8. Try Square
This is used to mark lines at 90
degrees to a straight edge.
It is used to mark out lines square to the
face edge and face side.
It may also be used to check if edges are
straight. If the try square is placed on the
edge of the material and held up to a light,
any light shining through between the
material and the try square blade indicates
that the edge of the material is not straight.
9. Steel Rule
A steel rule is a very accurate marking and
measuring tool. The steel is thin and the
markings on the rule are very fine.
The measurements are in millimetres on one
edge and inches on the other.
The steel rule can also be used as a
straight edge to check if materials or
edges of materials are straight.
10. A Marking Gauge
The marking gauge is used on wood.
It is used to mark straight lines
parallel to a straight edge.
The marking tool has an adjustable
stock (the stock slides up and down
the stem) and is set using a steel rule.
When in use the stock must be
pressed tightly against the face edge of
the material. It is pushed away from
the body with the spur (back end of the
pin) inclined at an angle.
The point should leave a narrow
groove along the face surface.
11. A Coping Saw
Coping saws are used to remove
complicated shapes and cut curves in
woods and plastics.
The blade is held in a frame and may
be easily replaced if broken.
The teeth of the blade point
backwards towards the handle.
The saw cuts on the pull stroke and
not on the forward stroke. This is
because the blade is too flexible to be
pushed.
The blade can be angled in the frame if
the frame gets in the way when cutting
larger sheet materials.
12. A Tenon Saw
Tenon saws are used to cut straight cuts in
wood and some plastics.
This type of saw has a stiff back and is
suitable for detailed cuts.
The saws without this type of stiff back are
more flexible and are designed to cut large
panels.
The tenon saw is generally used to cut
woodwork joints.
13. Large panels or sheets of materials
for example plywood or M.D.F
require larger ripsaws in order to
cut them by hand.
Sheets that are small enough may be
held in the vice whereas larger
sheets may need to be supported
on special types of portable
carpenter's supports called trestles.
A Panel Saw
14. Wood rasp file
A rasp is coarse form of file used for
coarsely shaping wood or other material.
They have forward-facing cutting teeth
and cut when pushed over either a
stationary or rotating work piece
Single-cut teeth are single rows cut
diagonally across the width of the file.
Double-cut teeth have two sets of rows
cut in opposite directions.
20. Butt joints – joining boards
Simple edge joints used for making wideboards
Can be strengthened using biscuit joints or tongues
Boards arranged with alternating end grain to preventwarping
21. Edge joints
Simple joints
J o i n narrow boardstogether
to make wider boards
Strengthened with
– Tongue & groove
– Loose tongues
– Biscuit joint
22. Halving joints
The two halves of t
h
e
joint make up the full
thickness
Uses
– Frames
– Rails
27. Mortise and tenon joints
Widely used
Large glue area givesstrength
A number of different types
Uses
– Frames
– Doors
– Tables & chairs
28. Mortise and tenon joints
Barefaced mortise a
n
d
tenon joint
– Barefaced tenon has
only one shoulder
29. Mortise and tenon joints
• Stopped mortise and
tenon joint
• Wedged mortise and
tenon joint
30. Mortise and tenon joints
Twin mortise and tenon
joint
– Greater glue area and a
stronger joint
– Used when a wide tenon
could become loose with
shrinkage
32. Slope of the dovetail
Softwood Hardwood
1: 6 1: 8
Dovetail joints
Strong joint
Attractive
Dovetail tightens whena
pulling force is applied
Use
– Drawers
33. Slope of the dovetail
Softwood Hardwood
1: 6 1: 8
Slope of dovetail joints
34. Dovetail joints
Tee dovetail halving
joint
Single through dovetail
joint
Uses
– Corners of boxes
– Where rails meet legs
35. Through dovetail joint
Uses
– Box carcases
– Drawer carcases
Dovetail joints
Lapped dovetail joint
Used
– Where strength is needed,
but the front end grain of
the tails has to be hidden
– Drawer fronts
36. Screws
Screws are used to hold a
joint together
First, a pilot hole isdrilled
and then countersunk
38. Joint block
Allow pieces to be takenapart
Not very strong or attractive
Knock-down fitting
Wooden blocks can also be made to do the same thing
39. Mitre joint
A simple form of joint that can be strengthened with loose
tongues, biscuits or dowels
40. Dowel joint
Used in place of
mortise and tenon
Dowel is awooden
cylinder
A dowelling jig is used
