CASE 10
The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25 years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One would expect any disease this widespread would receive national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease regularly and have straightforward conversations with those who contracted the disease. The American public health and medical systems would be geared toward treating and preventing further spread of this disease.
Surprisingly, there is a disease that currently affects two thirds of the U.S. population, yet has not received the expected response. In 2009, 66.4% of the adult population in the United States was overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25),i which is more than twice the prevalence rate from 3 decades before.1,2 Adults are not the only ones affected; childhood obesity rates have also tripled in the last 30 years.3 Additionally, if the existing rates of increase continue, 86.3% of U.S. adults will be overweight and 51.1% will be obese by 2030.4 These are staggering numbers for any health condition, but especially one that is related to a multitude of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, certain cancers, and arthritis.5 Beyond the individual health risks, overweight and obesity also contribute to increased health costs, both nationally and for individuals. For example, in 2008, medical spending attributable to obesity was estimated to have been $147 billion, accounting for 9.1% of annual medical spending.6
These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S. healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity, the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public relations te ...
2016 16th population health colloquium: summary of proceedings Innovations2Solutions
This paper will discuss the four key ideas discussed at the Colloquium that will have important ramifications as healthcare organizations seek to implement population health strategies:
1. understanding and alleviating Patient fear is Key to Patient experience
2. the Case for a new Population Health Protection agenda as a means to drive down Healthcare Costs
3. using data and technology to improve Healthcare for older adults
4. engage Consumers in Wellness-based Population Health and thrive financially
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical JeanmarieColbert3
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical role in the develop-
ment and negotiation of the Alma-Ata Declaration, which identified primary health
care as a central strategy to the goal of health for all and a comprehensive approach to
the organization of health systems. Since then, the values and principles of primary
health care, which include the right to health, equity, solidarity, social justice and par-
ticipation, and multisectoral action, among others, have formed the basis of many
PAHO mandates and have guided health systems transformation in the Region. The
positive impact of primary health care on the reduction of mortality, morbidity, and
inequities in health is well known. (1) What’s more, primary health care consumes less
financial resources than curative approaches and promotes a chain of positive results
from improved health to increased economic output, growth and productivity. (2)
In 2007, PAHO’s position paper on Renewing Primary Health Care in the Americas
included the definition of elements and functions of a primary healthcare-based
health system with the intention of providing guidance to countries as they worked
to transform their systems. (3) In 2014, the 53rd PAHO Directing Council’s resolution
on Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage (4) recognized the
values and principles of Alma-Ata. The resolution urged PAHO Member States to
promote intersectoral action to address social determinants of health and move
toward health systems where all people and communities have access, without any
discrimination, to comprehensive, appropriate and timely, quality health services, as
well as access to safe, effective, and affordable quality medicines, while ensuring that
the use of such services does not expose users to financial difficulties. (4) The Sustai-
nable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018–2030, which represents the commitment
of Member States to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and unfinished
business from previous engagements, established areas of action that reinforce and
complement the recommendations of the Alma-Ata Declaration. These include stren-
gthening the national health authority; tackling health determinants; increasing so-
cial protection and access to quality health services; diminishing health inequalities
among countries and inequities within them; reducing the risk and burden of disease;
strengthening the management and development of health workers; harnessing
knowledge, science, and technology; and strengthening health security. (5)
In the Region, the lessons that have been learned about the primary health care
approach since Alma-Ata have been overwhelmingly positive. We have seen that
countries that have implemented policies and programs based on primary health
care have registered the lowest levels of infant and maternal mortality. Other achie-
vements include improvement in public spending, increase in primary care s ...
1Running head OBESITY 4Running head OBESITY.docxvickeryr87
1
Running head: OBESITY
4
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 is 18.3% compared to 12.5% of men. The.
2016 16th population health colloquium: summary of proceedings Innovations2Solutions
This paper will discuss the four key ideas discussed at the Colloquium that will have important ramifications as healthcare organizations seek to implement population health strategies:
1. understanding and alleviating Patient fear is Key to Patient experience
2. the Case for a new Population Health Protection agenda as a means to drive down Healthcare Costs
3. using data and technology to improve Healthcare for older adults
4. engage Consumers in Wellness-based Population Health and thrive financially
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical JeanmarieColbert3
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical role in the develop-
ment and negotiation of the Alma-Ata Declaration, which identified primary health
care as a central strategy to the goal of health for all and a comprehensive approach to
the organization of health systems. Since then, the values and principles of primary
health care, which include the right to health, equity, solidarity, social justice and par-
ticipation, and multisectoral action, among others, have formed the basis of many
PAHO mandates and have guided health systems transformation in the Region. The
positive impact of primary health care on the reduction of mortality, morbidity, and
inequities in health is well known. (1) What’s more, primary health care consumes less
financial resources than curative approaches and promotes a chain of positive results
from improved health to increased economic output, growth and productivity. (2)
In 2007, PAHO’s position paper on Renewing Primary Health Care in the Americas
included the definition of elements and functions of a primary healthcare-based
health system with the intention of providing guidance to countries as they worked
to transform their systems. (3) In 2014, the 53rd PAHO Directing Council’s resolution
on Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage (4) recognized the
values and principles of Alma-Ata. The resolution urged PAHO Member States to
promote intersectoral action to address social determinants of health and move
toward health systems where all people and communities have access, without any
discrimination, to comprehensive, appropriate and timely, quality health services, as
well as access to safe, effective, and affordable quality medicines, while ensuring that
the use of such services does not expose users to financial difficulties. (4) The Sustai-
nable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018–2030, which represents the commitment
of Member States to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and unfinished
business from previous engagements, established areas of action that reinforce and
complement the recommendations of the Alma-Ata Declaration. These include stren-
gthening the national health authority; tackling health determinants; increasing so-
cial protection and access to quality health services; diminishing health inequalities
among countries and inequities within them; reducing the risk and burden of disease;
strengthening the management and development of health workers; harnessing
knowledge, science, and technology; and strengthening health security. (5)
In the Region, the lessons that have been learned about the primary health care
approach since Alma-Ata have been overwhelmingly positive. We have seen that
countries that have implemented policies and programs based on primary health
care have registered the lowest levels of infant and maternal mortality. Other achie-
vements include improvement in public spending, increase in primary care s ...
1Running head OBESITY 4Running head OBESITY.docxvickeryr87
1
Running head: OBESITY
4
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 is 18.3% compared to 12.5% of men. The.
200 words for each respond1)Obesity has become a com.docxdomenicacullison
200 words for each respond
1)
Obesity has become a common and problematic epidemic within the United States in which communities are gathering in forces to provide prevention tactics for the individuals as well as family oriented to encourage healthier lifestyle choices. Currently today an estimate of about 39% of the population struggled with obesity and unfortunately about 18.5% of these overweight categories were centered on youth in particular (Kelly, 2019). Being obese adds to increased risk of various kinds of debilitating illnesses and the criteria for obesity has now been clearly defined by the measurement of the body mass index in which health providers can effectively begin aggressive prevention once diagnosed. Heart disease, diabetes, psychological, and lifestyle issues with supposed potential cancers have been researched in the overall illness range that obesity influences (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Contributing factors that increase the likelihood of overweight tendencies surface from genetic and socioeconomic influences. Those who have family that struggle with weight gain are highly likely to struggle also. Ethnic races have shown Hispanic and African American are the highest rates on obesity, 50% in both, while Caucasian and Asian are the lowest ranging scale of 37% to 12%. (Healthy People 2020, 2019).
Tactics to promote healthy lifestyles within a community are bringing awareness and prevention opportunities for families and individuals who acknowledged the risk factors of certain obesity formation. Individual or family adapted health behavior changes, prompts to encourage walking paths, trails, or public organizations that encourage healthy lifestyle such as the YMCA , enhanced school-based physical education with nutrition promotion and media campaigns that deliver the messages by television, social media, newspaper or radio are strong community strategies that can address the obesity epidemic today.
We as nurses can act as role models by educating the public on nutrition and obesity related problems. A healthy diet is a key component to reducing weight gain and overall health. As a community health nurse, the opportunity to closely work with people in providing education and healthier choices that help people feel they have options for nutrition can be seen as a personal counselor to develop goals and a plan for positive achievement. A form of exercise to complement the healthy diet can be applied by giving support to help individuals identify a safe and effective activity plan that they will stick to with encouragement to use public outlets. The community nurse can promote change by explaining the risk factors that cause obesity and provide more scientific elements of the health issue. By opening communication through means of community boards, social media, and leaflets or presentations in public areas such as YMCA or Health Department interest can be supported by.
1
Running head: OBESITY
3
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
Lauren Urquiza
Chamberlain University
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 ...
Public health is generally defined as the health of the population as a whole. The World Health Organization gives a more detailed definition as “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society”. Government agencies are part of those organized efforts, including the FDA...
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Public Health Principles
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HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS 2
HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Over the last two decades, the United States of America has experienced an increase in the deaths that result from opioid use disorder. For this reason, there was a need for the American congress to pass policies that would help the nation avert the impending national disaster. In October 2018, the American congress passed a new act that affected the country’s healthcare policies. Support for patients and communities act was passed in response to the opioid epidemic facing the United States of America. The show was developed in conjunction with other related actions to help address the problem of opioid addiction in the United States of America. Drug Addiction Act of 2000 provides a waiver for physicians prescribing drugs that manage opioid use disorder. Before passing the Support for patients and communities act, physicians were supposed to undergo an eight-hour training to be given the waiver to prescribe drugs such as buprenorphine. The Support for Patients and communities act allows graduate physicians to prescribe buprenorphine without restrictions (Shapiro et al., 2019).
One of the policy’s impacts on healthcare is that it provides for improved accessibility to evidence-based addiction treatment. Before the policy was enacted, it was hard for the opioid addicts in the United States of America to access treatment. Healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid have expanded their services to ensure that opioid addicts access treatment plans. Such has made it easy for the American healthcare system to meet its target of improving healthcare access for all Americans (Incze et al., 2021).
Another way that the policy has impacted the American healthcare system is by expanding workforce opportunities. Healthcare facilities depend on other facilities to achieve the overall goal of achieving health among the patients. When the policy was passed, it raised the possibilities for healthcare support by increasing the recovery community centers. Opioid use disorder is an addiction that cannot be healed with a short-term treatment plan—the policy allowed for the building of community centers where opioid-addicted Americans can be treated until they recover. The community centers are essential to decongest the American healthcare facilities while supporting the overall goal of a healthy country. Patients recovering from Opioid addiction are housed in community centers while they undergo treatment before they are allowed to rejoin their respective communities (Jones & McCance-Katz, 2018).
The policy has been applied in healthcare practice by allowing for a capacity increase in emergency overdose response. Before the act was signed into law, many Americans died from an opioid overdose since physicians could not prescribe buprenorphine without mandatory training. Once the policy was enacted, it allowed physicians to prescribe buprenorphine ...
CHAPTER 7The policy processEileen T. O’GradyThere are tJinElias52
CHAPTER 7
The policy process
Eileen T. O’Grady
“There are three critical ingredients to democratic renewal and progressive change in America: good public policy, grassroots organizing and electoral politics.”
Paul Wellstone
Nurses can more strategically and effectively influence policy if they have a clear understanding of the policymaking process. Conceptual models can help to organize and interpret information by depicting complex ideas in a simplified form; to this end, political scientists have developed a number of conceptual models to explain the highly dynamic process of policymaking. This chapter reviews two of these conceptual models.
Health policy and politics
Health policy encompasses the political, economic, social, cultural, and social determinants of individuals and populations and attempts to address the broader issues in health and health care (see Box 7.1 for policy definitions). A clear understanding of the points of influence to shape policy is essential and includes framing the problem itself. For example, if nurses working in a nurse-managed clinic are troubled by staff shortages or long patient waits, they may be inclined to see themselves as the solution by working longer hours and seeing more patients. Defining and framing the problem is the first step in the policy process and involves assessing its history, patterns of impact, resource allocation, and community needs. Broadening and framing the problem to influence or educate stakeholders at the local, state, or federal level could include advocating for better access or funding for nursing workforce development (see Box 7.1).
BOX 7.1
Policy Definitions
Policy is authoritative decision making related to choices about goals and priorities of the policymaking body. In general, policies are constructed as a set of regulations (public policy), practice standards (workplace), governance mandates (organizations), ethical behavior (research), and ordinances (communities) that direct individuals, groups, organizations, and systems toward the desired behaviors and goals.
Health policy is the authoritative decisions made in the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, and decisions of others (Longest, 2016).
Policy analysis is the investigation of an issue including the background, purpose, content, and effects of various options within a policy context and their relevant social, economic, and political factors (Dye, 2016).
The next step is to bring the problem to the attention of those who have the power to implement a solution. Other key factors to consider include generating public interest, the availability of viable policy solutions, the likelihood that the policy will serve most of the people at risk in a fair and equitable fashion, and consideration of the organizational, community, societal, and political viability of the policy solution.
Public interest is a fascinating dynamic ...
Childhood Abuse and Delinquency 150 Words Research regarding.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Childhood Abuse and Delinquency 150 Words
Research regarding spanking children has had mixed results, do you think spanking contributes to delinquency or helps to prevent it? Justify your response.
Please remember to use netiquette when responding to your classmates
.
Childrens StoryKnowing how to address a variety of situations in .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Children's Story
Knowing how to address a variety of situations in the early childhood setting and effectively partnering with parents to do so are important skills for all teachers and caregivers. For this assignment, you will choose one of the following scenarios:
Shane has a difficult time separating from his mother each morning. At drop off, he clings to her and screams uncontrollably. After she leaves, Shane continues to scream and cry until you are able to soothe him.
Lisa often gets frustrated when trying to play with other children. She takes toys from their hands and even hits children with the toys.
Next, address each of the following points according to the teaching approach/setting that best reflects your style in your desired classroom setting (e.g. Montessori, Reggio Emilia, Waldorf, traditional preschool, etc.):
Outline a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario.
Explain how your plan would support the teaching approach/setting.
Describe how you will create an effective partnership with parents to address the discipline or guidance scenario.
Describe one or two possible obstacles you might encounter when implementing your plan.
Discuss how you will address these obstacles.
The paper should be three to four pages in addition to the title page and the reference page. Use at least two scholarly sources in addition to your text. Your paper should also be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Description
:
Total Possible Score
: 6.00
Outlines a Specific Plan for Addressing the Discipline or Guidance Scenario
Total: 1.25
Distinguished - Outlines in detail a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario. The plan is well supported by scholarly sources.
Proficient - Outlines a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario. The plan is supported by scholarly sources but is missing minor details.
Basic - Vaguely outlines a plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario; however, the plan may not be sufficiently supported by scholarly sources and is missing relevant details.
Below Expectations - Attempts to outline a plan for addressing the scenario; however, the plan is not sufficiently supported by scholarly sources and is missing significant details.
Non-Performance - The outline of a specific plan is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions.
Explains How the Plan Supports the Teaching Approach/Setting
Total: 0.50
Distinguished - Clearly and comprehensively explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation is well supported by scholarly sources.
Proficient - Explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation is supported by scholarly sources but is slightly underdeveloped.
Basic - Briefly explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation may not be sufficiently supported by s.
Children build their identities based on what they are exposed to, a.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Children build their identities based on what they are exposed to, as well as how adults and peers interact with them. After having read this Module's materials, let's discuss this further.
What do you think are the most influential factors in the building of multicultural identities in children?
How do you raise children to be sensitive, multicultural adults
.
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200 words for each respond1)Obesity has become a com.docxdomenicacullison
200 words for each respond
1)
Obesity has become a common and problematic epidemic within the United States in which communities are gathering in forces to provide prevention tactics for the individuals as well as family oriented to encourage healthier lifestyle choices. Currently today an estimate of about 39% of the population struggled with obesity and unfortunately about 18.5% of these overweight categories were centered on youth in particular (Kelly, 2019). Being obese adds to increased risk of various kinds of debilitating illnesses and the criteria for obesity has now been clearly defined by the measurement of the body mass index in which health providers can effectively begin aggressive prevention once diagnosed. Heart disease, diabetes, psychological, and lifestyle issues with supposed potential cancers have been researched in the overall illness range that obesity influences (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Contributing factors that increase the likelihood of overweight tendencies surface from genetic and socioeconomic influences. Those who have family that struggle with weight gain are highly likely to struggle also. Ethnic races have shown Hispanic and African American are the highest rates on obesity, 50% in both, while Caucasian and Asian are the lowest ranging scale of 37% to 12%. (Healthy People 2020, 2019).
Tactics to promote healthy lifestyles within a community are bringing awareness and prevention opportunities for families and individuals who acknowledged the risk factors of certain obesity formation. Individual or family adapted health behavior changes, prompts to encourage walking paths, trails, or public organizations that encourage healthy lifestyle such as the YMCA , enhanced school-based physical education with nutrition promotion and media campaigns that deliver the messages by television, social media, newspaper or radio are strong community strategies that can address the obesity epidemic today.
We as nurses can act as role models by educating the public on nutrition and obesity related problems. A healthy diet is a key component to reducing weight gain and overall health. As a community health nurse, the opportunity to closely work with people in providing education and healthier choices that help people feel they have options for nutrition can be seen as a personal counselor to develop goals and a plan for positive achievement. A form of exercise to complement the healthy diet can be applied by giving support to help individuals identify a safe and effective activity plan that they will stick to with encouragement to use public outlets. The community nurse can promote change by explaining the risk factors that cause obesity and provide more scientific elements of the health issue. By opening communication through means of community boards, social media, and leaflets or presentations in public areas such as YMCA or Health Department interest can be supported by.
1
Running head: OBESITY
3
Running head: OBESITY
Obesity
Lauren Urquiza
Chamberlain University
NR503 Population Health, Epidemiology, & Statistical Principles
January 2018
Obesity
Obesity is a chronic medical condition and a significant health concern in the United States that is increasing worldwide. More than one third of the adults in the U.S. are obese. It is a leading cause of preventable illness and death (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). This global epidemic is a leading concern for adults and for children who are predisposed to becoming obese as adults. This paper will discuss the significance of obesity in Florida, provide a background of the disease, review current surveillance and reporting methods, conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis, discuss diagnosis and screening for prevention tools, develop an evidence based plan along with measureable outcomes to address obesity as an advanced practice nurse, and conclude with an overview of the main points presented.
Background and Significance
According to the CDC (2016), obesity is defined as “weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height.” It involves excessive weight gain and accumulation of fat. In order to determine obesity, Body Mass Index or BMI is used to indirectly calculate a person’s body fat and health risk based on weight in relation to height. A BMI of 25.0 or above is considered overweight and 30.0 or greater is considered obese. Athletes with a greater amount of muscle mass may have a higher BMI even though they do not have excess body fat. Waist circumference is also used as a tool to diagnose obesity.
There are many causes that contribute to obesity, including behavioral, genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Increase in caloric intake, unhealthy eating habits, decrease in physical activity, certain medications, age, lack of sleep, quitting smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical disorders can contribute to weight gain (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Driving cars has replaced walking and riding bikes, technology has replaced engaging in physical activity, and easy access to cheaper foods has replaced nutritional importance. Most people are aware when weight is gained. Obvious signs and symptoms are tighter clothes, excess fat, and increased weight on a scale. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for many health diseases. Obesity may cause low endurance, breathing issues, excessive sweating, and joint discomfort. It can also lead to diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, depression, and even certain types of cancer such as bowel, breast, and prostate cancer (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Below is a map that highlights the obesity prevalence across the U.S. in 2016 according to the CDC. There is no significant difference in overall prevalence between men and women. The prevalence of women with a BMI > 35 ...
Public health is generally defined as the health of the population as a whole. The World Health Organization gives a more detailed definition as “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society”. Government agencies are part of those organized efforts, including the FDA...
A Career in Public Health Essay examples
Public Health Principles
Public Health Assessment Essay
Public Vs. Public Health Essay
Public Health Research Paper
Master In Public Health
Public Health Entrance Paper
The Ethics Of Public Health Essay
Global Public Health Essay
Public Health Nursing Essay
HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS 2
HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Over the last two decades, the United States of America has experienced an increase in the deaths that result from opioid use disorder. For this reason, there was a need for the American congress to pass policies that would help the nation avert the impending national disaster. In October 2018, the American congress passed a new act that affected the country’s healthcare policies. Support for patients and communities act was passed in response to the opioid epidemic facing the United States of America. The show was developed in conjunction with other related actions to help address the problem of opioid addiction in the United States of America. Drug Addiction Act of 2000 provides a waiver for physicians prescribing drugs that manage opioid use disorder. Before passing the Support for patients and communities act, physicians were supposed to undergo an eight-hour training to be given the waiver to prescribe drugs such as buprenorphine. The Support for Patients and communities act allows graduate physicians to prescribe buprenorphine without restrictions (Shapiro et al., 2019).
One of the policy’s impacts on healthcare is that it provides for improved accessibility to evidence-based addiction treatment. Before the policy was enacted, it was hard for the opioid addicts in the United States of America to access treatment. Healthcare programs such as Medicare and Medicaid have expanded their services to ensure that opioid addicts access treatment plans. Such has made it easy for the American healthcare system to meet its target of improving healthcare access for all Americans (Incze et al., 2021).
Another way that the policy has impacted the American healthcare system is by expanding workforce opportunities. Healthcare facilities depend on other facilities to achieve the overall goal of achieving health among the patients. When the policy was passed, it raised the possibilities for healthcare support by increasing the recovery community centers. Opioid use disorder is an addiction that cannot be healed with a short-term treatment plan—the policy allowed for the building of community centers where opioid-addicted Americans can be treated until they recover. The community centers are essential to decongest the American healthcare facilities while supporting the overall goal of a healthy country. Patients recovering from Opioid addiction are housed in community centers while they undergo treatment before they are allowed to rejoin their respective communities (Jones & McCance-Katz, 2018).
The policy has been applied in healthcare practice by allowing for a capacity increase in emergency overdose response. Before the act was signed into law, many Americans died from an opioid overdose since physicians could not prescribe buprenorphine without mandatory training. Once the policy was enacted, it allowed physicians to prescribe buprenorphine ...
CHAPTER 7The policy processEileen T. O’GradyThere are tJinElias52
CHAPTER 7
The policy process
Eileen T. O’Grady
“There are three critical ingredients to democratic renewal and progressive change in America: good public policy, grassroots organizing and electoral politics.”
Paul Wellstone
Nurses can more strategically and effectively influence policy if they have a clear understanding of the policymaking process. Conceptual models can help to organize and interpret information by depicting complex ideas in a simplified form; to this end, political scientists have developed a number of conceptual models to explain the highly dynamic process of policymaking. This chapter reviews two of these conceptual models.
Health policy and politics
Health policy encompasses the political, economic, social, cultural, and social determinants of individuals and populations and attempts to address the broader issues in health and health care (see Box 7.1 for policy definitions). A clear understanding of the points of influence to shape policy is essential and includes framing the problem itself. For example, if nurses working in a nurse-managed clinic are troubled by staff shortages or long patient waits, they may be inclined to see themselves as the solution by working longer hours and seeing more patients. Defining and framing the problem is the first step in the policy process and involves assessing its history, patterns of impact, resource allocation, and community needs. Broadening and framing the problem to influence or educate stakeholders at the local, state, or federal level could include advocating for better access or funding for nursing workforce development (see Box 7.1).
BOX 7.1
Policy Definitions
Policy is authoritative decision making related to choices about goals and priorities of the policymaking body. In general, policies are constructed as a set of regulations (public policy), practice standards (workplace), governance mandates (organizations), ethical behavior (research), and ordinances (communities) that direct individuals, groups, organizations, and systems toward the desired behaviors and goals.
Health policy is the authoritative decisions made in the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government that are intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, and decisions of others (Longest, 2016).
Policy analysis is the investigation of an issue including the background, purpose, content, and effects of various options within a policy context and their relevant social, economic, and political factors (Dye, 2016).
The next step is to bring the problem to the attention of those who have the power to implement a solution. Other key factors to consider include generating public interest, the availability of viable policy solutions, the likelihood that the policy will serve most of the people at risk in a fair and equitable fashion, and consideration of the organizational, community, societal, and political viability of the policy solution.
Public interest is a fascinating dynamic ...
Childhood Abuse and Delinquency 150 Words Research regarding.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Childhood Abuse and Delinquency 150 Words
Research regarding spanking children has had mixed results, do you think spanking contributes to delinquency or helps to prevent it? Justify your response.
Please remember to use netiquette when responding to your classmates
.
Childrens StoryKnowing how to address a variety of situations in .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Children's Story
Knowing how to address a variety of situations in the early childhood setting and effectively partnering with parents to do so are important skills for all teachers and caregivers. For this assignment, you will choose one of the following scenarios:
Shane has a difficult time separating from his mother each morning. At drop off, he clings to her and screams uncontrollably. After she leaves, Shane continues to scream and cry until you are able to soothe him.
Lisa often gets frustrated when trying to play with other children. She takes toys from their hands and even hits children with the toys.
Next, address each of the following points according to the teaching approach/setting that best reflects your style in your desired classroom setting (e.g. Montessori, Reggio Emilia, Waldorf, traditional preschool, etc.):
Outline a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario.
Explain how your plan would support the teaching approach/setting.
Describe how you will create an effective partnership with parents to address the discipline or guidance scenario.
Describe one or two possible obstacles you might encounter when implementing your plan.
Discuss how you will address these obstacles.
The paper should be three to four pages in addition to the title page and the reference page. Use at least two scholarly sources in addition to your text. Your paper should also be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Description
:
Total Possible Score
: 6.00
Outlines a Specific Plan for Addressing the Discipline or Guidance Scenario
Total: 1.25
Distinguished - Outlines in detail a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario. The plan is well supported by scholarly sources.
Proficient - Outlines a specific plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario. The plan is supported by scholarly sources but is missing minor details.
Basic - Vaguely outlines a plan for addressing the discipline or guidance scenario; however, the plan may not be sufficiently supported by scholarly sources and is missing relevant details.
Below Expectations - Attempts to outline a plan for addressing the scenario; however, the plan is not sufficiently supported by scholarly sources and is missing significant details.
Non-Performance - The outline of a specific plan is either nonexistent or lacks the components described in the assignment instructions.
Explains How the Plan Supports the Teaching Approach/Setting
Total: 0.50
Distinguished - Clearly and comprehensively explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation is well supported by scholarly sources.
Proficient - Explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation is supported by scholarly sources but is slightly underdeveloped.
Basic - Briefly explains how the plan supports the chosen teaching approach/setting. The explanation may not be sufficiently supported by s.
Children build their identities based on what they are exposed to, a.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Children build their identities based on what they are exposed to, as well as how adults and peers interact with them. After having read this Module's materials, let's discuss this further.
What do you think are the most influential factors in the building of multicultural identities in children?
How do you raise children to be sensitive, multicultural adults
.
Child poverty and homelessness are two of the most complex problems .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Child poverty and homelessness are two of the most complex problems faced by society today. Since 2000, the number of children living in poverty has increased from 11.6 million to 15 million. Today, over 20% of all children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level. In addition, it is estimated that 1% to 2% of children are homeless, a number that has surged as a result of the recent global recession and the ensuing financial strain it has placed on many families. Because growing up in poverty increases children’s risks of suffering physical, cognitive, emotional, and social problems, reducing rates of child poverty is a priority. However, politicians and policymakers often disagree on causes and solutions to child poverty, sparking vigorous debate. In this Discussion, you will consider your own thoughts on how child poverty might be addressed. Reflect on the following:
Based on what you have learned this week and your past experiences, what specific policies, initiatives, or programs do you think should be implemented to effectively reduce child poverty/homelessness and/or ameliorate its consequences? Consider at least three.
How and to what extent should technology/media be used for educational purposes? For example, should teachers integrate technology as much as possible in their lessons? Should parents encourage children to study using educational software and the Internet? Or are more traditional learning methods preferable?
Are there any policies, initiatives, or programs aimed at combating child poverty and/or homelessness with which you strongly disagree? Why?
Article:
Southwell, P. (2009). The measurement of child poverty in the United States.
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment
,
19
(4), 317
–
329.
Retrieved from the Academic Search Complete database.
Web Resource:
Moore, K. A., Redd, Z., Burkhauser, M., Mbwana, K., & Collins, A. (2009, April).
Children in poverty: Trends, consequences, and policy options
(Publication No. 2009-11). Retrieved from the Child Trends website:
http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/PovertyRB.pdf
Web Resource:
Valladares, S., & Moore, K. A. (2009, May).
The strengths of poor families
(Publication No. 2009-26). Retrieved from the Child Trends website:
http://childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/Child_Trends-2009_5_14_RB_poorfamstrengths.pdf
.
Child abuse and neglect are critical issues inherent in the field of.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Child abuse and neglect are critical issues inherent in the field of human services. You will likely encounter clients who are abused and neglected. Review the characteristics of neglected children in Chapter 4, and answer the following questions:
How does the presence of child abuse or neglect affect a child’s normal development?
How might you respond to a child who indicates that he or she is being abused or neglected?
What agencies would you contact and why?
.
Check.DescriptionI need help with this one-page essay Please!Co.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Check.
Description:
I need help with this one-page essay Please!Compare and contrast the postcolonial elements that define the works of a range of world authors, including Derek Walcott, Chinua Achebe, Deepika Bahri, W.B. Yeats, Seamus Heaney, E. M. Forster, Salman Rushdie, and Arundhati Roy.
.
Check the paper you write and add your perspective I forgot to say s.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Check the paper you write and add your perspective I forgot to say some instructions. put some opinion about torah
Write a 3 page paper on what you have learned about Judaism that new for you and which is somehow significant to your understanding about this religion and how it affected your thinking.
Could you add some perspectives to paper you wrote...
i dont want you write new paper just add some opinion to paper
.
Check out attachments and read instructions before you make Hand Sh.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
"Check out attachments and read instructions before you make Hand Shake. Otherwise, I can't sign the agreement"
The most
IMPORTANT
things for me:
1)
Use very simple language, I'm an international student
.
2) Follow ALL instructions carefully 100%.
3) Finish it
on time
.
4) Last but not least,
Originality
.
====
I will run the paper through Copyscape that homework market provides, and the result MUST be = ZERO.
Thanks in advance,
.
check out the attachment, it has prompt, use the 4 website to quote .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
check out the attachment, it has prompt, use the 4 website to quote AND paraphrase (both are required) that i pasted on there. 800 words. APA style
download the attachment and follow the requiremen
1. A Swiveling Proxy That Will Even Wear a Tutu
By ROBBIE BROWNJUNE 7, 2013
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/08/education/for-homebound-students-a-robot-proxy-in-the-classroom.html?_r=0
2. How One Boy With Autism Became BFF With Apple’s Siri
By JUDITH NEWMANOCT. 17, 2014
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/fashion/how-apples-siri-became-one-autistic-boys-bff.html
3. The Ethical Frontiers of Robotics
Noel Sharkey*
http://webpages.uncc.edu/~jmconrad/ECGR4161-2011-05/notes/Science_Article_Robotics_Ethics2.pdf
4. THE ROBOTIC MOMENT
sherry turkle
In late November 2005, I took my daughter Rebecca, then fourteen, to the Darwin exhibition
at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. From the moment you step into
the museum and come face-to-face with a full-size dinosaur, you become part of a celebration
of life on Earth, what Darwin called “endless forms most beautiful.” Millions upon millions of
now lifeless specimens represent nature’s invention in every corner of the globe. There could
be no better venue for documenting Darwin’s life and thought and his theory of evolution by
natural selection, the central truth that underpins contemporary biology. The exhibition aimed
to please and, a bit defensively in these days of attacks on the theory of evolution, wanted to
convince.
At the exhibit’s entrance were two giant tortoises from the Galápagos Islands, the bestknown
inhabitants of the archipelago where Darwin did his most famous investigations. The
museum had been advertising these tortoises as wonders, curiosities, and marvels. Here,
among the plastic models at the museum, was the life that Darwin saw more than a century
and a half ago. One tortoise was hidden from view; the other rested in its cage, utterly still.
Rebecca inspected the visible tortoise thoughtfully for a while and then said matter-of-factly,
“They could have used a robot.” I was taken aback and asked what she meant. She said she
thought it was a shame to bring the turtle all this way from its island home in the Pacific, when
it was just going to sit there in the museum, motionless, doing nothing. Rebecca was both
concerned for the imprisoned turtle and unmoved by its authenticity.
It was Thanksgiving weekend. The line was long, the crowd frozen in place. I began to talk
with some of the other parents and children. My question—“Do you care that the turtle is
alive?”—was a welcome diversion from the boredom of the wait. A ten-year-old girl told me
that she would prefer a robot turtle because aliveness comes with aesthetic inconvenience:
“Its water looks dirty. Gross.” More usually, votes for the robots echoed my daughter’s sentiment
that in this setting, aliveness didn’t seem worth the trouble. A twelve-year-old girl was
adam.
Charles Mann is not only interested in how American societies arrive.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Charles Mann is not only interested in how American societies arrived, developed, and
evolved, but also how they adapted to the multiple environments of the Americas. How
did indigenous Americans find ways to overcome environmental obstacles? What
techniques, attitudes, or actions did indigenous Americans share? What techniques were
unique to certain areas? Why did some communities and societies thrive in the years
before 1492 while others fell apart and disbanded into new groups or the landscape? How did scholars of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries differ on their ideas of American Indian development?
.
Check out attachments and read instructions before you make Hand Sha.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Check out attachments and read instructions before you make Hand Shake.
Otherwise
, I can't sign the agreement"
The most
IMPORTANT
things for me:
1)
Use very simple language, I'm an international student
.
2) Follow ALL instructions carefully 100%.
3) Finish it
on time
.
4) Last but not least, Originality.
====
I will run the paper through Copyscape that homework market provides, and the result MUST be = ZERO.
.
Chapters 5-8. One very significant period in Graphic Design History .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Chapters 5-8. One very significant period in Graphic Design History was the Renaissance. Maybe a person or object of art made you start thinking about how it was done. here's the link for the chaper that u need to look at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vCNvvQwCos&list=PLxPtyllY6Cx_Xar71rcNFqX2bDB7Wzfll
.
childrens right in Pakistan.6 pagesat least 7 referencesAPA s.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
children's right in Pakistan.
6 pages
at least 7 references
APA style
References, citation needed
outline:
1.
Country in context
2.
Demographics
3.
History
4.
Culture and socio-economic context: official language, religion,
5.
Legislation/policies addressing rights
6.
Health status of child
7.
Education
8.
Well-being and quality of life: human develop index
9.
Status of children with special needs
10.
summary
.
CHAPTER ONEIntroductionLearning Objectives• Be able to concept.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
CHAPTER ONEIntroduction
Learning Objectives
• Be able to conceptualize the “information explosion” and how it relates to the brain sciences.
• Be able to describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
• Be able to articulate the benefits of an integrative approach to psychopharmacology.
ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE READER
Some of you may begin this book with some anxiety because this is a new area for you. You may imagine that psychopharmacology is exclusively a “hard science,” and perhaps you don't think of yourself as a “hard science” kind of person. You may even feel uncertain about your ability to master basic psychopharmacological concepts. First, let us assure you one more time that our goal is to make this topic accessible to readers who are practicing as or studying to be mental health professionals, many of whom may not have a background in the physical or organic sciences. Second, we recommend to those teaching a course in psychopharmacology that, because of the rapid nature of change in the field, teaching styles that rely on memorization are of limited use in this area. We recommend helping students master basic concepts and then applying these concepts to cases. To facilitate that process, we supply cases and objectives/review questions for main sections of the book. Finally, we invite you students to join us in an incredible journey centering on the most complex organ known to humanity—the human mind and brain. We hope you can revel in the complexity of the brain and the sheer magnitude of its power. We hope you can resist the temptation to want simple and concrete answers to many of the questions this journey will raise. We also hope you learn to appreciate the ambiguous nature of “mind” and its relationship to the brain. As authors and researchers who have traveled this path before us will attest, there are no simple or even known answers to many of the questions that arise (Grilly & Salmone, 2011; Schatzberg & Nemeroff, 1998). We encourage a mixture of trying to comprehend the information while dwelling in the mystery that is the context for the information. Before moving on, we offer a mantra to help you implement this recommendation.
A MANTRA
Even though psychopharmacology is in its embryonic stage, it is a vast and complex topic. Several years ago I (Ingersoll) engaged in some multicultural counseling training with Paul Pederson. In that training, Dr. Pederson commented, “Culture is complex, and complexity is our friend.” We offer a paraphrase as a mantra for psychopharmacology students: “Reality is complex, and complexity is our friend.” We remind the reader of this mantra throughout the book. You might try saying it aloud right now: “Reality is complex, and complexity is our friend.” If you reach a passage in this book that is challenging for you or that arouses anxiety, stop, take a deep breath, and practice the mantra.
The primary audience for this book is mental health clinicians who may not have had much training in biology.
Chapter TenThe Federal JudiciaryBrian M. MurphyLearnin.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Chapter Ten
The Federal Judiciary
Brian M. Murphy
Learning Objectives
After covering the topic of the federal judiciary, students should
understand:
1. The relationship of state courts to the federal judiciary.
2. The jurisdiction of federal courts.
3. The structure of the federal judicial system.
4. The procedures of the U.S. Supreme Court.
5. The powers of the federal judiciary.
Abstract
The udicial y e i he i ed a e i a ed he d c ri e
federalism. Two court systems exist side-by-side, national and state, and
each has a distinct set of powers. State courts, for the most part, are
responsible for handling the legal issues that arise under their own laws. It
is primarily when a federal uestion is presented that the federal udicial
system can become in ol ed in a state court. therwise, state udiciaries
are generally autonomous even from one another. The Constitution
precisely outlines the types of cases that can be heard by federal courts,
yet it is almost impossible to force a federal court to hear a case that falls
under its urisdiction if the udge s wants to avoid it. The authority of
the U.S. Supreme Court has slowly grown over time, largely through the
power of udicial review. onetheless, federalism has managed to remain
a signi cant barrier against federal courts becoming too powerful. The
udicial system designed by the framers continues to survive and function
after 200 years.
Introduction
The federal judicial system is the least commonly known and least
understood branch of American government. In 2007, 78% could not
name the current Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court but 66% were
able to identify at least one of the judges on the T show American
Idol (Jamieson, 2007). Much of judicial work is conducted out of the
limelight and courts are not considered an important in uence in the daily
lives of people. It is clear the framers believed that the federal judicial
system would be the weakest of the three branches because, as Alexander
amilton wrote, it has no in uence over either the sword or the purse
(Hamilton, 1961, 465). In other words, courts cannot command an army
(or even police) to ensure that decisions are enforced or allocate money to
implement one of their rulings. Judges must depend on the other branches
in order to get anything done. According to an oft-repeated story, President
Andrew Jackson supposedly mocked a decision by Chief Justice John
Marshall with the words, John Marshall has made his decision, now let
him enforce it’’ (Schwartz, 1993, 94).
But times and the role of the federal judiciary have changed. One
scholar even concluded that the United States is now operating under a
government by judiciary’’ because the U.S. Supreme Court can revise
the Constitution by how it interprets the wording (Berger, 1997). As Chief
Justice Charles vans Hughes once uipped, e are under a Constitution,
but the Constitution is what the judges say it is’’ (Hughes, 1916, 185). .
Chapter 9 provides a discussion of the challenges of identifying ELL.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Chapter 9 provides a discussion of the challenges of identifying ELLs’ as having a learning disability or being gifted with their lower than grade-level proficiency in English. After reading Chapter 9, write a post that addresses the following questions:
What kinds of disabilities might an ELL have?
What are the challenges of determining whether an ELL has a learning ability or is gifted?
What kinds of interventions are used once an ELL has been identified as having a learning disability?
What kinds of interventions are used once an ELL is determined to be gifted?
If you were teaching a class with some ELLs in it, what signals would you look for in the behavior or they ELLs to determine whether they might need to be tested for learning disabilities or being gifted?
How might you adapt your curriculum for an ELL student with a learning disability or who is gifted?
.
Chapter 8 -- Crimes
1. Conduct that may be a misdemeanor in one state may be a felony in another state.
2. A required element for a crime is that the criminal party voluntarily commits the prohibited act (think “gun to head”).
3. A person cannot commit a crime if the person does not know that his or her conduct is criminal (think “Honduran bony fish or short lobster).
4. The Fourth Amendment prohibits ALL government searches of businesses.
5. Traditionally, extortion involves wrongful demands made by public officials.
6. A company cannot be found guilty of a crime that is committed by its agent.
7. If an employee wrongfully keeps money that was entrusted to the employee by his or employer, the employee has committed the crime of embezzlement.
8. Government officers do not need a search warrant in order to inspect property that is in "plain view".
9. The Constitution guarantees individuals the right to a speedy trial in criminal cases.
10. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act allows a person to thwart encryption devices that copy right holders place on copyrighted material if the person has purchased the copyrighted item in question.
Chapter 9 -- Torts
11. One wrongful act may be both a crime and a tort.
12. A person is not entitled to recover for EVERY injury or loss that is caused by another person.
13. In general, tort liability will not be imposed for an involuntary act even if the act harms another.
14. Under tort law, one owes a duty to society to conform his or her conduct to a required standard (think: does society sue the tortfeasor does the “somebody done me wrong” individual plaintiff sue the tortfeasor?).
15. The U.S. government cannot be sued for harm caused by the negligence of federal employees.
16. In some states, a plaintiff may recover for emotional distress that is negligently caused by another.
17. Companies can now make commercial use of the name or likeness of celebrities without first obtaining the celebrities permission to do so because most states do not recognize the tort of invasion of the right to publicity.
Chapter 10
18.
Patents are granted by state governments, not by the federal government.
19.
Trademarks may be protected for up to three years prior to the time that they are actually used.
20. A “term” acquires a secondary meaning when, through prolonged use, the public has come to associate that term with a particular product.
21. In general, mere ideas and concepts cannot be copyrighted or patented.
22.
A trade secret may be disclosed without losing its legal .
chapter 5 Making recommendations for I studied up to this .docxTawnaDelatorrejs
chapter 5
Making recommendations for I studied up to this point, what should now be study after I have written about what I found. All chapter 5 about chapter 4 what all things I discovered, what senses do they make to you what would you have study more if you have more time, what I think about , what I found
.
Chapter 4. Terris, Daniel. (2005) Ethics at Work Creating Virtue at.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Chapter 4. Terris, Daniel. (2005) Ethics at Work: Creating Virtue at an American Corporation. Brandeis University Press. Apply critical thinking skills
in evaluating Lockheed Martin's efforts.
1. What do you think about the notion presented by Terris that Lockheed's ethics program does little to prevent ethical breaches at the highest level of the organization?
2. Are the efforts put forth—such as making sure higher level executives participate in training—enough to help executives navigate what Terris calls the 'ethical minefield' faced by leadership in such an organization?
3. What are some things that could be done to address the issue related to ethics at higher executive levels of the organization?
4. Terris points out that the company's program is overly focused on individuals and that it doesn't really address group dynamics that can impact ethical situations. For instance, there can be a tendency for groups to ‘go with the flow’ of the group decision making process and overlook ethical issues in the process. What would you recommend that Lockheed Martin do to address this situation?
(Hint: reviewing p. 128 and the following pages – before section headed “Personal Responsibility, Collective Innocence” - of the text might be helpful).
Assignment Expectations: Write a 4- to 5-page paper, not including title page or references page addressing the issue.
Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12-point type size.
Your paper should have a separate cover page and a separate reference page. Make sure you cite your sources.
.
Chapter 41. Read in the text about Alexanders attempt to fuse Gre.docxTawnaDelatorrejs
Chapter 4
1. Read in the text about Alexander's attempt to fuse Greek and Eastern cultures (116-120 -see box Alexander meets an Indian King, 115). Then go to:
Alexander the Great
- a from a BBC documentary. The video will have to be opened in a new window.
Write a brief review after watching the documentary (You don't have to watch the entire hour). What does Wood have to say about the scope of Alexander the Great's accomplishments? Does watching a video set in the actual landscape of Macedonia and Turkey help understand the history of an ancient civilization? How?
2. Go to:
Building of the Parthenon
and
Optical 'tricks' at the Parthenon
to see the accomplishments of Greek architects and politicians. What is the connection between Athenian politics and the building of the Parthenon? What illusions were utlitzed by the architects and engineers to emphasize the grandeur of the Parthenon?
Chapter 5
Select TWO of the following questions and complete the links assignments: Remember to mention source material in your response.
(Select 3 for extra credit
1. Go to:
Roman Writers view their world
and choose 2 authors to write an essay on entertainments and past times of Roman citizens and how eyewitnesses wrote about their world. Who are they? What position did they hold in Roman society? Is this important to their view point?
2. Go to
Christian symbolism
and
Colors in religious art
and write about how a largely illiterate (slave and lower class Romans and client state residents) society could learn about this new "Christian" religion through art, symbolism and color. How would this help the conversion process?
3. Go to
Sights along the Silk Road
. Click on the interactive maps and visit several of the stops along the Silk Road. What did you find? Learn? Then go to :
Silk Road Project
. Click on "Music and Artists." Then "Listen to Music."
Click on a title for ex: "Arabian" to listen to sample of the music and instrument. Write on your findings.
You may have to update your "Flash" player to hear music
.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
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CASE 10The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
1. CASE 10
The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE
FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON
MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the
United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25
years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One
would expect any disease this widespread would receive
national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy
makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and
prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and
their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if
they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease
regularly and have straightforward conversations with those
who contracted the disease. The American public health and
medical systems would be geared toward treating and
preventing further spread of this disease.
Surprisingly, there is a disease that currently affects two thirds
of the U.S. population, yet has not received the expected
response. In 2009, 66.4% of the adult population in the United
States was overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25),i which
is more than twice the prevalence rate from 3 decades
before.1,2 Adults are not the only ones affected; childhood
obesity rates have also tripled in the last 30 years.3
Additionally, if the existing rates of increase continue, 86.3% of
U.S. adults will be overweight and 51.1% will be obese by
2030.4 These are staggering numbers for any health condition,
2. but especially one that is related to a multitude of chronic
diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol,
stroke, heart disease, certain cancers, and arthritis.5 Beyond the
individual health risks, overweight and obesity also contribute
to increased health costs, both nationally and for individuals.
For example, in 2008, medical spending attributable to obesity
was estimated to have been $147 billion, accounting for 9.1% of
annual medical spending.6
These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S.
healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of
Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity,
the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the
healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama
launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce
childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue
of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity
continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are
focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real
change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent
(STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer,
provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and
quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and
practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history
is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public
relations teams, public health researchers, business and labor
leaders, advocates, and the private sector can work together to
make important changes.
EARLY STAGES
In 2006, the France-based pharmaceutical company sanofi-
aventis issued a request for proposals for public relations firms
to help promote and improve coverage for an obesity drug in
their pipeline. Chandler Chicco Agency (CCA) responded,
pitching the idea of pulling together major health advocacy
3. organizations to form a coalition focused on the issue of
cardiometabolic risk. A key element of CCA’s proposal was to
create an administrative home for the coalition at an academic
institution, which would take the lead on generating policy
research related to cardiometabolic risk. After securing the
contract, the project lead at CCA, Allison May Rosen, identified
The George Washington University Department of Health Policy
(DHP) as a potential academic home for the coalition. CCA
approached DHP professor Christine Ferguson, JD, to become
program director, because of her unusual experience working in
both federal and state government.
CCA believed a partnership between a healthcare public
relations firm and an academic institution, such as The George
Washington University, would be ideal for both the creation and
maintenance of the coalition it envisioned. CCA and DHP
worked collaboratively to develop the idea. CCA brought public
relations expertise and knowledge of how to structure and orient
the coalition to get the attention of policy makers. CCA was
assisted by Mehlman Vogel Castagnetti Inc, a seasoned
government affairs firm in Washington, DC. On the other hand,
the team at DHP brought academic expertise and an
understanding of policy making in the public and private
sectors, as well as research and publishing capabilities
unavailable to CCA. The strong teamwork and equality between
CCA and DHP was exceptional—the groups used one another’s
skills and resources to create something stronger than either
could achieve individually.
Conversations between CCA and DHP initially focused on how
to develop the project to address public and private policy
makers’ needs, recruit member organizations, and achieve the
goals outlined for the project. Cognizant of the way policy
makers think about public health issues, Ferguson maintained
that while cardiometabolic risk was the accurate term to
describe the condition, the phrase would not resonate with
4. policy makers or the general public. Instead, she suggested
obesity was truly at the heart of the equation, and was a
significant public health problem that had long been ignored by
policy makers. After significant discussion, the group adopted
obesity and its comorbidities, such as diabetes and heart
disease, as the main focus for the coalition. They chose to name
the new group Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP)
Obesity Alliance. Surgeon General Dr. Richard Carmona was
recruited as the health and wellness chairman of the alliance to
provide high-level public health visibility to the alliance
leadership and steering committee members. Ferguson served as
the director. The next step was to recruit representatives of
influential health-focused organizations to serve as a steering
committee to help direct the work.
Recruiting the organizations from a cross-section of disciplines
to serve on the steering committee was a months-long process
that involved identifying the organizations, setting up initial
discussions, and securing official sign-offs for the organizations
to join the alliance. These conversations were important to
ensure the organizations understood and agreed with the overall
goals of the alliance. As seen in Figure 10-1, the resulting
steering committee was comprised of medical, patient,
government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-
care organizations dedicated to changing the way policy makers
think about and approach obesity. The steering committee drew
members from diverse groups with an interest in obesity,
including the American Diabetes Association, the American
Heart Association, America’s Health Insurance Plans, the
American Medical Group Association, the Canyon Ranch
Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s
Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, DMAA:
The Care Continuum Alliance, the National Business Group on
Health, the National Committee for Quality Assurance, the
National Quality Forum, the Service Employees International
Union, and Trust for America’s Health.
5. Question 1 The steering committee organizations represented
groups from across the policy spectrum. What views did the
various steering committee organizations bring to the alliance,
and can you identify any possible conflicts between the
organizations?
ESTABLISHING THE STOP OBESITY ALLIANCE
The first steering committee meeting was held in July 2007.
Representatives from each of the steering committee
organizations came to a daylong meeting to discuss the state of
obesity efforts and barriers to addressing obesity. Unexpectedly,
many of the steering committee representatives shared stories of
their personal struggles with weight.
At the meeting, DHP researchers presented data from existing
obesity research, focusing on three major barriers they
identified. First, patients, physicians and even weight loss
researchers often used unrealistic definitions for successful
weight loss based more on physical appearance than health. In
1998, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute issued
guidelines recommending obese individuals attempt to lose 10%
of body weight over a 6-month period and then evaluate whether
additional weight loss was needed.7 The alliance referred to
medical research, which showed many health benefits of weight
loss can be achieved after a sustained 5–10% weight loss.ii,8
Despite these results, a group of The George Washington
University researchers found evidence suggesting many patients
would consider this amount of weight loss a failure.9,10
FIGURE 10-1 STOP Obesity Alliance steering committee
members (as of July 2010).
6. Source: Courtesy of STOP Obesity Alliance.
The second major barrier was that although medical
interventions for obesity exist, there is a widespread perception
that weight loss treatments do not work.11 In addition, some
view medical treatments for obesity, especially bariatric
surgery, as an easy way out. This attitude prevents people from
seeking and receiving appropriate medical interventions.
Finally, stigma toward the obese was an overwhelming driver in
the way the public and policy makers thought about the problem
of obesity.12 Most saw obesity as rooted in a failure of
willpower and personal responsibility. The belief was that
because the obese had brought the condition upon themselves,
they did not deserve to receive treatment, and especially
insurance coverage, for their obesity. In the meeting, steering
committee representatives talked about how they saw these
barriers reflected in their own areas of expertise and brain-
stormed ways their organizations, both individually and as part
of the alliance, could work to overcome the barriers.
Out of these discussions, the steering committee came to
agreement on the following principles to guide the work of the
new alliance:
1. Redefine success to be based on health rather than physical
appearances
2. Encourage innovation and best practices in obesity
prevention and treatment
3. Address and reduce stigma as a barrier to treatment
4. Broaden the research agenda on obesity
The alliance issued these principles publicly in 2008 as policy
recommendations and have since used the principles to direct
7. the actions of the alliance.
Question 2 While these recommendations were created
specifically for obesity policy, they are also applicable to other
diseases and health conditions. What other diseases might
warrant similar recommendations? Are some of the
recommendations more transferable than others? Which ones?
Question 3 What is the role of stigma in other conditions? Think
of examples (HIV, mental health, tobacco).
Question 4 Do you think people who feel they have a
connection to obesity—either personally or in their families—
are more likely to be interested in the issue and accept its
complexities?
ACTING AS AN ALLIANCE
The cornerstone idea in the founding of the alliance was the
creation of a coalition that would operate through consensus.
While the CCA-DHP team managed the daily activities of the
alliance, the steering committee met monthly and was integrally
involved with all the alliance’s work, including helping direct
the research agenda, providing expert advice, and supporting
alliance initiatives. Beyond this guiding role, steering
committee members also reviewed and agreed to all publications
issued under the alliance’s name. Achieving consensus among
steering committee members took time but ensured the work of
the alliance represented all members and did not create conflicts
for any individual organization. This consensus approach
strengthened the message of the alliance from the beginning.
Any policy recommendation from the alliance was backed by its
diverse membership body, many of whom found themselves on
opposite sides of policy debates. While this variety was a
significant asset for the alliance, it also forced the alliance to
remain neutral on issues where consensus could not be reached.
8. Question 5 The alliance specifically chose a consensus
governance model for its strengths, but there are weaknesses.
What are the strengths and weaknesses? What other public
health problems could benefit from the alliance’s model?
ACTIVITIES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ALLIANCE
From the beginning, the alliance mainly targeted its work
towards policy makers in both the private and public sectors. In
order to reach this specific audience, the alliance conducted a
range of research and activities about obesity. One of the key
functions of the alliance was to bring together policy makers
and influential stakeholders to discuss and brainstorm
innovative solutions to obesity prevention and treatment. The
alliance was not an advocacy organization, but instead used
education and research to provide policy makers with tools to
create effective approaches toward obesity and its related
conditions.
During the first 3 years, the alliance hosted numerous
roundtables and discussions on various topics, such as primary
care, body image in the media, and the impact of obesity on
women, to highlight current research and innovative practices.
The diversity of research topics and activities of the alliance
represented its broad membership base and message. The
alliance continually stressed that all decisions must be based on
the existing obesity research and evidence and worked to bring
this information to policy makers. In addition, the alliance
engaged in its own primary research activities in order to
expand the evidence available to decision makers.
Highlights from the Alliance’s Research and Activities
To advance its goals, the alliance engaged in a number of key
research, communication, and advocacy activities.
9. • Obesity GPS (Guide for Program and Policy
Solution
s): The alliance created a navigation tool to guide the
development and assessment of policies aimed at addressing
overweight and obesity. The Obesity GPS offers questions to
consider when designing legislative or private sector initiatives
focused on health, research, and clinical issues. The tool is
intended to help policy makers create programs that reflect the
four policy principles of the alliance. The tool was publicly
released at an event at the U.S. Capitol in December 2008.
• Health Decision Makers Survey: The alliance commissioned a
survey on employer and employee attitudes toward obesity. The
results were published in the January/February 2009 issue of
Health Affairs. The article was one of the 20 most viewed
articles on the journal’s website in 2009, indicating growing
interest in obesity.
• STOP Obesity Alliance E-Newsletter: The monthly newsletter
provided commentary and news on alliance and member
activities. In addition to the website, the newsletter was the
primary way for people outside of the alliance to receive
10. information about alliance updates. As of mid-2010, the
newsletter had over 2,000 subscribers, including members of
Congress and staff, federal agency representatives, healthcare
advocacy groups, physicians, and academics.
• Has America Reached Its Tipping Point on Obesity? Forum:
Although alliance member organizations were on opposite sides
of many issues within the national health reform debate, in
September 2009, the alliance reached consensus on four
recommendations that should be included to address obesity
within health reform. These four recommendations were: (1)
standardized and effective clinical interventions; (2) enhanced
use of clinical preventive services; (3) effective, evidence -based
community programs and policies; and (4) coordinated research
efforts. At the forum to release the recommendations, former
Surgeons General Dr. David Satcher and Dr. Richard Carmona
spoke about the urgent need to address obesity. The event and
simultaneous webcast were attended by over 100 policy makers
and health advocates. The release garnered significant media
attention, including ranking as the No. 1 most e-mailed story on
Yahoo! News.
• Improving Obesity Management in Primary Care Roundtable
and Paper: Recognizing the significant role primary care
physicians could play in addressing obesity, the alliance
11. convened a roundtable of physicians and stakeholders in August
2009 to discuss strategies for improving the prevention and
treatment of obesity in primary care. The DHP research team
translated the key ideas from the roundtable into a white paper,
Improving Obesity Management in Primary Care. The paper was
released in March 2010 along with preliminary results from a
Harris Interactive survey commissioned by the alliance on
primary care physician and patient attitudes toward obesity.
• Weighty Matters: Working in partnership with the National
Eating Disorders Association, the alliance convened an expert
media panel in April 2010 on the depiction of weight issues in
the media. The panel emphasized the impact of media on body
image, the importance of portraying realistic images and weight
loss stories, and the need to focus on health rather than
appearance. This unprecedented collaboration was attended by
nearly 100 attendees and attracted high-level media interest.
• Task Force on Women: In 2010, the alliance created a task
force on women to call attention to the significant and
disproportionate impact obesity has on women’s health.
Comprised of 18 advocacy and research organizations, the task
force identified the following four ways in which women are
uniquely affected by obesity: (1) physiological, psychological,
cultural, and socioeconomic factors; (2) pervasive racial and
12. ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence and health outcomes; (3)
systemic, gender-based biases portrayed in the media and
encountered in educational, workplace, social, and healthcare
environments; and (4) the role of women as caretakers for their
families.
Question 6 These activities showcase the broad range of
research topics and event types that the alliance engaged in
during the first 3 years. Which do you think was the most
effective based on the goals of the alliance? How might these
activities differ if the alliance was targeted at the public instead
of policy makers?
MEASURING THE IMPACT
Expanding the Alliance: Associate and Government Liaison
Members
Since its founding, the alliance grew immensely; each year,
more groups expressed interest in partnering with the alliance or
becoming involved with its work. As a way to broaden its reach
by engaging additional groups while thoughtfully managing
growth, the alliance created an associate member category.
Associate members are organizations that partner with the
alliance, but do not serve on the steering committee. As of mid-
13. 2010, there were over 30 associate members. Because of the
significant racial and ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence,
one focus area for associate membership has been groups with
ties to minority communities, including the Black Women’s
Health Imperative, the National Hispanic Medical Association,
and the National Indian Health Board.
Alliance leadership also saw the need for another membership
category that reflected the unique position of government
agencies. Called government liaison members, these members
participate in steering committee meetings but do not comment
on or endorse certain alliance activities, such as commenting on
obesity-related legislation.
Question 7 Why were these new membership categories needed?
What did the associate and government liaison members bring
to the alliance?
Forming Strategic Partnerships
In addition, the alliance partnered with or supported many
obesity-related initiatives, including:
• Virgin HealthMiles’ National Employee Wellness Month, 2009
and 2010
14. • Obesity policy forum at the Obesity Society annual scientific
meetings in 2009 and 2010
• World Health Congress 2009 and 2010 obesity congresses
Media Attention
Beyond growth of the group, the alliance gained national media
coverage for its research and sponsored events. For example,
the release of the alliance’s policy paper, Has America Reached
Its Tipping Point?, based on the steering committee consensus-
driven recommendations for health reform legislation, received
significant attention, including an op-ed piece by former
Surgeons General Satcher and Carmona in The Atlanta Journal
Constitution. An article on the recommendations and the event
also became the most e-mailed news story on Yahoo! News.
Similarly, the release of primary care survey research by the
alliance garnered coverage in national news media, including
The New York Times, USA Today, and The Washington Post.
As obesity gained more prominence nationally, federal policy
makers included suggestions supporting the alliance’s
recommendations, shifting the use of some of the work of the
alliance. In 2009, the Government Accountability Office
15. recommended the federal government provide guidance to states
for the coverage of obesity-related services, such as screening
and counseling, for children enrolled in Medicaid, as well as
consider similar guidance for coverage of Medicaid-enrolled
adults.13 Additionally, federal health reform efforts began with
little support or mention of obesity, but the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act passed on March 23, 2010, included
many obesity-specific provisions, which supported alliance
recommendations.
These successes demonstrated the strength of the alliance’s
research. Many of the alliance’s continued achievements can be
attributed to the strong partnership between CCA and DHP.
Since the inception of the alliance, CCA and DHP worked as
equal partners in the day-to-day maintenance of the group. Both
groups participated in all planning, messaging, and research, but
brought their own expertise to each decision. Loosely, CCA
handled the logistical planning and messaging for the alliance;
specifically, it managed press contacts, organized events, and
monitored the media presence of the alliance. Conversely, DHP
was the research arm of the team. DHP staff monitored research
on obesity, both in policy and clinically, and engaged in and
analyzed primary research. DHP brought quick and responsive
research capabilities to the alliance, but also added an academic
legitimacy. Despite these dual roles, all projects involved the
16. efforts of both CCA and DHP staff. This close working
relationship between CCA and DHP helped ensure that the work
of the alliance was communicated clearly and effectively.
Question 8 Both CCA and DHP played important roles in the
creation and maintenance of the alliance. Why were both roles
necessary and how might the alliance have differed without one
or the other?
EPILOGUE
When reflecting on the events that have occurred since the
founding of the alliance, the leadership of the alliance identified
the beginning of three fundamental shifts in the way policy
makers and the public think about obesity. First, the
conversation about obesity has shifted from portraying obesity
as mainly an appearance issue to acknowledging its serious
health consequences. Beyond the impact on health, the
increasing recognition of the impact of chronic diseases on the
U.S. health system has also raised the profile of obesity.
Second, policy makers and the public began to realize that
fighting obesity is not just about personal responsibility—it’s
about creating a society where good personal choices are
possible. These trends were reflected in alliance decision-maker
surveys, in which many employers and primary care physicians
17. agreed that they have a role to play in addressing obesity. Third,
many started to recognize that beating obesity goes beyond
simply losing weight; in fact, sustaining the weight loss may be
the hardest part. This recognition is especially relevant when
promoting the creation of healthy communities that support
individual success for weight loss.
As obesity begins to gain more traction as a prominent health
issue, the alliance hopes to help bridge the gap between the
public health and health services communities. Rather than
viewing obesity as a problem requiring a single approach or
having a silver bullet solution, the alliance believes policy
makers should focus on creating environments that support
healthy choices that are easy to make, while also providing
access to medical treatment for obesity.
In the future, the alliance hopes to expand its influence into
state health policy by identifying barriers policy makers face
when trying to address obesity at the state level. Many
important public health decisions are made at the state level, so
making sure policy makers understand the complexities of
obesity is essential. Additionally, with the passage of the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, there is increased
emphasis on the prevention and treatment of obesity and other
chronic diseases. Alliance leadership hopes that as the federal
18. government implements the health reform law, it will use the
research findings and recommendations of the alliance to
further create communities and solutions that support healthy
choices for obesity prevention and treatment.