The United States is facing a healthcare crisis. While the U.S. has advanced medical technology and research, the cost of healthcare and insurance is rising faster than inflation and is the number one reason for bankruptcies. The U.S. healthcare system ranks 26th in the world according to WHO fundamentals of cost, access, and outcomes. Many Americans support a single-payer system like other countries have to help reduce costs and ensure universal coverage. Potential solutions include introducing drug review boards, reducing drug company monopolies, and making health insurance mandatory.

1. Healthcare Crisis in
United States
BY TALWINDERJIT SINGH

2. Introduction
 Basically healthcare is a part of life and should be a right.
 60% of Americans believe in the policy of single payer system as other
nations have.
 Most of the population are on the side which assumes healthcare as the
responsibility of government.
 Example.

3. Healthcare Crisis (Timeline)
 During the 18th century, people were highly dependent on home remedies.
 In 1765, to improve the medical treatments in America, University of
Pennsylvania opened a new school for medical science.
 In 1847, American Medical Association (AMA) was established by the union
of doctors to regulate the practice of medicine and drugs.
 In the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt, in 1906 the labor union in U.S.
named American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) started campaign
for health insurance.
 In early 20th century, first medical insurance company named Blue Cross.

4. Timeline continued..
 After 1930, the focus changed from stabilizing income to financing medical
costs.
 Hospital Survey and Construction Act. (1946) was passed to give funds
through federal grants to hospitals for construction and modernization.
 In 1965, ‘Medicare’ under Title XVIII was an amendment in the law of
Social Security Act to cover people over 65 years and disabled people
under insurance.
 Medicaid (1965) was also an amendment in Social Security Act for
providing assistance to the poor population of America.

5. Timeline continued…
 Health Maintenance Organization Act (HMO) (1973) was enacted to make
ease avail and accessible healthcare by the way of financial help by federal
government and making mandatory for employers to offer HMO options
to their employees.
 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), 2010 was the
government act to ensure the healthcare coverage of all Americans and to
reduce the burden of medical bills on American population.

6. What’s right?
 Prompt emergency care.
 Finest healthcare system.
 Advanced medical technology.
 Research and development of U.S.
 Waiting time is less.
 Incentives to pharmaceutical companies to encourage them for developing
new drugs.
 High survival rates from cancer and chronic diseases.

8. What’s wrong?
 WHO fundamentals (cost, good health, responsiveness, fairness in
financing, access to healthcare and satisfaction with the healthcare system
) and U.S. ranked 26th. .
 Cost of healthcare and insurance is rising faster than inflation.
 Number 1 reason for bankruptcies in U.S.
 Trend of ‘defensive medicine’ is rising.
 High cost of prescription drugs.

9. According to Commonwealth report (2011), where fundamentals were (quality, access,
efficiency, equity and healthy lives. (Davis, K., Stremikis, K., Squires, D., Schoen, C. 2014).

10. According to study conducted by ABC News, Kaiser Family Foundation and USA
Today, (2006).

11. Solutions/ recommendations
 Single payer.
 Introducing drug review boards.
 Reducing length of monopolies to pharmaceutical companies.
 Mandatory health insurance.
 Limited number of insurers should be allowed to operate.

12. Why not free?
 Federal government restricts Medicare to negotiate with pharmaceutical
companies.
 Taxes are already too high.
 Uninsured population is large.
 For the sake of research and development U.S. allows pharmaceutical
industry to make money.
 Lack of drug review boards.

13. International perspective
 Basically, government of other nations interfere in healthcare system and
try to keep the costs low.
 New Zealand follows policies like nationally negotiated rates of drugs,
cost-effective reviews for new drugs.
 Universal coverage.
 Germany have multi-payer healthcare system which allows both public and
private insurers to operate the healthcare.
 Low administration cost in other developed nations.
 In France and Japan, they have common fee schedule.

14. HHS Strategic Plan 2014-2018
 strengthening health care.
 Advancement in scientific knowledge and innovation.
 Advancement of health status, safety concerns, and well being of America.
 And ensuring efficiency, transparency, accountability and effectiveness of
Health & Human Services (HHS).

15. Thank you