The FDA’s Role in Public Health
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Public health is generally defined as the health of the population as a whole. The World Health Organization gives a more detailed definition as “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society”. Government agencies are part of those organized efforts, including the FDA...
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CASE 10
The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25 years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One would expect any disease this widespread would receive national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease regularly and have straightforward conversations with those who contracted the disease. The American public health and medical systems would be geared toward treating and preventing further spread of this disease.
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These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S. healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity, the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public relations te ...
CASE 10The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
CASE 10
The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25 years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One would expect any disease this widespread would receive national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease regularly and have straightforward conversations with those who contracted the disease. The American public health and medical systems would be geared toward treating and preventing further spread of this disease.
Surprisingly, there is a disease that currently affects two thirds of the U.S. population, yet has not received the expected response. In 2009, 66.4% of the adult population in the United States was overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25),i which is more than twice the prevalence rate from 3 decades before.1,2 Adults are not the only ones affected; childhood obesity rates have also tripled in the last 30 years.3 Additionally, if the existing rates of increase continue, 86.3% of U.S. adults will be overweight and 51.1% will be obese by 2030.4 These are staggering numbers for any health condition, but especially one that is related to a multitude of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, certain cancers, and arthritis.5 Beyond the individual health risks, overweight and obesity also contribute to increased health costs, both nationally and for individuals. For example, in 2008, medical spending attributable to obesity was estimated to have been $147 billion, accounting for 9.1% of annual medical spending.6
These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S. healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity, the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public relations te ...
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This paper will discuss the four key ideas discussed at the Colloquium that will have important ramifications as healthcare organizations seek to implement population health strategies:
1. understanding and alleviating Patient fear is Key to Patient experience
2. the Case for a new Population Health Protection agenda as a means to drive down Healthcare Costs
3. using data and technology to improve Healthcare for older adults
4. engage Consumers in Wellness-based Population Health and thrive financially
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CHAPTER 1History of the U.S. Healthcare SystemLEARNING OBJECTI.docx
CHAPTER 1
History of the U.S. Healthcare System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
■ Describe five milestones of medicine and medical education and their importance to health care.
■ Discuss five milestones of the hospital system and their importance to health care.
■ Identify five milestones of public health and their importance to health care.
■ Describe five milestones of health insurance and their importance to health care.
■ Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
■ Explain the concept of the iron triangle as it applies to health care.
DID YOU KNOW THAT?
■ When the practice of medicine first began, tradesmen such as barbers practiced medicine. They often used the same razor to cut hair as to perform surgery.
■ In 2014, the United States spent 17.5% of the gross domestic product on healthcare spending, which is the highest in the world.
■ As a result of the Affordable Care Act, the number of uninsured is projected to decline to 23 million by 2023.
■ The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services predicts national health expenditures will account for over 19% of the U.S. gross domestic product.
■ The United States is the only major country that does not have universal healthcare coverage.
■ In 2002, the Joint Commission issued hospital standards requiring them to inform their patients if their results were not consistent with typical care results.
▶ Introduction
It is important as a healthcare consumer to understand the history of the U.S. healthcare delivery system, how it operates today, who participates in the system, what legal and ethical issues arise as a result of the system, and what problems continue to plague the healthcare system. We are all consumers of health care. Yet, in many instances, we are ignorant of what we are actually purchasing. If we were going to spend $1,000 on an appliance or a flat-screen television, many of us would research the product to determine if what we are purchasing is the best product for us. This same concept should be applied to purchasing healthcare services.
Increasing healthcare consumer awareness will protect you in both the personal and professional aspects of your life. You may decide to pursue a career in health care either as a provider or as an administrator. You may also decide to manage a business where you will have the responsibility of providing health care to your employees. And last, from a personal standpoint, you should have the knowledge from a consumer point of view so you can make informed decisions about what matters most—your health. The federal government agrees with this philosophy.
As the U.S. population’s life expectancy continues to lengthen—increasing the “graying” of the population—the United States will be confronted with more chronic health issues because, as we age, more chronic health conditions develop. The U.S. healthcare system is one of the most expensive systems in the world. According to 2014 statistics, the ...
Introduction 10 points Generally define & describe the polic.docx
Introduction
10 points
Generally define & describe the policy issue to be addressed. Identify the purpose of analysis, the targeted level of policy (i.e., clinical practice, health care systems, or public/social health) & significance of topic. Identify questions the policy analysis is intended to address.
Background
10 points
Provide details of the issue or problem, including its nature/scope, relevant literature & history, & the context within which the issue exists. Describe existing policy addressing the issue, if any. Discuss strengths & shortcomings in existing policy. Identify & describe key stakeholders (individuals & groups) that are or will be affected by the policy & why.
Analysis
15 points
Identify alternative policies to achieve objectives. Establish/identify criteria that will be used for selection of “best” policy. Evaluate each alternative & its potential impact relative to the healthcare & patient outcomes. Assess the trade-offs between alternatives.
Recommendations
15 points
Based on the analysis, identify the “best” alternative to address the current issue & policy situation. Provide rationale for selection. Describe possible strategies to implement selected alternative. Identify barriers to implementation of selected alternative. Describe methods to evaluate policy implementation.
Discussion
20 points
Discuss analysis & recommendations relative to the original questions identified, & the level of policy it is intended to address (i.e., clinical practice, health care systems, or public). Identify limitations of analysis. Discuss implications for practice, education, research, & policy-making.
Conclusion
15 points
Summarize findings & recommendations of analysis Identify questions to be addressed in future studies or policy analyses.
References
5 points
List all references cited in paper. Must be completed in APA format.
Appendices
10 points
Table displaying results of analysis, including, for example, a list of alternatives & the degree to which each alternative may be most effective. Other tables & appendices as needed to support analysis.
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FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
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Food and Drug Regulation in the USA
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University Name
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nable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018–2030, which represents the commitment
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business from previous engagements, established areas of action that reinforce and
complement the recommendations of the Alma-Ata Declaration. These include stren-
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Running head FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA 1FOOD A.docx
Running head: FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
1
FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
15
Food and Drug Regulation in the USA
Sample Policy Analysis Paper
University Name
Introduction
Every day across the United States, people purchase foods, groceries, eat out and prepare their families’ meals. It is expected that all food is safe, and the role of the FDA is to ensure food safety. The FDA has the authorization of ensuring the safety of the immeasurable range of foods eaten by the Americans, which is about 80% of all the foods that are sold in the Country. The food includes everything except the processed egg products, poultry, and meat that are controlled by the Department of Agriculture in the US. The FDA was given the mandate of developing an integrated and comprehensive FDA Food Protection Plan (Thomas, 2014). The plan was to make sure that the safety supply of the nation’s food from deliberate and unintended contamination. Inspired by the science and the modern technology, the Food Protection Plan aim is to identify the likely hazards and deal with them before they can harm human health. The center of such a progressive effort is the augmented focus on hazard prevention. The Food Protection Plan was developed to create safety measures that address the risks in the entire life cycle of a product, from the time a product is produced to its distribution and consumption. The plan directs the efforts of FDA on the prevention of problems and then applies interventions that are risk-based to make sure that the preventive approaches used are successful (Thomas, 2014). The plan requires a fast response as soon as there is a detection of contaminated food or products or when people or animals are harmed. The policy is a public/social health policy. The purpose analysis of the Food Protection Plan policy is to establish if the plan is effective in accomplishing preventing the problem of food poisoning. The analysis intends to answer the questions of the effectiveness of the policy in the prevention of food poisoning.
Background
Changing demographics and consumption trends
The changing consumption and demographics have raised the susceptibility of consumers to food poisoning. It was approximated that 20% of the American people were 60 years or more (Halabi, 2015). The older people are usually at a higher risk of foodborne diseases. It thus indicates that due to changing demographics the number of susceptible consumers has increased and the factors of convenience mean that small problems can result in great outbreaks. Consequently, there is a need for changes to ensure a high degree of food protection.
Convenience trends
More Americans are now consumers of convenience foods. Foods that are prepared away from home are likely to be cross contaminated from the other foods and contaminated by the food workers (Halabi, 2015). With more Americans eating ready food, it means that vulnerability to foodborne diseases has increased.
The consump ...
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CASE 10
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ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25 years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One would expect any disease this widespread would receive national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease regularly and have straightforward conversations with those who contracted the disease. The American public health and medical systems would be geared toward treating and preventing further spread of this disease.
Surprisingly, there is a disease that currently affects two thirds of the U.S. population, yet has not received the expected response. In 2009, 66.4% of the adult population in the United States was overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25),i which is more than twice the prevalence rate from 3 decades before.1,2 Adults are not the only ones affected; childhood obesity rates have also tripled in the last 30 years.3 Additionally, if the existing rates of increase continue, 86.3% of U.S. adults will be overweight and 51.1% will be obese by 2030.4 These are staggering numbers for any health condition, but especially one that is related to a multitude of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, certain cancers, and arthritis.5 Beyond the individual health risks, overweight and obesity also contribute to increased health costs, both nationally and for individuals. For example, in 2008, medical spending attributable to obesity was estimated to have been $147 billion, accounting for 9.1% of annual medical spending.6
These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S. healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity, the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public relations te ...
CASE 10The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
CASE 10
The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent Obesity Alliance
ERICA BREESE, CASEY LANGWITH, CHRISTINE FERGUSON, GINAMARIE MANGIARACINA, AND ALLISON MAY ROSEN
A WEIGHTY ISSUE
Imagine a disease that affected two thirds of adults in the United States, with a prevalence that had doubled in the last 25 years and showed no sign of stopping its upward trend. One would expect any disease this widespread would receive national attention both in the media and policy arena. Policy makers would demand insurance coverage for treatment and prevention. The public would actively protect themselves and their families from contracting the disease or seek treatment if they contracted it. Physicians would screen for the disease regularly and have straightforward conversations with those who contracted the disease. The American public health and medical systems would be geared toward treating and preventing further spread of this disease.
Surprisingly, there is a disease that currently affects two thirds of the U.S. population, yet has not received the expected response. In 2009, 66.4% of the adult population in the United States was overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25),i which is more than twice the prevalence rate from 3 decades before.1,2 Adults are not the only ones affected; childhood obesity rates have also tripled in the last 30 years.3 Additionally, if the existing rates of increase continue, 86.3% of U.S. adults will be overweight and 51.1% will be obese by 2030.4 These are staggering numbers for any health condition, but especially one that is related to a multitude of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, stroke, heart disease, certain cancers, and arthritis.5 Beyond the individual health risks, overweight and obesity also contribute to increased health costs, both nationally and for individuals. For example, in 2008, medical spending attributable to obesity was estimated to have been $147 billion, accounting for 9.1% of annual medical spending.6
These statistics show obesity plays a major role in the U.S. healthcare system and affects the lives of millions of Americans. However, despite the extreme prevalence of obesity, the disease often does not receive adequate attention in the healthcare community. In 2010, First Lady Michelle Obama launched her Let’s Move campaign, which aims to reduce childhood obesity within a generation, helping to bring the issue of childhood obesity to the forefront. In contrast, adult obesity continues to garner little interest. Some groups, however, are focusing on this often overlooked area because they believe real change can be made. The Strategies to Overcome and Prevent (STOP) Obesity Alliance is a collaboration of consumer, provider, government, labor, business, health insurance, and quality-of-care organizations united to drive innovative and practical strategies that combat obesity. The alliance’s history is unique, demonstrating how partnerships among public relations te ...
2016 16th population health colloquium: summary of proceedings
This paper will discuss the four key ideas discussed at the Colloquium that will have important ramifications as healthcare organizations seek to implement population health strategies:
1. understanding and alleviating Patient fear is Key to Patient experience
2. the Case for a new Population Health Protection agenda as a means to drive down Healthcare Costs
3. using data and technology to improve Healthcare for older adults
4. engage Consumers in Wellness-based Population Health and thrive financially
Afternoon Session A Consultation on Patented Medicine Prices Review Board & B...
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CHAPTER 1History of the U.S. Healthcare SystemLEARNING OBJECTI.docx
CHAPTER 1
History of the U.S. Healthcare System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
■ Describe five milestones of medicine and medical education and their importance to health care.
■ Discuss five milestones of the hospital system and their importance to health care.
■ Identify five milestones of public health and their importance to health care.
■ Describe five milestones of health insurance and their importance to health care.
■ Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
■ Explain the concept of the iron triangle as it applies to health care.
DID YOU KNOW THAT?
■ When the practice of medicine first began, tradesmen such as barbers practiced medicine. They often used the same razor to cut hair as to perform surgery.
■ In 2014, the United States spent 17.5% of the gross domestic product on healthcare spending, which is the highest in the world.
■ As a result of the Affordable Care Act, the number of uninsured is projected to decline to 23 million by 2023.
■ The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services predicts national health expenditures will account for over 19% of the U.S. gross domestic product.
■ The United States is the only major country that does not have universal healthcare coverage.
■ In 2002, the Joint Commission issued hospital standards requiring them to inform their patients if their results were not consistent with typical care results.
▶ Introduction
It is important as a healthcare consumer to understand the history of the U.S. healthcare delivery system, how it operates today, who participates in the system, what legal and ethical issues arise as a result of the system, and what problems continue to plague the healthcare system. We are all consumers of health care. Yet, in many instances, we are ignorant of what we are actually purchasing. If we were going to spend $1,000 on an appliance or a flat-screen television, many of us would research the product to determine if what we are purchasing is the best product for us. This same concept should be applied to purchasing healthcare services.
Increasing healthcare consumer awareness will protect you in both the personal and professional aspects of your life. You may decide to pursue a career in health care either as a provider or as an administrator. You may also decide to manage a business where you will have the responsibility of providing health care to your employees. And last, from a personal standpoint, you should have the knowledge from a consumer point of view so you can make informed decisions about what matters most—your health. The federal government agrees with this philosophy.
As the U.S. population’s life expectancy continues to lengthen—increasing the “graying” of the population—the United States will be confronted with more chronic health issues because, as we age, more chronic health conditions develop. The U.S. healthcare system is one of the most expensive systems in the world. According to 2014 statistics, the ...
Introduction 10 points Generally define & describe the polic.docx
Introduction
10 points
Generally define & describe the policy issue to be addressed. Identify the purpose of analysis, the targeted level of policy (i.e., clinical practice, health care systems, or public/social health) & significance of topic. Identify questions the policy analysis is intended to address.
Background
10 points
Provide details of the issue or problem, including its nature/scope, relevant literature & history, & the context within which the issue exists. Describe existing policy addressing the issue, if any. Discuss strengths & shortcomings in existing policy. Identify & describe key stakeholders (individuals & groups) that are or will be affected by the policy & why.
Analysis
15 points
Identify alternative policies to achieve objectives. Establish/identify criteria that will be used for selection of “best” policy. Evaluate each alternative & its potential impact relative to the healthcare & patient outcomes. Assess the trade-offs between alternatives.
Recommendations
15 points
Based on the analysis, identify the “best” alternative to address the current issue & policy situation. Provide rationale for selection. Describe possible strategies to implement selected alternative. Identify barriers to implementation of selected alternative. Describe methods to evaluate policy implementation.
Discussion
20 points
Discuss analysis & recommendations relative to the original questions identified, & the level of policy it is intended to address (i.e., clinical practice, health care systems, or public). Identify limitations of analysis. Discuss implications for practice, education, research, & policy-making.
Conclusion
15 points
Summarize findings & recommendations of analysis Identify questions to be addressed in future studies or policy analyses.
References
5 points
List all references cited in paper. Must be completed in APA format.
Appendices
10 points
Table displaying results of analysis, including, for example, a list of alternatives & the degree to which each alternative may be most effective. Other tables & appendices as needed to support analysis.
Running head: FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
1
FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
17
Food and Drug Regulation in the USA
Sample Policy Analysis Paper
University Name
Introduction
Every day across the United States, people purchase foods, groceries, eat out and prepare their families’ meals. It is expected that all food is safe, and the role of the FDA is to ensure food safety. The FDA has the authorization of ensuring the safety of the immeasurable range of foods eaten by the Americans, which is about 80% of all the foods that are sold in the Country. The food includes everything except the processed egg products, poultry, and meat that are controlled by the Department of Agriculture in the US. The FDA was given the mandate of developing an integrated and comprehensive FDA Food Protection Pla ...
Protecting Public Health during COVID-19
As we face the most challenging public health crises of our lifetimes, celebrating and thanking all those who serve public health each day is more important than ever. The American Public Health Association celebrates the week of April 5th- April 11th as National Public Health Week. The American Public Health Association celebrates this week to bring communities together and recognize the contributions of frontline workers to improving the nation’s public health...
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical
Forty years ago, the Region of the Americas played a critical role in the develop-
ment and negotiation of the Alma-Ata Declaration, which identified primary health
care as a central strategy to the goal of health for all and a comprehensive approach to
the organization of health systems. Since then, the values and principles of primary
health care, which include the right to health, equity, solidarity, social justice and par-
ticipation, and multisectoral action, among others, have formed the basis of many
PAHO mandates and have guided health systems transformation in the Region. The
positive impact of primary health care on the reduction of mortality, morbidity, and
inequities in health is well known. (1) What’s more, primary health care consumes less
financial resources than curative approaches and promotes a chain of positive results
from improved health to increased economic output, growth and productivity. (2)
In 2007, PAHO’s position paper on Renewing Primary Health Care in the Americas
included the definition of elements and functions of a primary healthcare-based
health system with the intention of providing guidance to countries as they worked
to transform their systems. (3) In 2014, the 53rd PAHO Directing Council’s resolution
on Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage (4) recognized the
values and principles of Alma-Ata. The resolution urged PAHO Member States to
promote intersectoral action to address social determinants of health and move
toward health systems where all people and communities have access, without any
discrimination, to comprehensive, appropriate and timely, quality health services, as
well as access to safe, effective, and affordable quality medicines, while ensuring that
the use of such services does not expose users to financial difficulties. (4) The Sustai-
nable Health Agenda for the Americas 2018–2030, which represents the commitment
of Member States to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and unfinished
business from previous engagements, established areas of action that reinforce and
complement the recommendations of the Alma-Ata Declaration. These include stren-
gthening the national health authority; tackling health determinants; increasing so-
cial protection and access to quality health services; diminishing health inequalities
among countries and inequities within them; reducing the risk and burden of disease;
strengthening the management and development of health workers; harnessing
knowledge, science, and technology; and strengthening health security. (5)
In the Region, the lessons that have been learned about the primary health care
approach since Alma-Ata have been overwhelmingly positive. We have seen that
countries that have implemented policies and programs based on primary health
care have registered the lowest levels of infant and maternal mortality. Other achie-
vements include improvement in public spending, increase in primary care s ...
Running head FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA 1FOOD A.docx
Running head: FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
1
FOOD AND DRUG REGULATION IN USA
15
Food and Drug Regulation in the USA
Sample Policy Analysis Paper
University Name
Introduction
Every day across the United States, people purchase foods, groceries, eat out and prepare their families’ meals. It is expected that all food is safe, and the role of the FDA is to ensure food safety. The FDA has the authorization of ensuring the safety of the immeasurable range of foods eaten by the Americans, which is about 80% of all the foods that are sold in the Country. The food includes everything except the processed egg products, poultry, and meat that are controlled by the Department of Agriculture in the US. The FDA was given the mandate of developing an integrated and comprehensive FDA Food Protection Plan (Thomas, 2014). The plan was to make sure that the safety supply of the nation’s food from deliberate and unintended contamination. Inspired by the science and the modern technology, the Food Protection Plan aim is to identify the likely hazards and deal with them before they can harm human health. The center of such a progressive effort is the augmented focus on hazard prevention. The Food Protection Plan was developed to create safety measures that address the risks in the entire life cycle of a product, from the time a product is produced to its distribution and consumption. The plan directs the efforts of FDA on the prevention of problems and then applies interventions that are risk-based to make sure that the preventive approaches used are successful (Thomas, 2014). The plan requires a fast response as soon as there is a detection of contaminated food or products or when people or animals are harmed. The policy is a public/social health policy. The purpose analysis of the Food Protection Plan policy is to establish if the plan is effective in accomplishing preventing the problem of food poisoning. The analysis intends to answer the questions of the effectiveness of the policy in the prevention of food poisoning.
Background
Changing demographics and consumption trends
The changing consumption and demographics have raised the susceptibility of consumers to food poisoning. It was approximated that 20% of the American people were 60 years or more (Halabi, 2015). The older people are usually at a higher risk of foodborne diseases. It thus indicates that due to changing demographics the number of susceptible consumers has increased and the factors of convenience mean that small problems can result in great outbreaks. Consequently, there is a need for changes to ensure a high degree of food protection.
Convenience trends
More Americans are now consumers of convenience foods. Foods that are prepared away from home are likely to be cross contaminated from the other foods and contaminated by the food workers (Halabi, 2015). With more Americans eating ready food, it means that vulnerability to foodborne diseases has increased.
The consump ...
FDA’s Office of Women’s Health
In today’s day and age, women’s health is more important than ever. There are several international health initiatives directed at providing resources and improving the overall health of women globally. In alignment with that, the FDA also has its own established Office of Women’s Health (OWH). The OWH was established in 1994 with the main mission to serve as the principal adviser to the FDA Commissioner on “scientific, ethical, and policy issues related to women’s health”...
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- 1. The FDA’s Role in Public Health By: Madison Wheeler Public health is generally defined as the health of the population as a whole. The World Health Organization gives a more detailed definition as “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts of society”.1 Government agencies are part of those organized efforts, including the FDA. The FDA is an agency within the Department of Health and HumanServices (DHHS) that is responsible for over $2 trillion in medical products, food, and other consumer goods.2 Aside from being responsible for implementing and enforcing regulations that ensure consumer goods are safe and effective for use, the FDA also has various programs that promote public health. One of these crucial programs is the Expanded Access program, also knownas the Compassionate Use program. This program provides a potential path for a patient with an immediately life-threatening condition to gain access to an investigational drug, biologic, or medical device that could help save their life.3 In addition to consumer programs, the FDA also promotes public health by facilitating the development of safe and effective medical countermeasures, such as vaccines.4 Vaccines are obviously a hot topic at this moment due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Thanks to the FDA’s efforts, in addition to the frontline workers and scientists who worked tirelessly to bring these vaccines to fruition, we are starting to see light at the end of the pandemic tunnel. The United States Supreme Court once cited public health as the FDA’s “overriding purpose”5 Since its inception in 1906, the FDA has continued its work to protect and promote the public health of our nation. During this week, National Public Health Week, we are especially grateful to all involved with ensuring public health priorities are upheld. EMMA International plays a role in protecting public health by working alongside life science firms to safely bring their product to market and ensuring compliance with sustainable solutions. Call us at 248-987-4497 or email info@emmainternational.com to learn more about how we can help your firm! 1 WHO (n.d.) Public Health Services retrieved on 04/04/2021 from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health- topics/Health-systems/public-health-services 2 Hamburg, MD., et al (2009) The FDA as a Public Health Agency retrieved on 04/04/2021 from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0903764 3 FDA (March 2021) Expanded access retrieved on 04/04/2021 from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/public- health-focus/expanded-access 4 Abram, FDA (July 2018) Protecting and Promoting Public Health:Advancingthe FDA’s Medical Countermeasures Mission retrieved on 04/04/2021 from: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/protecting-and-promoting- public-health-advancing-fdas-medical-countermeasures-mission 5 United States v. Bacto-Unidisk,394 U.S. 784 (1969).(Accessed May 21, 2009,at http://supreme.justia.com/us/394/784/case.html)