This document discusses various carpentry tools, wood types, and wood joints. It provides details on try squares, steel rules, marking gauges, coping saws, tenon saws, and wood planes. It also describes manufactured wood materials like MDF and plywood. Finally, it examines common wood joints like butt joints, edge joints, halving joints, housing joints, bridle joints, finger joints, mortise and tenon joints, dovetail joints, dowel joints, and mitre joints.

1. Carpentry tool &
Joints

2. Types of wood

5. Man made wood

6. MDF Plywood

7. CARPENTRY TOOLS
1. Try Square
2. Steel Rule
3. Marking Guage
4. Coping Saw
5. Tenon Saw
6. Penon Saw
7. Ironjack Plane
8. Benchwise

8. Try Square



This is used to mark lines at 90
degrees to a straight edge.
It is used to mark out lines square to the
face edge and face side.
It may also be used to check if edges are
straight. If the try square is placed on the
edge of the material and held up to a light,
any light shining through between the
material and the try square blade indicates
that the edge of the material is not straight.

9. Steel Rule
A steel rule is a very accurate marking and
measuring tool. The steel is thin and the
markings on the rule are very fine.
The measurements are in millimetres on one
edge and inches on the other.
The steel rule can also be used as a
straight edge to check if materials or
edges of materials are straight.



10. A Marking Gauge




The marking gauge is used on wood.
It is used to mark straight lines
parallel to a straight edge.
The marking tool has an adjustable
stock (the stock slides up and down
the stem) and is set using a steel rule.
When in use the stock must be
pressed tightly against the face edge of
the material. It is pushed away from
the body with the spur (back end of the
pin) inclined at an angle.
The point should leave a narrow
groove along the face surface.

11. A Coping Saw





Coping saws are used to remove
complicated shapes and cut curves in
woods and plastics.
The blade is held in a frame and may
be easily replaced if broken.
The teeth of the blade point
backwards towards the handle.
The saw cuts on the pull stroke and
not on the forward stroke. This is
because the blade is too flexible to be
pushed.
The blade can be angled in the frame if
the frame gets in the way when cutting
larger sheet materials.

12. A Tenon Saw




Tenon saws are used to cut straight cuts in
wood and some plastics.
This type of saw has a stiff back and is
suitable for detailed cuts.
The saws without this type of stiff back are
more flexible and are designed to cut large
panels.
The tenon saw is generally used to cut
woodwork joints.

13. Large panels or sheets of materials
for example plywood or M.D.F
require larger ripsaws in order to
cut them by hand.
Sheets that are small enough may be
held in the vice whereas larger
sheets may need to be supported
on special types of portable
carpenter's supports called trestles.
A Panel Saw

14. Wood rasp file
A rasp is coarse form of file used for
coarsely shaping wood or other material.
They have forward-facing cutting teeth
and cut when pushed over either a
stationary or rotating work piece
Single-cut teeth are single rows cut
diagonally across the width of the file.
Double-cut teeth have two sets of rows
cut in opposite directions.

15. Clamps

16. WOOD PLANES
1. Ironjack Plane
is used to make
smooth surface.
2. It is made of
Cast Iron.

17. A bench vice is secured on the work bench to
grip work piece while it is worked on.
BENCH VICE

18. Wood joints
 Disadvantages
− Time-consuming
− Require skill – difficult to make
− Special tools needed
 Advantages
− Give strength
− Long lasting
− Decorative
− Resist forces well

19. Butt joints
•
•
•
•
Simple joints
Need nails or screws
Rebate will give strength
Greater glue area

20. Butt joints – joining boards
 Simple edge joints used for making wideboards
 Can be strengthened using biscuit joints or tongues
 Boards arranged with alternating end grain to preventwarping

21. Edge joints
Simple joints
 J o i n narrow boardstogether
to make wider boards
Strengthened with
– Tongue & groove
– Loose tongues
– Biscuit joint

22. Halving joints
 The two halves of t
h
e
joint make up the full
thickness
 Uses
– Frames
– Rails

23. Housing joints
 Uses
– Shelved units
– Dividers for boxes

24. Bridle joints
 U s e s
– Frames
– Doors
– Making tables
– Making chairs

25. More bridle joints
 U s e s
– Frames
– Doors
– Making tables
– Making chairs

26. Finger joint
Large gluearea
Common joint
 O d d number of fingers
 Uses
– Joining corners of frames
and boxes
– Cabinet construction

27. Mortise and tenon joints
Widely used
Large glue area givesstrength
 A number of different types
 Uses
– Frames
– Doors
– Tables & chairs

28. Mortise and tenon joints
 Barefaced mortise a
n
d
tenon joint
– Barefaced tenon has
only one shoulder

29. Mortise and tenon joints
• Stopped mortise and
tenon joint
• Wedged mortise and
tenon joint

30. Mortise and tenon joints
 Twin mortise and tenon
joint
– Greater glue area and a
stronger joint
– Used when a wide tenon
could become loose with
shrinkage

31. • Haunched mortise
and tenon joint
Mortise and tenon joints

32. Slope of the dovetail
Softwood Hardwood
1: 6 1: 8
Dovetail joints
Strong joint
Attractive
 Dovetail tightens whena
pulling force is applied
 Use
– Drawers

33. Slope of the dovetail
Softwood Hardwood
1: 6 1: 8
Slope of dovetail joints

34. Dovetail joints
 Tee dovetail halving
joint
 Single through dovetail
joint
 Uses
– Corners of boxes
– Where rails meet legs

35.  Through dovetail joint
 Uses
– Box carcases
– Drawer carcases
Dovetail joints
 Lapped dovetail joint
 Used
– Where strength is needed,
but the front end grain of
the tails has to be hidden
– Drawer fronts

36. Screws
Screws are used to hold a
joint together
First, a pilot hole isdrilled
and then countersunk

37. Screws and plugs
Screw is hidden witha
round wooden plug

38. Joint block
Allow pieces to be takenapart
 Not very strong or attractive
 Knock-down fitting
 Wooden blocks can also be made to do the same thing

39. Mitre joint
 A simple form of joint that can be strengthened with loose
tongues, biscuits or dowels

40. Dowel joint
 Used in place of
mortise and tenon
Dowel is awooden
cylinder
 A dowelling jig is used