism in Israel. The religions' founders include Siddhartha Gautama for Buddhism, no single founder for Hinduism, Lao Tzu for Taoism, Jesus Christ for Christianity, Muhammad for Islam, and Abraham for Judaism. Their sacred texts are the Tripitaka, Vedas, Tao Te Ch
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- 1. Applying the Ideas of Malthus and Boserup
- 2. Malthus & Boserup • There is evidence to suggest that the ideas of Malthus and Boserup may be appropriate at different scales. • On a global level the growing suffering and famine in some LEDC‟s may reinforce Malthusian ideas. • On a national scale some governments have been motivated by increasing populations to develop their resources to meet growing demands.
- 5. Map of Mauritius Built up area N
- 6. Mauritius: Population Change Population 1992: 1,094,000 2025: 1,365,000 Growth Rate: 1.45% Pop doubling time: 47 years Fertility Rate: 2.17 children
- 7. Mauritius: Physical Geography • Area: 1860 sq km • Natural Resources: arable land & fish • Agriculture: a/c for 10% GDP • Climate: tropical • Soils: fertile • Exports: sugar 32%; garments 31%; plastics 32%; others 5%
- 8. The Issues? 1.What can we say about the rate of population growth in Mauritius? 2. How does the graph opposite contribute to our understanding of population growth in Mauritius?
- 9. Crisis? What Crisis? Consider the graph again. To what extent do you agree with this statement: In the 1950‟s Mauritius was experiencing a „Malthusian crisis‟
- 10. Possible Answer! • Birth rate had risen sharply from 35 to 45+ per thousand • Death Rate had declined sharply from 30 to 15 per thousand • Rate of natural increase suddenly very steep PRESSURE ON THE ECONOMY/NATURAL RESOURCES/AGRICULTURE
- 11. Population Resources Equation • Population increasing • Diminishing resources (more mouths to feed and more people to support) RESOURCES POP’N
- 12. What happened next? Malthus - doom & gloom? OR Boserup - „technological‟ change
- 13. Government Intervention The Government organized a family planning program, aiming to: • improve the status of women • restrict early marriage • provide better health care • set up a family planning service
- 14. Other influencing factors 1 • Changes in attitude to family size • improved educational opportunities for women • improved female work opportunities (by 1990 35% of women were in paid employment (22% in 1975)) • getting married later on in life
- 15. Other influencing factors 2 • Diversification of agriculture (2 crops and “de-rocking”) • Investment in industry • Improved trading links - as an ex colony of the UK it is quite „westernized‟ and has a democratic, stable Government - this has helped forge links with the USA • Many TNC‟s are drawn to Mauritius - Why might this be? Suggest some reasons!!!
- 16. Mauritius - TNC Attractor! • Holds „Export Processing Zone‟ (EPZ) status • Tax incentives available • Has large numbers of well educated residents • Good level of investment in transport • Good supply of cheap labor • The creation of a Freeport at Port Louis
- 17. Population Resources Equation RESOURCES POPULATION
- 18. Questions to Consider… 1. Compare the experiences of Mauritius with the theories of Malthus and Boserup. 2. To which theory is Mauritius closer? 3. „A poor country‟s fragile economy cannot keep up with population growth, so people will just get poorer and poorer‟. Use evidence from Mauritius to comment on this view, stating whether or not you agree with it.